GCE 2017 and GCE 2008 Content Mapping

Mapping of the new GCE Mathematics and Further Mathematics (2017) content to GCE Mathematics and Further Mathematics
(2008) content
Content of this document is based on the ACCREDITED version of Pearson Edexcel Level 3 Advanced GCE in Mathematics (9MA0)
Yellow highlight = new to 2017
2017 Specification 2008 Specification
Topic Content Module Topic Specification point
Pure Mathematics
Proof Understand and use the structure of mathematical proof,
proceeding from given assumptions through a series of
logical steps to a conclusion; use methods of proof,
including: Proof by deduction, Proof by exhaustion,
Disproof by counter example. Proof by contradiction
(including proof of the irrationality of root 2 and the
infinity of primes, and application to unfamiliar proofs).
Algebra and functions Understand and use the laws of indices for all rational C1 Algebra and functions Laws of indices for all rational exponents.
exponents.
Algebra and functions Use and manipulate surds, including rationalising the C1 Algebra and functions Use and manipulation of surds.
denominator.
Algebra and functions Work with quadratic functions and their graphs. C1 Algebra and functions Quadratic functions and their graphs.
Algebra and functions The discriminant of a quadratic function, including the C1 Algebra and functions The discriminant of a quadratic function.
conditions for real and repeated roots.
Algebra and functions Completing the square. C1 Algebra and functions Completing the square. Solution of quadratic
equations.
Algebra and functions Solution of quadratic equations including solving quadratic
equations in a function of the unknown.
Algebra and functions Solve simultaneous equations in two variables by C1 Algebra and functions Simultaneous equations: analytical solution by
elimination and by substitution, including one linear and substitution.
one quadratic equation.
Algebra and functions Solve linear and quadratic inequalities in a single variable C1 Algebra and functions Solution of linear and quadratic inequalities.
and interpret such inequalities graphically including
inequalities with brackets and fractions.
Algebra and functions Express solutions through correct use of ‘and’ and ‘or’, or
through set notation.
Algebra and functions Represent linear and quadratic inequalities such as y > x +
1 and y > ax2 + bx + c graphically.
Algebra and functions Manipulate polynomials algebraically, including expanding C1 Algebra and functions Algebraic manipulation of polynomials, including
brackets and collecting like terms, factorisation and simple expanding brackets and collecting like terms,
algebraic division; use of the factor theorem. Simplify factorisation.
rational expressions including by factorising and canelling,
and algebraic divison (by linear expressions only). C2 Algebra and functions Simple algebraic division; use of the Factor Theorem
and the Remainder Theorem.
1
Mapping of the new GCE Mathematics and Further Mathematics (2017) content to GCE Mathematics and Further Mathematics (2008) content
Algebra and functions Understand and use graphs of functions; sketch curves C1 Algebra and functions Graphs of functions; sketching curves defined
defined by simple equations including polynomials. The bysimple equations. Geometrical interpretation of
modulus of a linear function. y = a/x and y = a/x^2 algebraic solution of equations. Use of intersection
(including their vertical and horizontal asymptotes). points of graphs of functions to solve equations.
Algebra and functions Interpret algebraic solution of equations graphically; use

intersection points of graphs to solve equations.
Algebra and functions Understand and use proportional relationships and their
graphs.
Algebra and functions Understand and use composite functions; inverse functions C3 Algebra and functions Definition of a function. Domain and range of
and their graphs. functions. Composition of functions. Inverse
functions and their graphs.
Algebra and functions Understand the effect of simple transformations on the C1 Algebra and functions Knowledge of the effect of simple transformations
graph of y = f(x) including sketching associated graphs: on the graph of y = f(x) as represented by y = af(x), y
y = af(x), y = f(x) + a, = f(x) + a, y = f(x + a), y = f(ax).
y = f(x + a), y = f(ax) and combinations of these
transformations
Algebra and functions Decompose rational functions into partial fractions C4 Algebra and functions Rational functions. Partial fractions (denominators
(denominators not more complicated than squared linear not more complicated than repeated linear terms).
terms and with no more than 3 terms, numerators constant
or linear)
Algebra and functions Use of functions in modelling, including consideration of M1 Mathematical Models The basic ideas of mathematical modelling as
limitations and refinements of the models. in Mechanics applied in Mechanics.
S1 Mathematical models The basic ideas of mathematical modelling as

in probability and applied in probability and statistics.
statistics
Coordinate geometry in C1 Coordinate geometry Equation of a straight line, including the forms y – y₁
the (x, y) plane Understand and use the equation of a straight line, in the (x,y) plane = m(x – x₁) and ax + by + c = 0.
including the forms y – y₁ = m(x – x₁) and ax + by + c = 0.
Coordinate geometry in Gradient conditions for two straight lines to be parallel or C1 Coordinate geometry Conditions for two straight lines to be parallel or
the (x, y) plane perpendicular. in the (x,y) plane perpendicular to each other.
Coordinate geometry in Be able to use straight line models in a variety of contexts.

the (x, y) plane
Coordinate geometry in Understand and use the coordinate geometry of the circle C2 Coordinate geometry Coordinate geometry of the circle using the equation
the (x, y) plane including using the equation of a circle in the form (x - a)2 in the (x,y) plane of a circle in the form (x – a)2 + (y – b)2 = r2 and
+ (y - b)2 = r2 including use of the following circle properties:
(i) the angle in a semicircle is a right angle;
(ii) the perpendicular from the centre to a chord
bisects the chord;
(iii) the perpendicularity of radius and tangent.
2
C2 Coordinate geometry Coordinate geometry of the circle using the equation
in the (x,y) plane of a circle in the form (x – a)2 + (y – b)2 = r2 and
including use of the following circle properties:
Coordinate geometry in Completing the square to find the centre and radius of a (ii) the perpendicular from the centre to a chord
the (x, y) plane circle; use of the following properties: bisects the chord;
 the angle in a semicircle is a right angle (iii) the perpendicularity of radius and tangent.
 the perpendicular from the centre to a chord bisects the
chord
 the radius of a circle at a given point on its
circumference is perpendicular to the tangent to the circle
at that point.
Coordinate geometry in the Understand and use the parametric equations of curves C4 Coordinate geometry Parametric equations of curves and conversion
(x,y) plane and conversion between Cartesian and parametric forms. in between Cartesian and parametric forms.
the (x,y) plane
Coordinate geometry in the Use parametric equations in modelling in a variety of

(x,y) plane contexts.
Sequences and series Understand and use the binomial expansion of (a + bx)n for C2 Sequences and series Binomial expansion of (1 + x)n for positive integer n.
positive integer n; the notations n! and nCr; link to
binomial probabilities. Extend to any rational n, including
its use for approximation; be aware that the expansion is C2 Sequences and series The notations n! and ( n r )
valid for |bx/a| < 1 (proof not required)
Sequences and series Work with sequences including those given by a formula C1 Sequences and series Sequences, including those given by a formula for
for the nth term and those generated by a simple relation the nth term and those generated by a simple
of the form relation of the form xn+1 = f(xn).
xn + 1 = f (xn);
Sequences and series increasing sequences; decreasing sequences; periodic

sequences.
Sequences and series Understand and use sigma notation for sums of series. FP1 Series Summation of simple finite series.
Sequences and series Understand and work with arithmetic sequences and C1 Sequences and series Arithmetic series, including the formula for the sum
series, including the formulae for nth term and the sum to of the first n natural numbers.
n terms.
Sequences and series Understand and work with geometric sequences and series C2 Sequences and series The sum of a finite geometric series; the sum to
including the formulae for the nth term and the sum of a infinity of a convergent geometric series, including
finite geometric series; the sum to infinity of a convergent the use of |r| < 1.
geometric series, including the use of |r|<1; modulus
notation.
Sequences and series Use sequences and series in modelling.

Trigonometry Understand and use the definitions of sine, cosine and C2 Trigonometry The sine and cosine rules, and the area of a triangle
tangent for all arguments; the sine and cosine rules; the in the form ½ ab sin C.
area of a triangle in the form ½ ab sin C.
Trigonometry Work with radian measure, including use for arc length and C2 Trigonometry Radian measure, including use for arc length and
area of sector. area of sector.
3
Trigonometry Understand and use the standard small angle
approximations of sine, cosine and tangent: sinθ ≈ θ, cosθ
≈ 1 - (θ2/2) , tanθ ≈ θ where θ is in radians.
Trigonometry Understand and use the sine, cosine and tangent functions; C2 Trigonometry Sine, cosine and tangent functions. Their graphs,
their graphs, symmetries and periodicity. symmetries and periodicity.
Trigonometry Know and use exact values of sin and cos for 0, π/6, π/4,
π/3, π/2, π and multiples thereof, and exact values of tan
for 0, π/6, π/4, π/3, π/2, π and multiples thereof.
Trigonometry Understand and use the definitions of secant, cosecant and C3 Trigonometry Knowledge of secant, cosecant and cotangent and of
cotangent and of arcsin, arccos and arctan; their arcsin, arccos and arctan. Their relationships to sine,
relationships to sine, cosine and tangent; understanding of cosine and tangent. Understanding of their graphs
their graphs; their ranges and domains. and appropriate restricted domains.
Trigonometry Understand and use tan θ = sin θ / cos θ C2 Trigonometry Knowledge and use of tan θ = sin θ / cos θ, and sin2θ
Understand and use sin2θ + cos2θ = 1 + cos2θ = 1.
Trigonometry Understand and use sec2θ = 1 + tan2θ and cosec2θ = 1 + C3 Trigonometry Knowledge and use of sec2θ = 1 + tan2θ and cosec2θ
cot2θ. = 1 + cot2θ.
Trigonometry Understand and use double angle formulae; use of C3 Trigonometry Knowledge and use of double angle formulae; use of
formulae for sin( A ± B), cos( A ± B) and tan( A ± B); formulae for sin (A ± B), cos (A ± B) and tan (A ± B)
understand geometrical proofs of these formulae. and of expressions for a cos θ + b sin θ in the
equivalent forms of r cos (θ ± a) or r sin (θ ± a).
Trigonometry Understand and use expressions for acosθ + bsinθ in the

equivalent forms of r cos(θ ± α) or r sin(θ ± α).
Trigonometry Solve simple trigonometric equations in a given interval, C2 Trigonometry Solution of simple trigonometric equations in a given
including quadratic equations in sin, cos and tan and interval.
equations involving multiples of the unknown angle.
Trigonometry Construct proofs involving trigonometric functions and C3 Trigonometry Knowledge and use of double angle formulae; use of
identities. formulae for sin (A ± B), cos (A ± B) and tan (A ± B)
and of expressions for a cos θ + b sin θ in the
equivalent forms of r cos (θ ± a) or r sin (θ ± a).
Trigonometry Use trigonometric functions to solve problems in context,

including problems involving vectors, kinematics and
forces.
Exponentials and Know and use the function ax and its graph, where a is C2 Exponentials and y = ax and its graph.
logarithms positive. Know and use the function ex and its graph. logarithms
C3 Exponentials and The function ex and its graph.
logarithms
Exponentials and Know that the gradient of ekx is equal to kekx and hence
logarithms understand why the exponential model is suitable in many
applications.
4
Exponentials and Know and use the definition of logax as the inverse of ax, C3 Exponentials and The function ln x and its graph; ln x as the inverse
logarithms where a is positive and x ≠ 0. Know and use the function ln logarithms function of ex.
x and its graph. Know and use ln x as the inverse function
of ex
Exponentials and Understand and use the laws of logarithms: C2 Exponentials and Laws of logarithms.
logarithms loga x + loga y = loga (xy) logarithms
loga x - loga y = loga (x/y)
klogax = logaxk
(including, for example, k = -1 and k = - ½)
Exponentials and Solve equations of the form ax = b. C2 Exponentials and The solution of equations of the form ax = b.
logarithms logarithms
Exponentials and Use logarithmic graphs to estimate parameters in
logarithms relationships of the form y = axn and y = kbx, given data
for x and y
Exponentials and Understand and use exponential growth and decay; use in C4 Differentiation Exponential growth and decay.
logarithms modelling (examples may include the use of e in
continuous compound interest, radioactive decay, drug
concentration decay, exponential growth as a model for
population growth); consideration of limitations and
refinements of exponential models.
Differentiation Understand and use the derivative of f (x) as the gradient C1 Differentiation The derivative of f(x) as the gradient of the tangent
of the tangent to the graph of y = f (x) at a general point to the graph of y = f (x) at a point; the gradient of
(x, y); the gradient of the tangent as a limit; the tangent as a limit; interpretation as a rate of
interpretation as a rate of change. change; second order derivatives.
Differentiation Sketching the gradient function for a given curve.

