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    Half Range Fourier Series

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    Victor Doyogan
    This document provides an overview of Fourier half range expansions and examples. Specifically, it discusses: 1) How a function defined on an interval [0,L] can be extended to an even or odd periodic function to obtain a Fourier cosine or sine series representation. 2) Properties of even and odd functions and how their combinations affect Fourier series representations. 3) Equations for the Fourier cosine and sine series of a function defined on an interval. 4) Two examples of determining the Fourier series of functions, one using a sine series for an odd function, and another using a cosine series for an even function.

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    Half Range Fourier Series

    Uploaded by

    Victor Doyogan
    81 views18 pages
    This document provides an overview of Fourier half range expansions and examples. Specifically, it discusses: 1) How a function defined on an interval [0,L] can be extended to an even or odd periodic function to obtain a Fourier cosine or sine series representation. 2) Properties of even and odd functions and how their combinations affect Fourier series representations. 3) Equations for the Fourier cosine and sine series of a function defined on an interval. 4) Two examples of determining the Fourier series of functions, one using a sine series for an odd function, and another using a cosine series for an even function.

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    This document provides an overview of Fourier half range expansions and examples. Specifically, it discusses: 1) How a function defined on an interval [0,L] can be extended to an even or odd periodic function to obtain a Fourier cosine or sine series representation. 2) Properties of even and odd functions and how their combinations affect Fourier series representations. 3) Equations for the Fourier cosine and sine series of a function defined on an interval. 4) Two examples of determining the Fourier series of functions, one using a sine series for an odd function, and another using a cosine series for an even function.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    81 views18 pages

    Half Range Fourier Series

    Uploaded by

    Victor Doyogan
    This document provides an overview of Fourier half range expansions and examples. Specifically, it discusses: 1) How a function defined on an interval [0,L] can be extended to an even or odd periodic function to obtain a Fourier cosine or sine series representation. 2) Properties of even and odd functions and how their combinations affect Fourier series representations. 3) Equations for the Fourier cosine and sine series of a function defined on an interval. 4) Two examples of determining the Fourier series of functions, one using a sine series for an odd function, and another using a cosine series for an even function.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 18

    MATH220-OL

    Advanced Engineering Mathematics

    Fourier Half Range Expansions


    Lesson 1
    ENGR. RICHARD T. EARNHART
    Department of Mathematics
    School of Graduate Studies
    Richard Earnhart @2020

    1
    THE COSINE OR SINE SERIES HALF-RANGE EXPANSIONS

    • If !(#) is piecewise continuous on [0, (] then


    !(#) can be extended into an even periodic
    function *(#) with period 2(, so that ! # =
    *(#) on [0, (].
    • The resulting function has a Fourier series
    equivalent to that of a cosine series.

    Richard Earnhart @2020

    2
    THE COSINE OR SINE SERIES HALF-RANGE EXPANSIONS

    • Similarly, !(#) can be extended into an odd


    periodic function %(#) with period 2', so that
    ! # = %(#) on [0, '].
    • In this case, %(#) has a Fourier series that is a
    sine series.
    • This process of extensions is called cosine or sine
    series half-range expansions

    Richard Earnhart @2020

    3
    EVEN AND ODD FUNCTIONS

    • On a half-interval [0,L], we can represent a


    function as a series containing just sine terms or
    just cosine terms, which ever we choose.
    • We can do this by exploring the properties of
    odd or even functions.

    Richard Earnhart @2020

    4
    EVEN FUNCTIONS

    • The function !(#) is an even function on [−', '] if


    ! −# = !(#) for all # on [−', '].
    • The graph of an even function is symmetric about the
    y-axis.
    • It follows,
    - 1
    + ! # .# = 2 + ! # .#
    ,- 0

    Richard Earnhart @2020

    5
    EVEN FUNCTIONS

    • ! = #$
    $
    • ! = −# = #$

    • ! = cos #
    • ! = cos −# = cos #

    Richard Earnhart @2020

    6
    ODD FUNCTIONS

    • The function !(#) is an odd function on [−', '] if


    ! −# = −!(#) for all # on [−', '].
    • The graph of an odd function is symmetric through the
    origin.
    • It follows,
    -
    + ! # .# = 0
    ,-

    Richard Earnhart @2020

    7
    ODD FUNCTIONS

    • !(#) = # + # '
    • ! −# = −# + −# '
    • = −# − # '= −(# + # ')

    • ! # = sin #
    • ! −# = sin −# = −,-.#

    Richard Earnhart @2020

    8
    ODD FUNCTIONS

    • The function !(#) is an odd function on [−', '] if


    ! −# = −!(#) for all # on [−', '].
    • The graph of an odd function is symmetric through the
    origin.
    • It follows,
    -
    + ! # .# = 0
    ,-

    Richard Earnhart @2020

    9
    ODD FUNCTIONS

    • The function !(#) is an odd function on [−', '] if


    ! −# = −!(#) for all # on [−', '].
    • The graph of an odd function is symmetric through the
    origin.
    • It follows,
    -
    + ! # .# = 0
    ,-

