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    Lecture 3 - SCR

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    Hoàng Tú
    This document provides an overview of thyristors, which are semiconductor devices that can conduct current in one direction when a gate signal is applied. The document discusses thyristor characteristics such as forward and reverse blocking modes, voltage drop and conduction loss. It also covers thyristor gate drivers, forced commutation circuits, parasitic capacitance effects, protection methods, cooling types and applications. Common thyristor devices like TRIACs and GTOs are also introduced.

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    Lecture 3 - SCR

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    Hoàng Tú
    29 views15 pages
    This document provides an overview of thyristors, which are semiconductor devices that can conduct current in one direction when a gate signal is applied. The document discusses thyristor characteristics such as forward and reverse blocking modes, voltage drop and conduction loss. It also covers thyristor gate drivers, forced commutation circuits, parasitic capacitance effects, protection methods, cooling types and applications. Common thyristor devices like TRIACs and GTOs are also introduced.

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    This document provides an overview of thyristors, which are semiconductor devices that can conduct current in one direction when a gate signal is applied. The document discusses thyristor characteristics such as forward and reverse blocking modes, voltage drop and conduction loss. It also covers thyristor gate drivers, forced commutation circuits, parasitic capacitance effects, protection methods, cooling types and applications. Common thyristor devices like TRIACs and GTOs are also introduced.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    29 views15 pages

    Lecture 3 - SCR

    Uploaded by

    Hoàng Tú
    This document provides an overview of thyristors, which are semiconductor devices that can conduct current in one direction when a gate signal is applied. The document discusses thyristor characteristics such as forward and reverse blocking modes, voltage drop and conduction loss. It also covers thyristor gate drivers, forced commutation circuits, parasitic capacitance effects, protection methods, cooling types and applications. Common thyristor devices like TRIACs and GTOs are also introduced.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 15

    EE3147 POWER ELECTRONICS

    THYRISTOR
    Thyristor or SCR
    • Forward conducting mode / phân cực thuận
    𝑢𝐴𝐾 > 0
    ቊ 𝑖 > 0 → 𝑖𝐴𝐾 > 0
    𝑔

    • Forward blocking mode / khóa thuận


    𝑢𝐴𝐾 > 0
    ቊ 𝑖 = 0 → 𝑖𝐴𝐾 ≈ 0
    𝑔

    • Reverse blocking mode / khóa ngược


    𝑢𝐴𝐾 < 0 → 𝑖𝐴𝐾 ≈ 0

    I-V characteristics
    Equivilent circuit Symbol Đặc tính Volt-ampere

    10/12/2021 19
    Thyristor: static characteristics
    •Voltage drop
    𝑢 𝑇 = 𝑢 𝑇0 + 𝑟𝑇 𝑖 𝑇
    where: 𝑢𝐷0 : “knee” voltage,
    𝑖𝐷 : forward current,
    𝑟𝐷 : diode resistance,

    •Conduction loss
    𝑝𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑 = 𝑢𝐷 𝑖𝐷 = 𝑢𝐷0 𝑖𝐷 + 𝑟𝐷 𝑖𝐷2
    1 𝑇
    𝑃𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑 = න 𝑢𝐷0 𝑖𝐷 + 𝑟𝐷 𝑖𝐷2 𝑑𝑡
    𝑇 0
    2
    = 𝑢𝐷0 𝑖𝐷,𝑎𝑣𝑔 + 𝑟𝐷 𝑖𝐷,𝑟𝑚𝑠 (W)

    → similar to diode I-V characteristics


    Đặc tính Volt-ampere
    10/12/2021 20
    Thyristor: dynamic characteristics
    • There are turn-on loss and turn-off loss
    • Turn-off loss
    • Similar to Diode
    • Due to reverse recovery phenomenon
    1
    Δ𝑃𝑠𝑤,𝑜𝑓𝑓 = 𝑉𝑅 𝐼𝑅 𝑡𝑟𝑟 𝑓𝑠𝑤
    4
    • Turn-on loss
    • Turn-on delay [ns]
    • Current slew rate [A/𝜇s]
    𝑉𝑠𝑡𝑟 𝑑𝑖
    = 𝐴/𝜇𝑠
    𝐿𝑠𝑡𝑟 𝑑𝑡
    • Voltage slew rate [V/𝜇s]
    𝐼𝑓𝑟 𝑑𝑉 Voltage and current waveform
    = 𝑉/𝜇𝑠
    𝐶𝑎𝑘 𝑑𝑡 during turn-on and -off
    1 Dạng sóng điện và điện áp khi chuyển mạch
    ⇒ Δ𝑃𝑠𝑤,𝑜𝑛 = 𝑉𝑅 𝐼𝑎𝑘 𝑡𝑟 𝑓𝑠𝑤
    4
    10/12/2021 21
    Thyristor: gate driver
    • Gate driver circuit parameters:
    • Gate voltage [V]
    • Gate current [A] or [mA]
    • Gate resistor [Ω]
    Typical gate current pulse
    • Calculation of gate resistor
    𝑉𝑔𝑘
    𝑅𝑔,𝑒𝑥𝑡 = − 𝑅𝑔,𝑖𝑛𝑡 Ω
    𝐼𝑔