Differentiation Second derivatives C2 Differentiation Second order derivatives.
Differentiation Differentiation from first principles for small positive C3 Differentiation Differentiation of ex, ln x, sin x, cos x, tan x and
integer powers of x and for sin x and cos x their sums and differences.
Differentiation Understand and use the second derivative as the rate of
change of gradient; connection to convex and concave
sections of curves and points of inflection.
Differentiation Differentiate xn, for rational values of n, and related C1 Differentiation Differentiation of xn, and related sums and
constant multiples, sums and differences. differences.
Differentiation Differentiate ekx and akx, sin kx , cos kx , tan kx and C3 Differentiation Differentiation of ex, ln x, sin x , cos x , tan x and
related sums, differences and constant multiples. their sums and differences.
Understand and use the derivative of ln x Differentiation using the product rule, the quotient
rule and the chain rule.
Differentiation Apply differentiation to find gradients, tangents and C1 Differentiation Applications of differentiation to gradients, tangents
normals, maxima and minima and stationary points. Pointd and normals.
on inflection. Identify where functions are increasing or
decreasing.
5
Differentiation Apply differentiation to find gradients, tangents and
normals,
Mapping of the new GCE Mathematics andmaxima
Further and minima (2017)
Mathematics and stationary
content topoints. Pointd
GCE Mathematics and Further Mathematics (2008) content
on inflection. Identify where functions are increasing or
decreasing. C2 Differentiation Applications of differentiation to maxima and
minima and stationary points, increasing and
decreasing functions.
Differentiation Differentiate using the product rule, the quotient rule and C3 Differentiation Differentiation using the product rule, the quotient
the chain rule, including problems involving connected rule and the chain rule.
rates of change and inverse functions.
Differentiation Differentiate simple functions and relations defined C4 Differentiation Differentiation of simple functions defined implicitly
implicitly or parametrically, for first derivative only. or parametrically.
Differentiation Construct simple differential equations in pure C4 Differentiation Formation of simple differential equations.
mathematics and in context, (contexts may include
kinematics, population growth and modelling the
relationship between price and demand).
Integration Know and use the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus. C1 Integration Indefinite integration as the reverse of
differentiation.
Integration Integrate xn (excluding n = −1), and related sums, C1 Integration Integration of xn
differences and constant multiples.
Integration Integrate ekx, 1/x, sin kx , cos kx and related sums, C4 Integration Integration of ex, 1 /x , sin x, cos x.
differences and constant multiples.
Integration Evaluate definite integrals; use a definite integral to find C2 Integration Evaluation of definite integrals.
the area under a curve and the area between two curves. C2 Integration Interpretation of the definite integral as the area
under a curve.
Integration Understand and use integration as the limit of a sum.
Integration Carry out simple cases of integration by substitution and C4 Integration Simple cases of integration by substitution and
integration by parts; understand these methods as the integration by parts. These methods as the reverse
inverse processes of the chain and product rules processes of the chain and product rules
respectively. respectively.
Integration Integrate using partial fractions that are linear in the C4 Integration Simple cases of integration using partial fractions.
denominator.
Integration Evaluate the analytical solution of simple first order C4 Integration Analytical solution of simple first order differential
differential equations with separable variables, including equations with separable variables.
finding particular solutions.
Integration Interpret the solution of a differential equation in the

context of solving a problem, including identifying
limitations of the solution; includes links to kinematics.
Numerical methods Locate roots of f(x) = 0 by considering changes of sign of C3 Numerical methods Location of roots of f(x) = 0 by considering changes
f(x) in an interval of x on which f(x) is sufficiently well- of sign of f(x) in an interval of x in which f(x) is
behaved. continuous.
Numerical methods Understand how change of sign methods can fail.

Numerical methods Solve equations approximately using simple iterative C3 Numerical methods Approximate solution of equations using simple
methods; be able to draw associated cobweb and staircase iterative methods, including recurrence relations of
diagrams. the form xn+1 = f(xn).
6
Numerical methods Solve equations using the Newton-Raphson method and FP1 Numerical solution of Equations of the form f(x) = 0 solved numerically by:
other recurrence relations of the form xn+1= g(xn). equations (i) interval bisection,
Understand how such methods can fail. (ii) linear interpolation,
(iii) the Newton-Raphson process.
Numerical methods Understand and use numerical integration of functions, C2 Integration Approximation of area under a curve using the
including the use of the trapezium rule and estimating the trapezium rule.
approximate area under a curve and limits that it must lie
between. C4 Integration Numerical integration of functions.
Numerical methods Use numerical methods to solve problems in context.
Vectors Use vectors in two and three dimensions. C4 Vectors Vectors in two and three dimensions.
Vectors Calculate the magnitude and direction of a vector and C4 Vectors Magnitude of a vector.
convert between component form and
magnitude/direction form.
Vectors Add vectors diagrammatically and perform the algebraic C4 Vectors Algebraic operations of vector addition and
operations of vector addition and multiplication by scalars, multiplication by scalars, and their geometrical
and understand their geometrical interpretations. interpretations.
Vectors Understand and use position vectors; calculate the C4 Vectors Position vectors.
distance between two points represented by position C4 Vectors The distance between two points.
vectors.
Vectors Use vectors to solve problems in pure mathematics and in FP3 Vectors Use of vectors in problems involving points, lines and
context, (including forces). planes.
M1 Vectors in Mechanics Application of vectors to displacements, velocities,
accelerations and forces in a plane.
Statistics and Mechanics
Statistical sampling Understand and use the terms ‘population’ and ‘sample.' S2 Hypothesis tests Population, census and sample. Sampling unit,
Use samples to make informal inferences about the sampling frame.
population.
Statistical sampling Understand and use sampling techniques, including simple S3 Sampling Methods for collecting data. Simple random
random sampling and opportunity sampling. sampling. Use of random numbers for sampling.
S3 Sampling Other methods of sampling: stratified, systematic,

quota.
Statistical sampling Select or critique sampling techniques in the context of S2 Hypothesis tests Population, census and sample. Sampling unit,
solving a statistical problem, including understanding that sampling frame.
different samples can lead to different conclusions about
the population.

quota
Data presentation and Interpret diagrams for single-variable data, including S1 Representation and Histograms, stem and leaf diagrams, box plots.
interpretation understanding that area in a histogram represents summary of data
frequency.
7
Data presentation and Connect to probability distributions. S2 Continuous random The probability density function and the cumulative
interpretation variables distribution function for a continuous random
variable.
Data presentation and Interpret scatter diagrams and regression lines for S1 Correlation and Scatter diagrams. Linear regression.
interpretation bivariate data, including recognition of scatter diagrams regression
which include distinct sections of the population
(calculations involving regression lines are excluded).
Data presentation and Understand informal interpretation of correlation. S1 Correlation and The product moment correlation coefficient, its use,
interpretation Understand that correlation does not imply causation. regression interpretation and limitations.
Data presentation and Interpret measures of central tendency and variation, S1 Representation and Measures of location — mean, median, mode.
interpretation extending to standard deviation. summary of data
S1 Representation and Measures of dispersion — variance, standard

summary of data deviation, range and interpercentile ranges.
Data presentation and Be able to calculate standard deviation, including from S1 Representation and Measures of dispersion — variance, standard
interpretation summary statistics. summary of data deviation, range and interpercentile ranges.
Data presentation and Recognise and interpret possible outliers in data sets and S1 Representation and Skewness. Concepts of outliers.
interpretation statistical diagrams. summary of data
Data presentation and Select or critique data presentation techniques in the

interpretation context of a statistical problem.
Data presentation and Be able to clean data, including dealing with missing data,
interpretation errors and outliers.
Probability Understand and use mutually exclusive and independent S1 Probability Sample space. Exclusive and complementary events.
events when calculating probabilities.
Probability Link to discrete and continuous distributions. S1 Discrete random The concept of a discrete random variable.
variables
S2 Continuous random The concept of a continuous random variable.
variables
Probability Understand and use conditional probability, including the S1 Probability Sample space. Exclusive and complementary events.
use of tree diagrams, Venn diagrams, two-way tables. Conditional probability.
Understand and use the conditional probability formula
P(A|B) = P( A Ո B) / P(B).
Probability Modelling with probability, including critiquing assumptions S1 Mathematical models The basic ideas of mathematical modelling as
made and the likely effect of more realistic assumptions. in probability and applied in probability and statistics.
statistics
8
Statistical distributions Understand and use simple, discrete probability S2 The Binomial and The binomial and Poisson distributions.
distributions (calculation of mean and variance of discrete Poisson distributions
random variables is excluded), including the binomial
distribution, as a model; calculate probabilities using the
binomial distribution.
Statistical distributions Understand and use the Normal distribution as a model; S1 The Normal The Normal distribution including the mean, variance
find probabilities using the Normal distribution. Link to distribution and use of tables of the cumulative distribution
histograms, mean, standard deviation, points of inflection function.
and the binomial distribution.
S2 Continuous Use of the normal distribution as an approximation
distributions to the binomial distribution
Statistical distributions Select an appropriate probability distribution for a
context, with appropriate reasoning, including recognising
when the binomial or Normal model may not be
appropriate.
Statistical hypothesis Understand and apply the language of statistical S2 Hypothesis tests Concept and interpretation of a hypothesis test. Null
testing hypothesis testing, developed through a binomial model: and alternative hypotheses.
null hypothesis, alternative hypothesis, significance level,
test statistic, 1-tail test, 2-tail test, critical value, critical
region, acceptance region, p-value; extend to correlation
coefficients as measures of how close data points lie to a
straight line and be able to interpret a given correlation
coefficient using a given p-value or critical value
(calculation of correlation coefficients is excluded).
Hypothesis tests Critical region.