    Richard Earnhart @2020

    10
    ARITHMETIC COMBINATIONS OF ODD & EVEN FUNCTIONS

    • We summarize the products of odd and even


    functions.
    • !"!# ∗ !"!# = !"!#
    • &'' ∗ &'' = !"!#
    • !"!# ∗ &'' = &'' ∗ !"!# = &''

    Richard Earnhart @2020

    11
    ARITHMETIC COMBINATIONS OF ODD & EVEN FUNCTIONS

    • Thus, if ! " = $%$&


    1 . 2 .
    '( = , ! " /" = , ! " /"
    2+ -. + (
    &3" &3"
    ! " cos = $%$& ; ! " sin = 7//
    + . +
    2 &3"
    '8 = , ! " cos /"
    + ( +
    98 = 0
    • Thus, if ! " = 7//
    &3" &3"
    ! " cos = 7// ; ! " sin = $%&
    + +
    '( = '8 = 0
    2 . &3"
    98 = , ! " sin /"
    + ( +
    Richard Earnhart @2020

    12
    FOURIER COSINE SERIES

    • The Fourier cosine series is the even extension of !(#) to [−', '].
    • If f is integrable on [0, L] then the Fourier cosine series of f(x) on
    [0, L] is
    2
    67#
    ! # = +, + . +/ cos
    '
    /01
    • Where
    1 =
    8/ = 0; +, = < ! # >#
    ' ,
    2 = 67#
    +/ = < ! # cos ># 6 = 1,2. .
    ' , '

    Richard Earnhart @2020

    13
    FOURIER SINE SERIES

    • The Fourier sine series is the odd extension of !(#) to [−', '].
    • If f is integrable on [0, L] then the Fourier sine series of f(x) on
    [0, L] is
    /
    45#
    ! # = + 0, sin
    '
    ,-.
    • Where
    2 < 45#
    67 = 6, = 0; 0, = ; ! # sin =# 4 = 1,2. .
    ' 7 '

    Richard Earnhart @2020

    14
    EXAMPLE 1
    • Find the Fourier series of ! " = " $ on [−4,4].
    Solution:
    • Since, " $ is an odd function on [−4,4], we have
    • *+ = *, = 0
    • With P = 8 and 4 = 4,
    2 8 ;<" 2 > $ ;<"
    5, = 7 ! " sin =" = 7 " sin ="
    4 + 4 4 + 4
    • Evaluating the integral, we obtain
    B B
    • 5, = −1 ,@A 128 , C DE ; ; = 1,2, …
    ,F C F
    • Thus, the Fourier series is given by
    K L< L − 6
    ,@A
    ; ;<"
    ! " = I −1 128 sin
    ;$ < $ 4
    ,JA
    Richard Earnhart @2020

    15
    EXAMPLE 2
    −2, −( < " < −(/2
    • Find the Fourier series of ! " = $ 2 − (/2 < " < (/2 on [−(, (].
    −2, (/2 < " < (
    Solution:
    • The graph of !(") is an even function on −(, ( .
    • It follows, 01 = 0, P = 2π and 9 = (,
    ; > ; >/@ ; >
    • a: = ∫: ! " ?" = ∫: (2)?" + ∫>/@ −2 ?" = 0
    < < <
    @ B 1<F
    • a1 = B ∫: ! " cos B
    ?" =
    @ >/@ @ >
    • = > ∫: 2 cos G" ?" + > ∫>/@(−2) cos G" ?"
    • Evaluating the integral, we obtain
    I 1<
    • H1 = sin !KL G = 1,3, … ; G = QRQG, . H1 = 0, Thus, the Fourier series is given by
    1< @ U
    8 G(
    ! " = S sin cos G" ; G = 1,3,5, . .
    G( 2
    1T; Richard Earnhart @2020

    16
    EXAMPLE 3
    • Let # $ = $ on [0,2]. Find its cosine and sine series.
    Solution:
    • Cosine series: Given # $ defined on [0,2]. Its even extension of period 4 is given by
    # $ =$ 0≤$≤2
    + $ =,
    # −$ = −$, −2 ≤ $ ≤ 0
    6 7
    • Thus, 45 = ∫5 $9$ = 1 2

    7 7
    BC$
    ;< = 0; 4< = > x cos 9$
    G 5 2 -2 -1 1 2

    8 1 (2B − 1)C$ -1

    # $ =1− 7 E cos
    C 2B − 1 7 2
    <F6

    Richard Earnhart @2020

    17
    EXAMPLE 3
    • Sine series: Given ! " defined on [0,2]. Its odd extension of period 4 is given by
    ! " = ", 0<"≤2
    ( " =* 0, "=0
    −! −" = ", −2 ≤ " < 0
    2
    • Thus, 34 = 35 = 0
    8
    <="
    65 = 7 x sin >"
    C4
    2 -2 -1 1 2

    4 −1 5EB <="
    ! " = @ sF<
    = < 2
    -2

    5AB

    Richard Earnhart @2020

    18

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