    A commercialized Thyristor gate driver Simplified gate circuit


    10/12/2021 https://www.5scomponents.com/Pdf/5SYA2034-01.pdf 22
    Thyristor: forced-commutated circuit
    • SCR → only ON commutation can be controlled
    • OFF → forced-commutated circuit
    • Complementary commutation → Class-C
    • Auxilliary commutation → Class-D

    Class C commutation circuit Class-D commutation circuit


    10/12/2021 https://www.electronicshub.org/scr-turn-off-methods/#Forced_Commutation 23
    Thyristor: parasitic capacitor
    • Static dv/dt turn-on effect A
    𝑖𝑔 𝑡 𝑑 𝐶𝑔𝑎
    = 𝑣𝑔𝑘 (𝑡)
    𝐶𝑔𝑘 𝑑𝑡
    G 𝐶𝑎𝑘 𝑣𝑎𝑘 𝑡
    𝐶𝑔𝑎 𝑑
    = × 𝑣𝑎𝑘 𝑡 K
    𝐶𝑔𝑎 + 𝐶𝑔𝑘 𝑑𝑡 𝐶𝑔𝑘

    → SCR = OFF, if 𝑑𝑣𝑎𝑘 /𝑑𝑡 > 0 Parasitic capacitors across


    terminals of a Thyristor
    → 𝒊𝒈 > 𝟎 → SCR is ON spuriously
    → add extra 𝐶𝑔𝑘
    → or reduce 𝑑𝑣𝑎𝑘 𝑡 /𝑑𝑡 with
    RC Snubber
    Voltage and current waveform of an SCR in
    a three-phase rectifer
    10/12/2021 24
    Thyristor: parasitic capacitor
    • Current spike and ringing occurs
    when turn-on due to parasitic cap.
    • Maximum allowable slew rate [dV/dt]
    𝐼𝑎𝑘 𝑑𝑉
    = 𝑉/𝜇𝑠
    𝐶𝑎𝑘 𝑑𝑡
    Parasitic capacitor

    Repetitive gate pulse to ensure 𝐼𝑎 > 𝐼𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑐ℎ Current spike due to discharge of
    parasitic capacitor
    10/12/2021 25
    Thyristor: protection
    • Excessive di/dt → add a small series inductor
    • Excessive voltage spike → RC snubber
    • Over voltage → MOV
    • Short circuit → Fuse
    • Over GK voltage → ZD

    10/12/2021 26
    Thyristor: protection

    An actual thyristor system After explosion of the fuse

    10/13/2021 27
    Thyristor: cooling types
    • Passive cooling
    • Active cooling with forced air
    • Active cooling with liquid

    • Important parameters
    • Total power loss
    • Thermal resistance(s)
    • Air flow or liquid flow
    • Temperature rise
    Typical cooling types for SCR
    10/12/2021 28
    Applications
    • Rectifiers, soft-starter
    • Relay-replacement circuit
    • Chopper (DC/DC) circuit
    • HVDC grid
    • etc.

    10/13/2021 29
    TRIAC
    • TRIAC = TRIode Alternating Current switch
    • Equivalent to two SCR in anti-parallel
    → Bidirectional switch
    • Current direction depends
    on gate current

    Structure and Symbol Static characteristics


    10/12/2021 30
    GTO
    • GTO = Gate Turn Off Thyristor
    • 𝑖𝑔 > 0 → turn ON
    • 𝑖𝑔 < 0 → turn OFF
    • Max. frequency: ~ 1kHz

    Structure and Symbol V-I characteristics


    10/13/2021 31
    THANKS
    FOR
    ATTENTIONS

    10/12/2021 32

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