Hypothesis tests One-tailed and two-tailed tests.
Statistical hypothesis Conduct a statistical hypothesis test for the proportion in S2 Hypothesis tests Hypothesis tests for the parameter p of a binomial
testing the binomial distribution and interpret the results in distribution and for the mean of a Poisson
context. distribution.
Statistical hypothesis Understand that a sample is being used to make an S2 Hypothesis tests Concept and interpretation of a hypothesis test. Null
testing inference about the population and appreciate that the and alternative hypotheses.
significance level is the probability of incorrectly rejecting
the null hypothesis.
Statistical hypothesis Conduct a statistical hypothesis test for the mean of a S3 Estimation, Hypothesis tests for the mean of a Normal
testing Normal distribution with known, given or assumed variance confidence intervals distribution with variance known.
and interpret the results in context. and tests
Quantities and units in Understand and use fundamental quantities and units in
mechanics the S.I. system: length, time, mass.
Quantities and units in Understand and use derived quantities and units: velocity,
mechanics acceleration, force, weight, moment.
Kinematics Understand and use the language of kinematics: position;
displacement; distance travelled; velocity; speed;
acceleration.
9
Kinematics Understand, use and interpret graphs in kinematics for M1 Kinematics of a Velocity and acceleration when the displacement is a
motion in a straight line: displacement against time and particle moving in a function of time.
interpretation of gradient; velocity against time and straight line or plane
interpretation of gradient and area under the graph.
Kinematics Understand, use and derive the formulae for constant M1 Kinematics of a Motion in a straight line with constant acceleration.
acceleration for motion in a straight line. particle moving in a
straight line
Kinematics Extend to 2 dimensions using vectors. M1 Vectors in Mechanics Application of vectors to displacements, velocities,
Kinematics Use calculus in kinematics for motion in a straight line. M2 Kinematics of a Differentiation and integration of a vector with
Extend to 2 dimensions using vectors. particle moving in a respect to time.
straight line or plane
Kinematics Model motion under gravity in a vertical plane using M2 Kinematics of a Motion in a vertical plane with constant
vectors; projectiles. particle moving in a acceleration, eg under gravity.
Simple cases of motion of a projectile.

Forces and Newton’s laws Understand the concept of a force; understand and use M1 Dynamics of a The concept of a force. Newton’s laws of motion.
Newton’s first law. particle moving in a
Forces and Newton’s laws Understand and use Newton’s second law for motion in a M1 Statics of a particle Forces treated as vectors. Resolution of forces.
straight line (restricted to forces in two perpendicular
directions or simple cases of forces given as 2-D vectors);
extend to situations where forces need to be resolved
(restricted to 2 dimensions).
Forces and Newton’s laws Understand and use weight and motion in a straight line M1 Kinematics of a Motion in a vertical plane with constant
under gravity; gravitational acceleration, g, and its value particle moving in a acceleration, eg under gravity.
in S.I. units to varying degrees of accuracy. straight line or plane
Forces and Newton’s laws Understand and use Newton’s third law; equilibrium of M1 dynamics of a Simple applications including the motion of two
forces on a particle and motion in a straight line; particle moving in a connected particles.
application to problems involving smooth pulleys and straight line or plane
connected particles; resolving forces in 2 dimensions;
equilibrium of a particle under coplanar forces.
M1 Statics of a particle Equilibrium of a particle under coplanar forces.
Weight, normal reaction, tension and thrust,
friction.
Forces and Newton’s laws Understand and use addition of forces; resultant forces; M1 Vectors in Mechanics Magnitude and direction of a vector. Resultant of
dynamics for motion in a plane. vectors may also be required.
Forces and Newton’s laws Understand and use the F ≤ R model for friction; M1 Dynamics of a Coefficient of friction.
coefficient of friction; motion of a body on a rough particle moving in a
surface; limiting friction and statics. straight line or plane
10
coefficient of friction; motion of a body on a rough
surface; limiting friction and statics.
friction.
Moments Understand and use moments in simple static contexts. M1 Moments Moment of a force.
11
Notes
Interpreting inequalities graphically is new to 2017

specification.
Remainder Theorem no longer required.
12
y = a / x² is new to 2017 specification.
13
14
Not explicitly stated in old specification but covered.
15
Use in modelling not covered by old specification.
Not explicitly mentioned in old specification but

implied.
16
Extends further than the old specification by

mentioning connected rates of change and inverse
functions.
Implied
Implied
Cobweb and staircase diagrams new to 2017
specification.
17
Component and magnitude / direction form not

explicity mentioned in old specification.
18
19
Section on correlation coefficients and p-values is new

to 2017 specification.
Assumed knowledge
Assumed knowledge
Assumed knowledge
20
21
22
Mapping of the new GCE Mathematics and Further Mathematics (2017) content to GCE Mathematics and Further Mathematics (2008) content 12/14/2021
Content of this document is based on the ACCEDITED version of Pearson Edexcel Level 3 Advanced Subsidiary GCE in Mathematics (8MA0)
2017 Specification 2008 Specification
Topic Content Module Topic Content Notes
Pure Mathematics
Proof Understand and use the structure of mathematical proof,
proceeding from given assumptions through a series of logical steps
to a conclusion; use methods of proof, including: Proof by
deduction, Proof by exhaustion, Disproof by counter example.
Algebra and functions Understand and use the laws of indices for all rational exponents. C1 Algebra and functions Laws of indices for all rational exponents.
Algebra and functions Use and manipulate surds, including rationalising the denominator. C1 Algebra and functions Use and manipulation of surds.
Algebra and functions Work with quadratic functions and their graphs. C1 Algebra and functions Quadratic functions and their graphs.
Algebra and functions The discriminant of a quadratic function, including the conditions C1 Algebra and functions The discriminant of a quadratic function.
for real and repeated roots.
Algebra and functions Completing the square. C1 Algebra and functions Completing the square. Solution of quadratic
Algebra and functions Solution of quadratic equations including solving quadratic equations.
equations in a function of the unknown.
Algebra and functions Solve simultaneous equations in two variables by elimination and C1 Algebra and functions Simultaneous equations: analytical solution by
by substitution, including one linear and one quadratic equation. substitution.
Algebra and functions Solve linear and quadratic inequalities in a single variable and C1 Algebra and functions Solution of linear and quadratic inequalities. Interpreting inequalities graphically is new to 2017
interpret such inequalities graphically including inequalities with specification.
brackets and fractions.
Algebra and functions Express solutions through correct use of ‘and’ and ‘or’, or through
set notation.
Algebra and functions Represent linear and quadratic inequalities such as y > x + 1 and y
> ax2 + bx + c graphically.
Algebra and functions Manipulate polynomials algebraically, including expanding brackets C1 Algebra and functions Algebraic manipulation of polynomials, including
and collecting like terms, factorisation and simple algebraic expanding brackets and collecting like terms,
division; use of the factor theorem. factorisation.
C2 Algebra and functions Simple algebraic division; use of the Factor Theorem Remainder Theorem no longer required.
and the Remainder Theorem.
Algebra and functions Understand and use graphs of functions; sketch curves defined by C1 Algebra and functions Graphs of functions; sketching curves defined y = a / x² is new to 2017 specification.
simple equations including polynomials y = a / x and y = a / x² bysimple equations. Geometrical interpretation of
(including their vertical and horizontal asymptotes). algebraic solution of equations. Use of intersection
points of graphs of functions to solve equations.
Algebra and functions Interpret algebraic solution of equations graphically; use

intersection points of graphs to solve equations.
Algebra and functions Understand and use proportional relationships and their graphs.
Algebra and functions Understand the effect of simple transformations on the graph of y C1 Algebra and functions Knowledge of the effect of simple transformations
= f(x) including sketching associated graphs: on the graph of y = f(x) as represented by y = af(x), y
y = af(x), y = f(x) + a, = f(x) + a, y = f(x + a), y = f(ax).
y = f(x + a), y = f(ax)
23
Coordinate geometry in Understand and use the equation of a straight line, including the C1 Coordinate geometry Equation of a straight line, including the forms y – y₁
the (x, y) plane forms y – y₁ = m(x – x₁) and ax + by + c = 0. in the (x,y) plane = m(x – x₁) and ax + by + c = 0.
Coordinate geometry in Gradient conditions for two straight lines to be parallel or C1 Coordinate geometry Conditions for two straight lines to be parallel or
the (x, y) plane perpendicular. in the (x,y) plane perpendicular to each other.
Coordinate geometry in Be able to use straight line models in a variety of contexts.

the (x, y) plane
Coordinate geometry in Understand and use the coordinate geometry of the circle including C2 Coordinate geometry Coordinate geometry of the circle using the equation
the (x, y) plane using the equation of a circle in the form (x - a)2 + (y - b)2 = r2 in the (x,y) plane of a circle in the form (x – a)2 + (y – b)2 = r2 and
including use of the following circle properties:
Coordinate geometry in Completing the square to find the centre and radius of a circle; use (ii) the perpendicular from the centre to a chord
the (x, y) plane of the following properties: bisects the chord;
 the angle in a semicircle is a right angle (iii) the perpendicularity of radius and tangent.
 the perpendicular from the centre to a chord bisects the chord
 the radius of a circle at a given point on its circumference is
perpendicular to the tangent to the circle at that point.
Sequences and series Understand and use the binomial expansion of (a + bx)n for C2 Sequences and series Binomial expansion of (1 + x)n for positive integer n.
positive integer n; the notations n! and nCr; link to binomial
probabilities.
C2 Sequences and series The notations n! and ( n r )
Trigonometry Understand and use the definitions of sine, cosine and tangent for C2 Trigonometry The sine and cosine rules, and the area of a triangle
all arguments; the sine and cosine rules; the area of a triangle in in the form ½ ab sin C.
the form ½ ab sin C.
Trigonometry Understand and use the sine, cosine and tangent functions; their C2 Trigonometry Sine, cosine and tangent functions. Their graphs,
graphs, symmetries and periodicity. symmetries and periodicity.
Trigonometry Understand and use tan θ = sin θ / cos θ C2 Trigonometry Knowledge and use of tan θ = sin θ / cos θ, and sin2θ
Understand and use sin 2θ + cos2θ = 1 + cos2θ = 1.
Trigonometry Solve simple trigonometric equations in a given interval, including C2 Trigonometry Solution of simple trigonometric equations in a given
quadratic equations in sin, cos and tan and equations involving interval.
multiples of the unknown angle.
Exponentials and Know and use the function ax and its graph, where a is positive. C2 Exponentials and y = ax and its graph.
logarithms Know and use the function e x and its graph. logarithms
C3 Exponentials and The function ex and its graph.
logarithms
Exponentials and Know that the gradient of e kx is equal to kekx and hence
logarithms understand why the exponential model is suitable in many
applications.
Exponentials and Know and use the definition of log ax as the inverse of ax, where a is C3 Exponentials and The function ln x and its graph; ln x as the inverse
logarithms positive and x ≠ 0. Know and use the function ln x and its graph. logarithms function of ex.
Know and use ln x as the inverse function of e x
Exponentials and Understand and use the laws of logarithms: C2 Exponentials and Laws of logarithms.
logarithms loga x + loga y = loga (xy) logarithms
loga x - loga y = loga (x/y)
klogax = logaxk
(including, for example, k = -1 and k = - ½)
24
Exponentials and Solve equations of the form ax = b. C2 Exponentials and The solution of equations of the form ax = b.
logarithms logarithms
Exponentials and Use logarithmic graphs to estimate parameters in relationships of
logarithms the form y = axn and y = kbx, given data for x and y
Exponentials and Understand and use exponential growth and decay; use in C4 Differentiation Exponential growth and decay. Use in modelling not covered by old specification.
logarithms modelling (examples may include the use of e in continuous
compound interest, radioactive decay, drug concentration decay,
exponential growth as a model for population growth);
consideration of limitations and refinements of exponential
models.
Differentiation Understand and use the derivative of f (x) as the gradient of the C1 Differentiation The derivative of f(x) as the gradient of the tangent
tangent to the graph of y = f (x) at a general point (x, y); the to the graph of y = f (x) at a point; the gradient of
gradient of the tangent as a limit; interpretation as a rate of the tangent as a limit; interpretation as a rate of
change. change; second order derivatives.
Differentiation Sketching the gradient function for a given curve.

Differentiation Second derivatives C2 Differentiation Second order derivatives.
Differentiation Differentiation from first principles for small positive integer C3 Differentiation Differentiation of ex, ln x, sin x, cos x, tan x and
powers of x their sums and differences.
Differentiation Understand and use the second derivative as the rate of change of Not explicitly mentioned in old specification but
gradient. implied.
Differentiation Differentiate xn, for rational values of n, and related constant C1 Differentiation Differentiation of xn, and related sums and
multiples, sums and differences. differences.
Differentiation Apply differentiation to find gradients, tangents and normals, C1 Differentiation Applications of differentiation to gradients, tangents
maxima and minima and stationary points. Identify where functions and normals.
are increasing or decreasing.
C2 Differentiation Applications of differentiation to maxima and
minima and stationary points, increasing and
decreasing functions.
Integration Know and use the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus. C1 Integration Indefinite integration as the reverse of
differentiation.
Integration Integrate xn (excluding n = −1), and related sums, differences and C1 Integration Integration of xn
constant multiples.
Integration Evaluate definite integrals; use a definite integral to find the area C2 Integration Evaluation of definite integrals.
under a curve. C2 Integration Interpretation of the definite integral as the area
under a curve.
Vectors Use vectors in two dimensions. C4 Vectors Vectors in two and three dimensions.
Vectors Calculate the magnitude and direction of a vector and convert C4 Vectors Magnitude of a vector. Component and magnitude / direction form not
between component form and magnitude/direction form. explicity mentioned in old specification.
Vectors Add vectors diagrammatically and perform the algebraic operations C4 Vectors Algebraic operations of vector addition and
of vector addition and multiplication by scalars, and understand multiplication by scalars, and their geometrical
their geometrical interpretations. interpretations.
Vectors Understand and use position vectors; calculate the distance C4 Vectors Position vectors.
between two points represented by position vectors. C4 Vectors The distance between two points.
Vectors Use vectors to solve problems in pure mathematics and in context, FP3 Vectors Use of vectors in problems involving points, lines and
(including forces). planes.
M1 Vectors in Mechanics Application of vectors to displacements, velocities,
Statistics and Mechanics
25
Statistical sampling Understand and use the terms ‘population’ and ‘sample.' Use S2 Hypothesis tests Population, census and sample. Sampling unit,
samples to make informal inferences about the population. sampling frame.
Statistical sampling Understand and use sampling techniques, including simple random S3 Sampling Methods for collecting data. Simple random
sampling and opportunity sampling. sampling. Use of random numbers for sampling.

quota.
Statistical sampling Select or critique sampling techniques in the context of solving a S2 Hypothesis tests Population, census and sample. Sampling unit,
statistical problem, including understanding that different samples sampling frame.
can lead to different conclusions about the population.

quota
Data presentation and Interpret diagrams for single-variable data, including S1 Representation and Histograms, stem and leaf diagrams, box plots.
interpretation understanding that area in a histogram represents frequency. summary of data
Data presentation and Connect to probability distributions. S2 Continuous random The probability density function and the cumulative
interpretation variables distribution function for a continuous random
variable.
Data presentation and Interpret scatter diagrams and regression lines for bivariate data, S1 Correlation and Scatter diagrams. Linear regression.
interpretation including recognition of scatter diagrams which include distinct regression
sections of the population (calculations involving regression lines
are excluded).
Data presentation and Understand informal interpretation of correlation. Understand that S1 Correlation and The product moment correlation coefficient, its use,
interpretation correlation does not imply causation. regression interpretation and limitations.
Data presentation and Interpret measures of central tendency and variation, extending to S1 Representation and Measures of location — mean, median, mode.
interpretation standard deviation. summary of data
S1 Representation and Measures of dispersion — variance, standard

summary of data deviation, range and interpercentile ranges.
Data presentation and Be able to calculate standard deviation, including from summary S1 Representation and Measures of dispersion — variance, standard
interpretation statistics. summary of data deviation, range and interpercentile ranges.
Data presentation and Recognise and interpret possible outliers in data sets and S1 Representation and Skewness. Concepts of outliers.
interpretation statistical diagrams. summary of data
Data presentation and Select or critique data presentation techniques in the context of a
interpretation statistical problem.
Data presentation and Be able to clean data, including dealing with missing data, errors
interpretation and outliers.
Probability Understand and use mutually exclusive and independent events S1 Probability Sample space. Exclusive and complementary events.
when calculating probabilities.
Probability Link to discrete and continuous distributions. S1 Discrete random The concept of a discrete random variable.
variables
S2 Continuous random The concept of a continuous random variable.
variables
26
Statistical distributions Understand and use simple, discrete probability distributions S2 The Binomial and The binomial and Poisson distributions.
(calculation of mean and variance of discrete random variables is Poisson distributions
excluded), including the binomial distribution, as a model;
calculate probabilities using the binomial distribution.
Statistical hypothesis Understand and apply the language of statistical hypothesis S2 Hypothesis tests Concept and interpretation of a hypothesis test. Null Section on correlation coefficients and p-values is new
testing testing, developed through a binomial model: null hypothesis, and alternative hypotheses. to 2017 specification.
alternative hypothesis, significance level, test statistic, 1-tail test,
Hypothesis tests Critical region.
2-tail test, critical value, critical region, acceptance region, p-
value Hypothesis tests One-tailed and two-tailed tests.
Statistical hypothesis Conduct a statistical hypothesis test for the proportion in the S2 Hypothesis tests Hypothesis tests for the parameter p of a binomial
testing binomial distribution and interpret the results in context. distribution and for the mean of a Poisson
distribution.
Statistical hypothesis Understand that a sample is being used to make an inference about S2 Hypothesis tests Concept and interpretation of a hypothesis test. Null
testing the population and appreciate that the significance level is the and alternative hypotheses.
probability of incorrectly rejecting the null hypothesis.
Quantities and units in Understand and use fundamental quantities and units in the S.I. Assumed knowledge
mechanics system: length, time, mass.
Quantities and units in Understand and use derived quantities and units: velocity, Assumed knowledge
mechanics acceleration, force, weight.
Kinematics Understand and use the language of kinematics: position; Assumed knowledge
displacement; distance travelled; velocity; speed; acceleration.
Kinematics Understand, use and interpret graphs in kinematics for motion in a M1 Kinematics of a Velocity and acceleration when the displacement is a
straight line: displacement against time and interpretation of particle moving in a function of time.
gradient; velocity against time and interpretation of gradient and straight line or plane
area under the graph.
Kinematics Understand, use and derive the formulae for constant acceleration M1 Kinematics of a Motion in a straight line with constant acceleration.
for motion in a straight line. particle moving in a
straight line
Kinematics Use calculus in kinematics for motion in a straight line. M2 Kinematics of a Differentiation and integration of a vector with
particle moving in a respect to time.
Forces and Newton’s laws Understand the concept of a force; understand and use Newton’s M1 Dynamics of a The concept of a force. Newton’s laws of motion.
first law. particle moving in a
Forces and Newton’s laws Understand and use Newton’s second law for motion in a straight M1 Statics of a particle Forces treated as vectors. Resolution of forces.
line (restricted to forces in two perpendicular directions or simple
cases of forces given as 2-D vectors)
Forces and Newton’s laws Understand and use weight and motion in a straight line under M1 Kinematics of a Motion in a vertical plane with constant
gravity; gravitational acceleration, g, and its value in S.I. units to particle moving in a acceleration, eg under gravity.
varying degrees of accuracy. straight line or plane
Forces and Newton’s laws Understand and use Newton’s third law; equilibrium of forces on a M1 Dynamics of a Simple applications including the motion of two
particle and motion in a straight line; application to problems particle moving in a connected particles.
involving smooth pulleys and connected particles straight line or plane
27
involving smooth pulleys and connected particles
friction.
28
Mapping of the new GCE Mathematics and Further Mathematics (2017) content to GCE Mathematics and
Further Mathematics (2008) content
Content of this document is based on the ACCREDITED version of Pearson Edexcel Level
2017 Specification
Topic
Compulsory Core Pure Mathematics
Proof
Complex numbers
Complex numbers
Complex numbers
Complex numbers
Complex numbers
Complex numbers
Complex numbers
Complex numbers
Complex numbers
Complex numbers
Complex numbers
Matrices
Matrices
Matrices
Matrices
Matrices
Matrices
Matrices
Matrices
Matrices
Further algebra and

functions
Further algebra and
functions
Further algebra and
functions
Further algebra and
functions
Further algebra and
functions
Further algebra and
functions
Further calculus
Further calculus
Further calculus
Further calculus
Further calculus
Further calculus
Further vectors
Further vectors
Further vectors
Further vectors
Further vectors
Polar coordinates
Polar coordinates
Polar coordinates
Hyperbolic functions
Differential equations
Further Pure Mathematics 1

Further Trigonometry
Further calculus
Further calculus
Further calculus
Further calculus
Further calculus
Further differential
equations
Further differential
equations
Coordinate systems
Coordinate systems
Coordinate systems
Coordinate systems
Further vectors
Further vectors
Further vectors
Further numerical methods
Further numerical methods
Inequalities
Further Pure Mathematics 2

Groups
Groups
Groups
Groups
Groups
Further calculus
Further calculus
Further matrix algebra


Further complex numbers
Number theory
Number theory
Number theory
Number theory
Number theory
Number theory
Number theory
Further sequences and

series
series
series
Further Statistics 1
Discrete probability
distributions
distributions
Poisson & binomial
distributions
Poisson & binomial

distributions
Poisson & binomial

distributions
Geometric and negative

binomial distributions

Hypothesis testing
Hypothesis testing
Estimation, confidence
intervals and tests using a
normal distribution
Chi squared tests
Chi squared tests

Chi squared tests
Probability generating
functions
functions
functions
Quality of tests and
estimators
Further Statistics 2
Linear regression
Linear regression
Linear regression
Continuous probability
distributions
distributions
distributions
distributions
distributions
Correlation
Correlation
Correlation
Combinations of random
variables
normal distribution
normal distribution
normal distribution
normal distribution
normal distribution
Other Hypothesis test and

confidence intervals
Other hypothesis tests and
Confidence intervals and

tests using the t-
distribution

tests using the t-
distribution

tests using the t-
distribution
Further Maechanics 1
Momentum and impulse
Work and energy
Elastic strings and springs
Elastic strings and springs
Elastic collisions in one

dimension

dimension
Elastic collisions in two
dimensions
Elastic collisions in two
dimensions
Further Mechanics 2
Motion in a circle
Motion in a circle
Centres of mass of plane

figures

figures

figures
Further centres of mass

Further dynamics
Further dynamics
Further dynamics
Further dynamics
Further kinematics
Decision Mathematics 1
Algorithms and graph
theory

theory
theory
theory
Algorithms on graphs
Algorithms on graphs II
Critical path analysis
Linear programming
Linear programming
Linear programming
Linear programming
Decision 2
Transportation problems
Allocation (assignment)
problems
problems
problems
problems
Flows in networks
Flows in networks
Flows in networks
Flows in networks
Flows in networks
Dynamic programming
Dynamic programming
Game theory
Game theory
Game theory
Game theory
Recurrence relations
Decision analysis
Decision analysis
s document is based on the ACCREDITED version of Pearson Edexcel Level 3 Advanced GCE in Fu
= new to 2017
2017 Specification
Content Unit
Pure Mathematics
Construct proofs using mathematical induction. Contexts include sums of FP1
series, divisibility and powers of matrices.
Solve any quadratic equation with real coefficients. Solve cubic or quartic C1
equations with real coefficients.
FP1
FP1
Add, subtract, multiply and divide complex numbers in the form x + iy with x FP1
and y real. Understand and use the terms ‘real part’ and ‘imaginary part’.
FP1
Understand and use the complex conjugate. FP1

Know that non-real roots of polynomial equations with real coefficients occur
in conjugate pairs.
Use and interpret Argand diagrams. FP1
Convert between the Cartesian form and the modulus-argument form of a FP1
complex number.
Multiply and divide complex numbers in modulus argument form. FP1
Construct and interpret simple loci in the argand diagram such as | z - a | > r FP2
and arg (z - a) = θ.
Understand de Moivre’s theorem and use it to find multiple angle formulae and FP2
sums of series.
Know and use the definition eiθ = cosθ + isinθ and the form z = reiθ. FP2
Find the n distinct nth roots of reiθ for r ≠ 0 and know that they form the
vertices of a regular n-gon in the Argand diagram.
Use complex roots of unity to solve geometric problems.
Add, subtract and multiply conformable matrices. Multiply a matrix by a scalar. FP1
FP1
FP1
Understand and use zero and identity matrices.
Use matrices to represent linear transformations in 2-D. Successive FP1

transformations. Single transformations in 3-D.
FP1
FP2
Find invariant points and lines for a linear transformation.

Calculate determinants of 2 x 2 and 3 x 3 matrices and interpret as scale FP1
factors, including the effect on orientation. FP3
Understand and use singular and non-singular matrices. Properties of inverse

matrices.
Calculate and use the inverse of non-singular 2 x 2 matrices and 3 x 3 matrices. FP1
FP3
Solve three linear simultaneous equations in three variables by use of the

inverse matrix.
Interpret geometrically the solution and failure of solution of three
simultaneous linear equations.
Understand and use the relationship between roots and coefficients of
polynomial equations up to quartic equations.
Form a polynomial equation whose roots are a linear transformation of the
roots of a given polynomial equation (of at least cubic degree).
Understand and use formulae for the sums of integers, squares and cubes and FP1
use these to sum other series.
Understand and use the method of differences for summation of series FP2
including use of partial fractions.
Find the Maclaurin series of a function including the general term. FP2
Recognise and use the Maclaurin series for ex, ln(1 + x) , sin x , cos x and (1+
x)n , and be aware of the range of values of x for which they are valid (proof
not required).
Derive formulae for and calculate volumes of revolution. C4

Evaluate improper integrals where either the integrand is undefined at a value
in the range of integration or the range of integration extends to infinity.
Understand and evaluate the mean value of a function.

Integrate using partial fractions. C4
Differentiate inverse trigonometric functions. FP3

Integrate functions of the form (a2 - x2)-½ and (a2 + x2)-1 and be able to choose FP3
trigonometric substitutions to integrate associated functions.
Understand and use the vector and Cartesian forms of an equation of a straight C4
line in 3-D.
Understand and use the vector and Cartesian forms of the equation of a plane. FP3
Calculate the scalar product and use it to express the equation of a plane, and C4
to calculate the angle between two lines, the angle between two planes and
the angle between a line and a plane.
Check whether vectors are perpendicular by using the scalar product. C4
Find the intersection of a line and a plane. FP3

Calculate the perpendicular distance between two lines, from a point to a line
and from a point to a plane.
Understand and use polar coordinates and be able to convert between polar FP2
and cartesian coordinates.
Sketch curves with r given as a function of θ, including use of trigonometric
functions.
Find the area enclosed by a polar curve. FP2
Understand the definitions of hyperbolic functions sinh x, cosh x and tanh x, FP3
including their domains and ranges, and be able to sketch their graphs.
Differentiate and integrate hyperbolic functions. FP3
FP3
Understand and be able to use the definitions of the inverse hyperbolic FP3
functions and their domains and ranges.
Derive and use the logarithmic forms of the inverse hyperbolic functions.
Integrate functions of the form (a2 - x2)-½ and (a2 + x2)-½ and be able to choose FP3
substitutions to integrate associated functions.
Find and use an integrating factor to solve differential equations of form dy/dx FP2
+ P(x)y = Q(x) and recognise when it is appropriate to do so.
Find both general and particular solutions to differential equations. FP2
Use differential equations in modelling in kinematics and in other contexts. M3

Solve differential equations of form y''+ a y'+ b y = 0 where a and b are FP2
constants by using
the auxiliary equation.
Solve differential equations of form y''+ a y'+ b y = f(x) where a and b are
constants by solving the homogeneous case and adding a particular integral to
the complementary function (in cases where f(x) is a polynomial, exponential
or trigonometric function).
Understand and use the relationship between the cases when the discriminant
of the auxiliary equation is positive, zero and negative and the form of solution
of the differential equation.
Solve the equation for simple harmonic motion ¨x = -ω2x and relate the M3
solution to the motion.
Model damped oscillations using second order differential equations and M4
interpret their solutions.
Analyse and interpret models of situations with one independent variable and
two dependent variables as a pair of coupled first order simultaneous equations
and be able to solve them, for example predator-prey models.
thematics 1
The t-formulae.
Applications of t-formulae to trigonometric identities.
Applications of t-formulae to solve trigonemetric equations.
Derivation and use of Taylor series. FP2
Use of series expansions to find limits.

Leibnitz’s theorem.
L’Hospital’s Rule.
The Weierstrass substitution for integration.
Use of Taylor series method for series solution of differential equations. FP2
Differential equations reducible by means of a given substitution. FP2
FP2
Cartesian and parametric equations for the parabola, ellipse and hyperbola. FP1
FP3
The focus-directrix properties of the parabola, ellipse and hyperbola, including FP1
the eccentricity.
FP3
Tangents and normals to these curves. FP3
Simple loci problems. FP3
The vector product a · b of two vectors. FP3

The scalar triple product a · b · c
Applications of vectors to three dimensional geometry involving points, lines FP3
and planes.
Numerical solution of first order and second order differential equations.
Simpson’s rule.
The manipulation and solution of algebraic inequalities and inequations, FP2

including those involving the modulus sign.
thematics 2
The Axioms of a group.
Examples of groups. Cayley tables. Cyclic groups.
The order of a group and the order of an element. Subgroups.
Lagrange’s theorem.
Isomorphism.
Further Integration - Reduction formulae. FP3
The calculation of arc length and the area of a surface of revolution. FP3
Eigenvalues and eigenvectors of 2×2 and 3×3 matrices. FP3

Reduction of matrices to diagonal form. FP3
The use of the Cayley- Hamilton theorem.

Further loci and regions in the Argand diagram.
Elementary transformations from the z-plane to the w-plane. FP2
An understanding of the division theorem and its application to the Euclidean

Algorithm and congruences.
Bezout's identity.
Modular arithmetic. Understanding what is meant by two integers a and b to be
congruent modulo an integer n. Properties of congruences.
Fermat's Little Theorem.

Divisibility Tests.
Solution of simple congruence equations.
Combinatorics:
Counting problems
Permutations and combinations.
First and second order recurrence relations.
The solution of recurrence relations to obtain closed forms.
Proof by induction of closed forms.
s1
Calculation of the mean and variance of simple discrete probability S1
distributions.
Extension of expected value function to include E(g(X)).
The Poisson distribution. S2

The additive property of Poisson distributions.
The mean and variance of the binomial distribution and the Poisson S2
distribution.
The use of the Poisson distribution as an approximation to the binomial S2

distribution.
Geometric and negative binomial distributions.
Mean and variance of a geometric distribution with parameter p.
Mean and variance of negative binomial distribution with P(X=x) = (x-1 r-1)
pr(1-p)x-1
Extend ideas of hypothesis tests to test for the mean of a Poisson distribution. S2
Extend hypothesis tests to test for the parameter p of a geometric distribution.
Applications of the Central Limit Theorem to other distributions S3
Goodness of fit tests & Contingency Tables. S3

The null and alternative hypotheses.
The use of Σ (Oi - Ei)2 / Ei as an approximate statistic.
Degrees of freedom. S3
Definitions, derivations and applications.

Use of the probability generating function for the negative binomial and
Poisson distributions.
Use to find the mean and variance.
Probability generating function of the sum of independent random variables.
Type I and Type II errors. S4

Size and Power of Test.
The power test.
s2
Least squares linear regression. The concept of residuals and minimising the S1
sum of squares of residuals.
Residuals.
The residual sum of squares (RSS).
The concept of a continuous random variable. S2
The probability density function and the cumulative distribution function for a
continuous random variable.
S2
Idea of skewness S1
Relationship between probability density and cumulative distribution functions. S2
Mean and variance of continuous random variables. S2

Mode, median and percentiles of continuous random variables. S2
The continuous uniform (rectangular) distribution. S2
Use of formulae to calculate the correlation coefficient. Knowledge of the S1

conditions for the use of the product moment correlation coefficient. A
knowledge of the effects of coding will be expected.
Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient, its use, interpretation and limitations. S3

Testing the hypothesis that a correlation is zero using either Spearman’s rank S3
correlation or the product moment correlation coefficient.
Distribution of linear combinations of independent Normal random variables. S3
Concepts of standard error, estimator, bias. Quality of estimators. S3
Concept of a confidence interval and its interpretation. S3
Confidence limits for a Normal mean, with variance known. S3
Hypothesis test for the difference between the means of two Normal S3
distributions with variances known.
Use of large sample results to extend to the case in which the population S3
variances are unknown.
Hypothesis test and confidence interval for the variance of a Normal S4

distribution.
Hypothesis test that two independent random S4
samples are from Normal populations with equal variances.
Hypothesis test and confidence interval for the mean of a Normal distribution S4
with unknown variance.
Paired t-test. S4
Hypothesis test and confidence interval for the difference between two means S4
from independent Normal distributions when the variances are equal but
unknown.
Use of the pooled estimate of variance.
nics 1
Momentum and impulse. The impulse-momentum principle. The principle of M1
conservation of momentum applied to two spheres colliding directly.
Momentum as a vector. The impulse-momentum principle in vector form. M2
Kinetic and potential energy, work and power. The work- energy principle. The M2
principle of conservation of mechanical energy.
Elastic strings and springs. Hooke’s law. M3
Energy stored in an elastic string or spring. M3
Direct impact of elastic spheres. Newton’s law of restitution. Loss of M2

mechanical energy due to impact.
Successive impacts of spheres and/or a spheres with a smooth plane surface. M2
Oblique impact of smooth elastic spheres and a smooth sphere with a fixed M4
surface. Loss of kinematic energy due to impact.
Successive oblique impacts of a sphere with smooth plane surfaces.
cs 2
Angular speed. v = rω. M3
Radial acceleration in circular motion. M3
The forms rω2 and v2 / r are required.
Uniform motion of a particle moving in a horizontal circle.
M3
Motion of a particle in a vertical circle. Radial and tangential acceleration in M3

circular motion.
Moment of a force. Centre of mass of a discrete mass distribution in one and M2
two dimensions. M2
Centre of mass of uniform plane figures, and simple cases of composite plane M2
figures.
Centre of mass of frameworks.
Simple cases of equilibrium of a plane lamina or framework. M2
Centre of mass of uniform and non-uniform rigid bodies and simple composite M3
bodies.
Simple cases of equilibrium of rigid bodies. M3
Toppling and sliding of a rigid body on a rough plane. M5
Newton's laws of motion for a particle moving in one dimension when the M3
applied force is variable.
Simple harmonic motion. M4

Oscillations of a particle attached to the end of elastic string(s) or spring(s). M3
Kinetic, potential and elastic energy in the context of SHM.
Kinematics of a particle moving in a straight line when the acceleration is a M3

function of the displaement (x) or time (t) or velocity (v).
atics 1
The general ideas of algorithms and the implementation of an algorithm given D1
by a flow chart or text.
Bin packing, bubble sort and quick sort. D1
Use of the order of the nodes to determine whether a graph is Eulerian, semi-
Eulerian or neither.
The planarity algorithm for planar graphs.
The minimum spanning tree (minimum connector) problem. Prim’s and D1

Kruskal’s (greedy) algorithm.
Dijkstra’s and Floyd’s algorithm for finding the shortest path. D1
Algorithm for finding the shortest route around a network, travelling along D1
every edge at least once and ending at the start vertex (The Route Inspection
Algorithm).
The practical and classical Travelling Salesman problems. The classical problem D2
for complete graphs satisfying the triangle inequality.
Determination of upper and lower bounds using minimum spanning tree D2

methods.
The nearest neighbour algorithm. D2
Modelling of a project by an activity network, from a precedence table. D1
Completion of the precedence table for a given activity network. D1
Algorithm for finding the critical path. Earliest and latest event times. Earliest D1
and latest start and finish times for activities.
Identification of critical activities and critical path(s).
Calculation of the total float of an activity. Construction of Gantt (cascade) D1

charts.
Construct resource histograms (including resource levelling) based on the
number of workers required to complete each activity.
Scheduling the activities using the least number of workers required to D1
complete the project.
Formulation of problems as linear programs including the meaning and use of D1
slack, surplus and artificial variables.
D2
Graphical solution of two variable problems using objective line and vertex D1
methods including cases where integer solutions are required.
D1
The Simplex algorithm and tableau for maximising and minimising problems D2
with ≤ constraints.
The two-stage Simplex and big-M methods for maximising and minimising
problems which may include both ≤ and ≥ constraints.
The north-west corner method for finding an initial basic feasible solution. D2
Use of the stepping stone method for obtaining an improved solution. D2

Improvement indices.
Formulation of the transportation problem as a linear programming problem. D2
Cost matrix reduction. D2
Use of the Hungarian algorithm to find a least cost allocation. D2
Modification of the Hungarian algorithm to deal with a maximum profit D2

allocation.
Formulation of the Hungarian algorithm as a linear programming problem. D2
Cuts and their capacity. D2

Use of the labelling procedure to augment a flow to determine the maximum D2
flow in a network.
Use of the max–flow min–cut theorem to prove that a flow is a maximum flow. D2
Multiple sources and sinks. D2

Determine the optimal flow rate in a network, subject to given constraints.
Principles of dynamic programming. Bellman’s principle of optimality. D2
Stage variables and State variables. Use of tabulation to solve maximum, D2

minimum, minimax or maximin problems.
Two person zero-sum games and the pay-off matrix. D2

Identification of play safe strategies and stable solutions (saddle points).
Reduction of pay-off matrices using dominance arguments. D2

Optimal mixed strategies for a game with no stable solution.
(i) by use of graphical methods for 2 × n or n × 2 games where n = 1, 2, 3 or 4
or
(ii) by conversion of higher order games to linear programming problems that
can then be solved by the Simplex algorithm.
Use of recurrence relations to model appropriate problems.
Solution of first and second order linear homogeneous and non-homogeneous

recurrence relations.
Use, construct and interpret simple decision trees.
Use of expected monetary values (EMVs) and utility to compare alternative
courses of action.
vel 3 Advanced GCE in Further Mathematics (9MF0)
2008 Specification
Topic Content
Proof Proof by mathematical induction.
Algebra and functions Completing the square. Solution of quadratic

equations.
Complex numbers Complex solutions of quadratic equations with real
coefficients.
Complex numbers Conjugate complex roots of polynomial equations
with real coefficients.
Complex numbers Sum, product and quotient of complex numbers.
Complex numbers Definition of complex numbers in the form a + ib and

r cos θ + i r sin θ.
Complex numbers Geometrical representation of complex numbers in

the Argand diagram.
Further Complex Loci and regions in the Argand diagram.

Numbers
Further Complex De Moivre’s theorem and its application to
Numbers trigonometric identities and to roots of a complex
number.
Further Complex Euler’s relation eiθ = cos θ + i sin θ.

Numbers
Matrix Algebra Addition and subtraction of matrices.

Matrix Algebra Multiplication of a matrix by a scalar.
Matrix Algebra Products of matrices.
Matrix Algebra Linear transformations of column vectors in two

dimensions and their matrix representation.
Matrix Algebra Combinations of transformations.

Further Matrix Linear transformations of column vectors in two and
Algebra three dimensions and their matrix representation.
Matrix Algebra Evaluation of 2 × 2 determinants.

Further Matrix Evaluation of 3 × 3 determinants.
Algebra
Matrix Algebra Inverse of 2 × 2 matrices.

Further Matrix Inverse of 3 × 3 matrices.
Algebra
Series Summation of simple finite series.
Series Summation of simple finite series using the method

of differences.
Maclaurin and Taylor Derivation and use of Maclaurin series.
series
Integration Evaluation of volume of revolution.
Integration Simple cases of integration using partial fractions.
Differentiation Differentiation of inverse functions, including

trigonometric and hyperbolic functions.
Integration Integration using hyperbolic and trigonometric

substitutions.
Vectors Vector equation of lines.
Vectors The equation of a plane in the forms

r.n = p, r = a + sb + tc.
Vectors The scalar product. Its use for calculating the angle
between two lines.
between two lines.
Vectors Use of vectors in problems involving points, lines and
planes.
Polar Coordinates Polar coordinates (r, θ ), r ≥ 0.
Polar Coordinates Use of the formula 1/2 ∫ r2 dθ.

Hyperbolic functions Definition of the six hyperbolic functions in terms of
exponentials. Graphs and properties of the
hyperbolic functions.
Differentiation Differentiation of hyperbolic functions and

expressions involving them.
Integration Integration using hyperbolic and trigonometric
substitutions.
Hyperbolic functions Inverse hyperbolic functions, their graphs, properties
and logarithmic equivalents.
Integration Integration of hyperbolic functions and expressions

involving them.
First Order First order linear differential equations of the form
Differential dy/dx + Py = Q where P and Q are functions of x.
Equations
First Order Further solution of first order differential equations

Differential with separable variables.
Equations
Further kinematics Kinematics of a particle moving in a straight line

when the acceleration is a function of the
displaement (x) or time (t).
Second Order The linear second order differential equation a

Differential d2y/dx2 + b dy/dx + cy = f(x) where a, b and c are
Equations real constants and the particular integral can be
found by inspection or trial.
Further dynamics Simple harmonic motion.
Further motion of Damped and/or forced harmonic motion.

particles in one
dimension
Maclaurin and Taylor Derivation and use of Taylor series.

series
Maclaurin and Taylor Use of Taylor series method for series solutions of
series differential equations.
First Order Differential equations reducible to the above types
Differential by means of a given substitution.
Equations
Second Order Differential equations reducible to the above types

Differential by means of a given substitution.
Equations
Coordinate systems Cartesian equations for the parabola and rectangular

hyperbola.
Further Coordinate Cartesian and parametric equations for the ellipse
Systems and hyperbola.
Coordinate systems The focus-directrix property of the parabola.
Further Coordinate The focus-directrix properties of the ellipse and

Systems hyperbola, including the eccentricity.
Further Coordinate Tangents and normals to these curves.
Systems
Further Coordinate Simple loci problems.
Systems
Vectors The vector product a × b and the triple scalar
product a . b × c.
planes.
Inequalities The manipulation and solution of algebraic

inequalities and inequations, including those
involving the modulus sign.
Integration The derivation and use of simple reduction formulae.
Integration The calculation of arc length and the area of a

surface of revolution.
Further Matrix Eigenvalues and eigenvectors of 2×2 and 3×3
Algebra
Further Matrix matrices.
Reduction of symmetric matrices to diagonal form.
Algebra

Numbers
Further Complex Elementary transformations from the z-plane to the
Numbers w-plane.
Discrete random Mean and variance of a discrete random variable.

variables
The Binomial and The binomial and Poisson distributions.

Poisson distributions
The Binomial and The mean and variance of the binomial and Poisson
Poisson distributions distributions.
The Binomial and The use of the Poisson distribution as an

Poisson distributions approximation to the binomial distribution.
Hypothesis tests Hypothesis tests for the parameter p of a binomial

distribution and for the mean of a Poisson
distribution.
Estimation, The distribution of the sample mean X.

and tests
Goodness of fit and The null and alternative hypotheses. The use of Σ (Oi
contingency tables - Ei)2 / Ei as an approximate statistic.
Goodness of fit and Degrees of freedom.

contingency tables
Quality of tests and Type I and Type II errors.

estimators Size and Power of Test.
The power test.
Assessment of the quality of estimators
Correlation and Scatter diagrams. Linear regression.

regression
Continuous random The concept of a continuous random variable.

variables
Continuous random The probability density function and the cumulative

variables distribution function for a continuous random
variable.
Representation and Skewness. Concepts of outliers.

summary of data
Continuous random Relationship between density and distribution

variables functions.
Continuous random Mean and variance of continuous random variables.
variables
Continuous random Mode, median and quartiles of continuous random

variables variables.
Continuous The continuous uniform (rectangular) distribution.
distributions
Correlation and The product moment correlation coefficient, its use,
regression interpretation and limitations.
Regression and Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient, its use,

correlation interpretation and limitations.
Regression and Testing the hypothesis that a correlation is zero.

correlation
Combinations of Distribution of linear combinations of independent

random variables Normal random variables.
Estimation, Concepts of standard error, estimator, bias.
and tests
Estimation, Concept of a confidence interval and its

confidence intervals interpretation.
and tests
Estimation, Confidence limits for a Normal mean, with variance

confidence intervals known.
and tests
Estimation, Hypothesis test for the difference between the

confidence intervals means of two Normal distributions with variances
and tests known.
Estimation, Use of large sample results to extend to the case in

confidence intervals which the population variances are unknown.
and tests
One-sample Hypothesis test and confidence interval for the

procedures variance of a Normal distribution.
Two-sample Hypothesis test that two independent random
procedures samples are from Normal populations with equal
variances.
One-sample Hypothesis test and confidence interval for the mean

procedures of a Normal distribution with unknown variance.
Two-sample Paired t-test.

procedures
Two-sample Hypothesis test and confidence interval for the

procedures difference between two means from independent
Normal distributions when the variances are equal
but unknown.
Use of the pooled estimate of variance.
Dynamics of a Momentum and impulse. The impulse-momentum

particle moving in a principle. The principle of conservation of
straight line or plane momentum applied to two particles colliding
directly.
Collisions Momentum as a vector. The impulse-momentum

principle in vector form. Conservation of linear
momentum.
Work and energy Kinetic and potential energy, work and power. The
work-energy principle. The principle of conservation
of mechanical energy.
Elastic strings and Elastic strings and springs. Hooke’s law.

springs
Elastic strings and Energy stored in an elastic string or spring.
springs
Collisions Direct impact of elastic particles. Newton’s law of
restitution. Loss of mechanical energy due to
impact.
Collisions Successive impacts of up to three particles or two

particles and a smooth plane surface.
Elastic collisions in Oblique impact of smooth elastic spheres and a
two dimensions smooth sphere with a fixed surface.
Motion in a circle Angular speed.

Motion in a circle Radial acceleration in circular motion. The forms rω2
and v2 / r are required.
Motion in a circle Uniform motion of a particle moving in a horizontal
circle.
Motion in a circle Motion of a particle in a vertical circle.
Moments Moment of a force.

Kinematics of a Centre of mass of a discrete mass distribution in one
particle moving in a and two dimensions.
Kinematics of a Centre of mass of uniform plane figures, and simple

particle moving in a cases of composite plane figures.
Kinematics of a Simple cases of equilibrium of a plane lamina.

particle moving in a
Statics of rigid bodies Centre of mass of uniform rigid bodies and simple
composite bodies.
Statics of rigid bodies Simple cases of equilibrium of rigid bodies.
Applications of The analysis of simple systems of forces in three

vectors in mechanics dimensions acting on a rigid body.
Further dynamics Newton's laws of motion for a particle moving in one

dimension when the applied force is variable.
Further dynamics Simple harmonic motion.

Further dynamics Oscillations of a particle attached to the end of an
elastic string or spring.
Further kinematics Kinematics of a particle moving in a straight line

when the acceleration is a function of the
displaement (x) or time (t).
Algorithms The general ideas of algorithms and the

implementation of an algorithm given by a flow chart
or text.
Algorithms Students should be familiar with bin packing, bubble

sort, quick sort, binary search.
Algorithms on graphs The minimum spanning tree (minimum connector)

problem. Prim’s and Kruskal’s (greedy) algorithm.
Algorithms on graphs Dijkstra’s algorithm for finding the shortest path.
The route inspection Algorithm for finding the shortest route around a
problem network, travelling along every edge at least once
and ending at the start vertex. The network will
have up to four odd nodes.
The travelling The practical and classical problems. The classical

salesman problem problem for complete graphs satisfying the triangle
inequality.
The travelling Determination of upper and lower bounds using

salesman problem minimum spanning tree methods.
The travelling The nearest neighbour algorithm.
salesman problem
Critical path analysis Modelling of a project by an activity network, from a

precedence table.
Critical path analysis Completion of the precedence table for a given
activity network.
Critical path analysis Algorithm for finding the critical path. Earliest and
latest event times. Earliest and latest start and
finish times for activities.
Critical path analysis Total float. Gantt (cascade) charts. Scheduling.
Linear programming Formulation of problems as linear programs.
Further linear The use and meaning of slack variables.

programming
Linear programming Graphical solution of two variable problems using
ruler and vertex methods
Linear programming Consideration of problems where solutions must have
integer values.
Further linear The Simplex algorithm and tableau for maximising
programming problems.
Transportation The north-west corner method for finding an initial

problems basic feasible solution.
Transportation use of the stepping stone method for obtaining an
problems improved solution. Improvement indices.
Transportation Formulation as a linear programming problem.
problems
Allocation Cost matrix reduction.
(assignment)
problems
Allocation Use of the Hungarian algorithm to find least cost

(assignment) allocation.
problems
Allocation Modification of method to deal with a maximum

(assignment) profit allocation.
problems
Allocation Formulation as a linear programming problem.

(assignment)
problems
Flows in networks Cuts and their capacity.

Flows in networks Algorithm for finding a maximum flow.
Flows in networks Use of the max flow — min cut theorem to verify
that a flow is a maximum flow.
Flows in networks Multiple sources and sinks.
Dynamic Principles of dynamic programming. Bellman’s

programming principle of optimality.
Dynamic Stage variables and State variables. Use of tabulation
programming to solve maximum, minimum, minimax or maximin
problems.
Game theory Two person zero-sum games and the pay-off matrix.
Identification of play safe strategies and stable
solutions (saddle points).
Game theory Reduction of pay-off matrices using dominance

arguments. Optimal mixed strategies for a game with
no stable solution.
Conversion of 3 × 2 and 3×3 games to linear
Notes
Knowledge of arg(z1z2) = arg(z1)+arg(z2) was

specifically not required in FP1 but is in new
specification.
Sums of series is new to 2017 specification.
Implied in old specification.

Derive formulae is new to 2017 specification.

Cartesian form is new to 2017 specification.
Use extends further than old specification by going on

to find the angle between two planes and then angle
between a plan and a line.
Knowledge of the effects of coding is new to 2017

specification.
Radial and tangential acceleration in circular motion

is new to 2017 specification.
Centre of mass of framework is new to 2017

specification.
Framework is new to 2017 specification.

Function of velocity is new to 2017 specification.
Floyd's algorithm is new to 2017 specification.

Content of this document is based on the ACCREDITED version of Pearson Edexcel Level
2017 Specification
Topic
Compulsory Core Pure Mathematics
Proof
Complex numbers
Complex numbers
Complex numbers
Complex numbers
Complex numbers
Complex numbers
Complex numbers
Matrices
Matrices
Matrices
Matrices
Matrices
Matrices
Matrices
Matrices
Matrices
Matrices
Further algebra and

functions
Further algebra and
functions
Further algebra and

functions
Further calculus
Further vectors
Further vectors
Further vectors
Further vectors
Further vectors
Further Pure Mathematics 1 (50% of FP1 from A level Further Maths)

Coordinate systems
Coordinate systems
Coordinate systems
Coordinate systems
Further vectors
Further vectors
Inequalities
Further Pure Mathematics 2 (50% of FP2 from A level Further Maths)

Groups
Groups
Groups
Groups

Number theory
Number theory
Number theory
Number theory
series
series
series
Further Statistics 1 (50% of FS1 from A level Further Maths)
distributions
distributions
Poisson & binomial
distributions
Poisson & binomial

distributions
Poisson & binomial

distributions
Chi squared tests
Chi squared tests

Chi squared tests
Further Statistics 2 (50% of FS2 from A level Further Maths)

Linear regression
Linear regression
Linear regression
distributions
distributions
distributions
distributions
distributions
Correlation
Correlation
Further Mechanics 1 (50% of FM1 from A level Further Maths)

Work and energy

dimension

dimension
Further Mechanics 2 (50% of FM2 from A level Further Maths)
Motion in a circle

figures

figures

figures
Decision Mathematics 1 (50% of D1 from A level Further Maths)

theory

theory
theory
Linear programming
Linear programming
Decision Mathematics 2 (50% of D2 from A level Further Maths)

problems
problems
problems
Flows in networks
Flows in networks
Flows in networks
Game theory
Game theory
Game theory
s document is based on the ACCREDITED version of Pearson Edexcel Level 3 Advanced Subsidiary
= new to 2017
2017 Specification 200
Content Module
Pure Mathematics Compulsory Further Pure
Construct proofs using mathematical induction. Contexts include sums of Mathematics
FP1
series, divisibility and powers of matrices.
Solve any quadratic equation with real coefficients. Solve cubic or C1
quartic equations with real coefficients.
FP1
FP1
Add, subtract, multiply and divide complex numbers in the form x + iy FP1
with x and y real. Understand and use the terms ‘real part’ and
‘imaginary part’.
FP1
Understand and use the complex conjugate. FP1

Know that non-real roots of polynomial equations with real coefficients
occur in conjugate pairs.
Use and interpret Argand diagrams. FP1
Convert between the Cartesian form and the modulus-argument form of FP1
a complex number.
Multiply and divide complex numbers in modulus argument form. FP1
Construct and interpret simple loci in the argand diagram such as | z - a FP2
| > r and arg (z - a) = θ.
Add, subtract and multiply conformable matrices. Multiply a matrix by a FP1
scalar. FP1
FP1
Understand and use zero and identity matrices.
Use matrices to represent linear transformations in 2-D. Successive FP1
transformations. Single transformations in 3-D.
FP1
FP2
Find invariant points and lines for a linear transformation.

Calculate determinants of 2 x 2 and 3 x 3 matrices and interpret as scale FP1
factors, including the effect on orientation.
Calculate determinants of 2 x 2 and 3 x 3 matrices and interpret as scale
factors, including the effect on orientation. FP3
Understand and use singular and non-singular matrices. Properties of

inverse matrices.
Calculate and use the inverse of non-singular 2 x 2 matrices and 3 x 3 FP1
matrices. FP3
Solve three linear simultaneous equations in three variables by use of

the inverse matrix.
Interpret geometrically the solution and failure of solution of three
simultaneous linear equations.
Understand and use the relationship between roots and coefficients of
polynomial equations up to quartic equations.
Form a polynomial equation whose roots are a linear transformation of
the roots of a given polynomial equation (of at least cubic degree).
Understand and use formulae for the sums of integers, squares and FP1
cubes and use these to sum other series.
Derive formulae for and calculate volumes of revolution. C4
Understand and use the vector and Cartesian forms of an equation of a C4
straight line in 3-D.
Understand and use the vector and Cartesian forms of the equation of a FP3
plane.
Calculate the scalar product and use it to express the equation of a C4
plane, and to calculate the angle between two lines, the angle between
two planes and the angle between a line and a plane.
Check whether vectors are perpendicular by using the scalar product. C4
Find the intersection of a line and a plane. FP3

Calculate the perpendicular distance between two lines, from a point to
a line and from a point to a plane.
thematics 1 (50% of FP1 from A level Further Maths)

The t-formulae.
Applications of t-formulae to trigonometric identities.
Applications of t-formulae to solve trigonemetric equations.
Parametric equations for the parabola. FP1
The focus-directrix properties of the parabola. FP1
Tangents and normals to these curves. FP3

Simple loci problems. FP3
The vector product a · b of two vectors. FP3

The scalar triple product a · b · c
The manipulation and solution of algebraic inequalities and inequations. FP2
thematics 2 (50% of FP2 from A level Further Maths)

The Axioms of a group.
Examples of groups. Cayley tables. Cyclic groups.
The order of a group and the order of an element. Subgroups.
Lagrange’s theorem.
Eigenvalues and eigenvectors of 2×2 matrices. FP3
Reduction of matrices to diagonal form. FP3
The use of the Cayley- Hamilton theorem.

Further loci and regions in the Argand diagram.
An understanding of the division theorem and its application to the

Euclidean Algorithm and congruences.
Bezout's identity.
Modular arithmetic. Understanding what is meant by two integers a and
b to be congruent modulo an integer n. Properties of congruences.
Divisibility Tests.
First order recurrence relations.
The solution of recurrence relations to obtain closed forms.
Proof by induction of closed forms.
s 1 (50% of FS1 from A level Further Maths)

Calculation of the mean and variance of simple discrete probability S1
distributions.
The Poisson distribution. S2

The additive property of Poisson distributions.
The mean and variance of the binomial distribution and the Poisson S2
distribution.
The use of the Poisson distribution as an approximation to the binomial S2

distribution.
Goodness of fit tests & Contingency Tables. S3

The null and alternative hypotheses.
The use of Σ (Oi - Ei)2 / Ei as an approximate statistic.
Degrees of freedom. S3
s 2 (50% of FS2 from A level Further Maths)

Least squares linear regression. The concept of residuals and minimising S1
the sum of squares of residuals.
Residuals.
The residual sum of squares (RSS).
The concept of a continuous random variable. S2
The probability density function and the cumulative distribution function
for a continuous random variable.
S2
Idea of skewness S1
Relationship between probability density and cumulative distribution S2

functions.
Mean and variance of continuous random variables. S2

Mode, median and percentiles of continuous random variables. S2
The continuous uniform (rectangular) distribution. S2
Use of formulae to calculate the correlation coefficient. Knowledge of S1

the conditions for the use of the product moment correlation
coefficient. A knowledge of the effects of coding will be expected.
Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient, its use, interpretation and S3

limitations.
cs 1 (50% of FM1 from A level Further Maths)
Momentum and impulse. The impulse-momentum principle. The M1
principle of conservation of momentum applied to two spheres colliding
directly.
M1
Kinetic and potential energy, work and power. The work- energy M2
principle. The principle of conservation of mechanical energy.
Direct impact of elastic spheres. Newton’s law of restitution. Loss of M2

mechanical energy due to impact.
Successive impacts of spheres and/or a spheres with a smooth plane M2

surface.
cs 2 (50% of FM2 from A level Further Maths)
Angular speed. v = rω. M3
Radial acceleration in circular motion. M3
The forms rω2 and v2 / r are required.
Uniform motion of a particle moving in a horizontal circle.
M3
Moment of a force. Centre of mass of a discrete mass distribution in one M2

and two dimensions. M2
Centre of mass of uniform plane figures, and simple cases of composite M2

plane figures.
Centre of mass of frameworks.
Simple cases of equilibrium of a plane lamina or framework. M2
atics 1 (50% of D1 from A level Further Maths)

The general ideas of algorithms and the implementation of an algorithm D1
given by a flow chart or text.
Bin packing, bubble sort and quick sort. D1
Use of the order of the nodes to determine whether a graph is Eulerian,

semi-Eulerian or neither.
The minimum spanning tree (minimum connector) problem. Prim’s and D1
Kruskal’s (greedy) algorithm.
Dijkstra’s algorithm for finding the shortest path. D1

Algorithm for finding the shortest route around a network, travelling D1

along every edge at least once and ending at the start vertex (The Route
Inspection Algorithm).
Modelling of a project by an activity network, from a precedence table. D1
Completion of the precedence table for a given activity network. D1
Algorithm for finding the critical path. Earliest and latest event times. D1
Earliest and latest start and finish times for activities.
Identification of critical activities and critical path(s).
Calculation of the total float of an activity. Construction of Gantt D1

(cascade) charts.
Formulation of problems as linear programs. D1
Graphical solution of two variable problems using objective line and D1

vertex methods including cases where integer solutions are required.
D1
atics 2 (50% of D2 from A level Further Maths)

Cost matrix reduction. D2
Use of the Hungarian algorithm to find a least cost allocation. D2
Modification of the Hungarian algorithm to deal with a maximum profit D2

allocation.
Cuts and their capacity. D2

Use of the labelling procedure to augment a flow to determine the D2
maximum flow in a network.
Use of the max–flow min–cut theorem to prove that a flow is a maximum D2
flow.
Two person zero-sum games and the pay-off matrix. D2
Identification of play safe strategies and stable solutions (saddle points).
Optimal mixed strategies for a game with no stable solution by use of D2

graphical methods for 2 × n or n × 2 games where n = 1, 2, 3 or 4.
Use of recurrence relations to model appropriate problems.

Solution of first order linear homogeneous and non-homogeneous

recurrence relations.
l Level 3 Advanced Subsidiary GCE in Further Mathematics (8MF0)
2008 Specification
Topic Content
Compulsory Further Pure Compulsory Further Pure Mathematics
Mathematics
Proof Proof by mathematical induction.
Algebra and functions Completing the square. Solution of quadratic

equations.
Complex numbers Complex solutions of quadratic equations with real
coefficients.

Complex numbers Geometrical representation of complex numbers in

the Argand diagram.

Numbers
Matrix Algebra Addition and subtraction of matrices.
Matrix Algebra Multiplication of a matrix by a scalar.
Matrix Algebra Products of matrices.
Matrix Algebra Linear transformations of column vectors in two

dimensions and their matrix representation.
Matrix Algebra Combinations of transformations.

Further Matrix Linear transformations of column vectors in two and
Algebra three dimensions and their matrix representation.
Matrix Algebra Evaluation of 2 × 2 determinants.

Further Matrix Evaluation of 3 × 3 determinants.

Algebra
Matrix Algebra Inverse of 2 × 2 matrices.

Further Matrix Inverse of 3 × 3 matrices.
Algebra
Series Summation of simple finite series.
Integration Evaluation of volume of revolution.

Vectors Vector equation of lines.
Vectors The equation of a plane in the forms

r.n = p, r = a + sb + tc.
between two lines.
between two lines.
planes.
Coordinate systems Cartesian equations for the parabola and rectangular

hyperbola.
Coordinate systems The focus-directrix property of the parabola.
Further Coordinate Tangents and normals to these curves.

Systems
Further Coordinate Simple loci problems.

Systems
Vectors The vector product a × b and the triple scalar
product a . b × c.
Inequalities The manipulation and solution of algebraic
inequalities and inequations, including those
involving the modulus sign.
Further Matrix Eigenvalues and eigenvectors of 2×2 and 3×3

Algebra
Further Matrix matrices.
Reduction of symmetric matrices to diagonal form.
Algebra

Numbers
Discrete random Mean and variance of a discrete random variable.

variables
The Binomial and The binomial and Poisson distributions.

Poisson distributions
The Binomial and The mean and variance of the binomial and Poisson
Poisson distributions distributions.
The Binomial and The use of the Poisson distribution as an

Poisson distributions approximation to the binomial distribution.
Goodness of fit and The null and alternative hypotheses. The use of Σ (Oi
contingency tables - Ei)2 / Ei as an approximate statistic.
Goodness of fit and Degrees of freedom.

contingency tables
Correlation and Scatter diagrams. Linear regression.

regression
Continuous random The concept of a continuous random variable.

variables
Continuous random The probability density function and the cumulative

variables distribution function for a continuous random
variable.
Representation and Skewness. Concepts of outliers.

summary of data
Continuous random Relationship between density and distribution

variables functions.
Continuous random Mean and variance of continuous random variables.
variables
Continuous random Mode, median and quartiles of continuous random

variables variables.
Continuous The continuous uniform (rectangular) distribution.
distributions
Correlation and The product moment correlation coefficient, its use,
regression interpretation and limitations.
Regression and Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient, its use,

correlation interpretation and limitations.

straight line or plane momentum applied to two particles colliding
directly.
straightMathematics
Further line or plane momentum
(2008) content applied to two particles colliding
directly.
Work and energy Kinetic and potential energy, work and power. The
work-energy principle. The principle of conservation
of mechanical energy.
Collisions Direct impact of elastic particles. Newton’s law of

restitution. Loss of mechanical energy due to
impact.
Collisions Successive impacts of up to three particles or two

particles and a smooth plane surface.
Motion in a circle Angular speed.

Motion in a circle Radial acceleration in circular motion. The forms rω2
and v2 / r are required.
Motion in a circle Uniform motion of a particle moving in a horizontal
circle.
Moments Moment of a force.
Kinematics of a Centre of mass of a discrete mass distribution in one
particle moving in a and two dimensions.
Kinematics of a Centre of mass of uniform plane figures, and simple

particle moving in a cases of composite plane figures.
Kinematics of a Simple cases of equilibrium of a plane lamina.

particle moving in a
Algorithms The general ideas of algorithms and the

implementation of an algorithm given by a flow chart
or text.
Algorithms Students should be familiar with bin packing, bubble

sort, quick sort, binary search.
Algorithms on graphs The minimum spanning tree (minimum connector)

problem. Prim’s and Kruskal’s (greedy) algorithm.
Algorithms on graphs Dijkstra’s algorithm for finding the shortest path.

The route inspection Algorithm for finding the shortest route around a
problem network, travelling along every edge at least once
and ending at the start vertex. The network will
have up to four odd nodes.
Critical path analysis Modelling of a project by an activity network, from a

precedence table.
Critical path analysis Completion of the precedence table for a given
activity network.
Critical path analysis Algorithm for finding the critical path. Earliest and
latest event times. Earliest and latest start and
finish times for activities.
Linear programming Formulation of problems as linear programs.
Linear programming Graphical solution of two variable problems using

ruler and vertex methods
Linear programming Consideration of problems where solutions must have
integer values.
Allocation Cost matrix reduction.

(assignment)
problems
Allocation Use of the Hungarian algorithm to find least cost

(assignment) allocation.
problems
Allocation Modification of method to deal with a maximum

(assignment) profit allocation.
problems
Flows in networks Cuts and their capacity.

Flows in networks Algorithm for finding a maximum flow.
Flows in networks Use of the max flow — min cut theorem to verify
that a flow is a maximum flow.
Game theory Two person zero-sum games and the pay-off matrix.
Identification of play safe strategies and stable
solutions (saddle points).
Game theory Reduction of pay-off matrices using dominance

arguments. Optimal mixed strategies for a game with
no stable solution.
Conversion of 3 × 2 and 3×3 games to linear
8MF0)
Notes
Compulsory Compulsory
Further Pure Further Pure
Mathematics Mathematics
Knowledge of arg(z1z2) = arg(z1)+arg(z2) was

specifically not required in FP1 but is in new
specification.
Implied in old specification.

Derive formulae is new to 2017 specification.

Only the cartesian form is new to 2017 specification.
Use extends further than old specification by going on

to find the angle between two planes and then angle
between a plan and a line.
Knowledge of the effects of coding is new to 2017

specification.
Centre of mass of framework is new to 2017

specification.
Framework is new to 2017 specification.
Floyd's algorithm is new to 2017 specification.

Compulsory Compulsory Compulsory Compulsory Compulsory

Further Pure Further Pure Further Pure Further Pure Further Pure
Mathematics Mathematics Mathematics Mathematics Mathematics




































































































Compulsory Compulsory
Further Pure Further Pure
Mathematics Mathematics

GCE 2017 and GCE 2008 Content Mapping

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Mapping of the new GCE Mathematics and Further Mathematics (2017) content to GCE Mathematics and Further Mathematics

Algebra and functions Interpret algebraic solution of equations graphically; use

S1 Mathematical models The basic ideas of mathematical modelling as

Coordinate geometry in Be able to use straight line models in a variety of contexts.

Coordinate geometry in the Use parametric equations in modelling in a variety of

Sequences and series increasing sequences; decreasing sequences; periodic

Sequences and series Use sequences and series in modelling.

Trigonometry Understand and use expressions for acosθ + bsinθ in the

Trigonometry Use trigonometric functions to solve problems in context,

Differentiation Sketching the gradient function for a given curve.

Integration Interpret the solution of a differential equation in the

Numerical methods Understand how change of sign methods can fail.

Numerical methods Use numerical methods to solve problems in context.

S3 Sampling Other methods of sampling: stratified, systematic,

S3 Sampling Other methods of sampling: stratified, systematic,

S1 Representation and Measures of dispersion — variance, standard

Data presentation and Select or critique data presentation techniques in the

Hypothesis tests Critical region.

Simple cases of motion of a projectile.

Interpreting inequalities graphically is new to 2017

Remainder Theorem no longer required.

Not explicitly stated in old specification but covered.

Use in modelling not covered by old specification.

Not explicitly mentioned in old specification but

Extends further than the old specification by

Component and magnitude / direction form not

Section on correlation coefficients and p-values is new

Algebra and functions Interpret algebraic solution of equations graphically; use

Coordinate geometry in Be able to use straight line models in a variety of contexts.

Differentiation Sketching the gradient function for a given curve.

S3 Sampling Other methods of sampling: stratified, systematic,

S3 Sampling Other methods of sampling: stratified, systematic,

S1 Representation and Measures of dispersion — variance, standard

Further algebra and

Further Pure Mathematics 1

Further numerical methods

Further numerical methods

Further Pure Mathematics 2

Further matrix algebra

Further matrix algebra

Further complex numbers

Further sequences and

Poisson & binomial

Poisson & binomial

Geometric and negative

Geometric and negative

Chi squared tests

Chi squared tests

Chi squared tests

Other Hypothesis test and

Confidence intervals and

Confidence intervals and

Confidence intervals and

Momentum and impulse

Work and energy

Elastic strings and springs

Elastic strings and springs

Elastic collisions in one

Elastic collisions in one