M Prakash Institute MATHS CONCEPT BUILDING STD VI / VII

LECTURE 1-2 : BASIC PROPERTIES OF NUMBERS

SOLUTIONS AND ANSWER KEY

Example 1:

P and Q are two distinct points on a number line. If the number associated with
the point P is –3, and the distance between P and Q is 5 units, then find the
number/s associated with the point Q..

Solution:
P = -3 If PQ = 5 units , Q = (-3 -5 ) = {-8} OR (-3 +5 ) = {+2}

Ans: Q : {-8} OR {+2}

Example 2:
By using the digits 2, 3 and 5, how many three- digit numbers greater than 500 can
be formed, such that one digit occurs only once in each number?
Solution:
Probability of number of digits:
Hundred’s place Tens” place Units place
1 digit 2 digits 1 digit
Number of numbers : 1 x 2 x 1 = 2
Ans : 2
Example 3:
‘K’ is an even number. Which of the following is the 3rd odd number before ‘K’ in
serial order?
Solution:
M1: ( K + 1 ) – 6 = K -5 M2: (K -1 ) – 4 = K -5
NAs: K -5
HW assignment:
(1)How many odd numbers are there from 32 to 51?
Solution:
Total number of numbers:
Last number : 51 – First number 32 = 19 + 1 = 20 numbers
So, 10 numbers odd and 10 numbers even
Ans: 10
(2) How many multiples of 3 are there between 32 and 51?
Solution:
First multiple of 3 ≥ 32 : 33 ( 11th multiple)
Last multiple of 3 ≤ 51: 51 (17th multiple)
⸫ Number of multiples of 3 : (17 -11) + 1 =7
Ans : 7
Examples :
(1) What is the total of all odd numbers between 50 and 60?
Solution:
Total number of numbers from 50 to 60 : (60 -50) + 1 = 11
As both the end numbers are even, there are 5 odd and 6 even numbers
Sum of all odd numbers: Middle number x number of numbers
Middle number: (First Number + Last number ) ÷ 2 = (51 + 59) ÷ 2 = 55
Number of numbers : 5

Ans : 55 x 5 = 275

(2) In a bundle of notes of Rs. 50 denominations, there are notes numbered

from 17401 to 17485, arranged serially. What is the total amount in the bundle?
Solution:
Total number of notes : 17485 – 17401 : 84 + 1 =85
Total amount : 85 x 50 = 4250
Ans: Rs. 4,250/-

(3) Sum of 3 consecutive even numbers is 498. Find the difference in the
greatest and smallest number of the set.
Solution :
Difference in any three consecutive even numbers is always 4
Ans : 4
(To find the numbers : 498 ÷ 3 = 166 is the middle number of the series . So, the
numbers are 164,166, 168.)
 (4) The cost of an eraser and sharpener is Rs. 4.50. If the cost of sharpener is
Rs. 1.00 more than that of eraser, find the cost of the eraser.
Solution:
M1:
(4.50 -1 ) = 3.50 (Extra cost of sharpener kept aside)
3.50 ÷ 2 = 1.75
So, cost of eraser : Rs.1.75 ; Cost of sharpener : Rs. 2.75
M2:
𝑆𝑢𝑚+𝐷𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 4.50+1
Bigger number : = = 2.75 = Cost of sharpener
2 2
𝑆𝑢𝑚−𝐷𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 4.50−1
Smaller number : = = 1.75 = Cost of eraser
2 2

WHY THIS WORKS??

M3:
}1

} 1.75 each

S E
2.75 1.75
Ans: Rs. 2.75

(5) What should be added to 68 x 37 to make divisible by 5?

Solution:
M1 : 68 x 37 = 2,516 + 4 = 2520
M2: Unit’s place of the product of 68 x 37 will be 6 . (+4) will make it divisible by 5
Ans : 4
 (6) When number is multiplied by 17, instead of by 12, the product is greater
by 25. Find the number.
Solution:
(17 -12) = 5
If the product has increased by 25 with a difference of 5 in the numbers,
The number is 25 ÷ 5 = 5

Ans: 5

Tally : 17x5 (85) – 25 = 12 x 5 (60)

(7) When certain number is divided by 15, quotient is 22 and remainder is 9. If

the same number is divided by 22. what will be the remainder?
Solution :
M1: The number is : (22 x 15 ) + 9 = 339 .
339 ÷ 22 = Q : 15 , R = 9

FOOD FOR THOUGHT

In the above example, the divisor and quotient interchange, the remainder remains same.
Why has the trick worked?
Will this always work?
Eg: When certain number is divided by 15, quotient is 12 and remainder is 13. If the same
number is divided by 12. what will be the remainder?
Does the trick work here? Why?
Can you now compute examples where it works and where it does not?
 (8) How many three- digit numbers are divisible by 6 in all?
Solution:
Smallest 3- digit multiple of 6 (≥ 100) : 102 (17th multiple)
Greatest 3-digit multiple of 6 (≤ 999) : 996 ( 166th multiple)
Total number of 3-digit numbers divisible by 6 : (166 -17) + 1 =150
Ans: 150

FOOD FOR THOUGHT

Note that the answer here is 900 ÷ 6 where
900 is the total number of 3 -digit numbers and 6 is the divisor
Will this formula work every time?
Can you think of examples where it does not work and find Why?

(9) A hall 10 ft. by 2.5 ft. is to be paved with square tiles. What is the least
number of tiles required to cover the floor?
Solution: 4 tiles of 2.5 x 2.5
Ans: 4
 PRACTICE PROBLEMS
(1) (3P+2) is and odd number. Which is the 2nd next even number?
Solution:
(3P+ 2 ) + 1 + 2 OR (3P + 2 ) -1 +4 = 3P +5
Answer : (3P + 5)

(2) Find the sum of 3rd, 5th and 6th even numbers after 21.
Solution:
3rd even number : 21 – 1 + 6 = 16
5th even number : 21 – 1 + `10 = 30
6th even number : 32

Answer: 78

(3) ‘M’ is an even number. What will be serially the fifth odd number after M?
Solution: (M -1 ) +10 = (M +9)

Answer : (M +9)

(4) A patient was examined by a doctor first at 9.30, then second time at
10.20 third time at 11.30 and then at 1.00. In this order at what time will
the doctor examine him?
Solution:
1st gap : 10-20 – 9. 30 = 50 mins
2nd gap: 11.30 – 10.20 = 70 mins
3rd gap : 11.30 – 1.00 = 90 mins
So, next gap: 110 mins = 1 hr 50 mins after 1.00 pm : 2.50 pm
Ans: 2.50 pm
 (5) How many 3- digit even numbers can be formed using the digits 3,2,0?
Solution:
‘0’ cannot come in H’s place ; ‘3’ cannot come in unit’s place
Combination 1 : ‘2’ in H’s place : Only one number possible: 230
Combination 2 : ‘3’ in H’s place : Two numbers possible : 320 and 302
Ans : 3

(6) ‘Y’ is an even number which is exactly divisible by 7. Which is the 2nd odd
number exactly divisible by 7, in terms of ‘Y’?
Solution:
Multiples of 7 are alternate odd and even .
‘Y’ is even . So ‘Y’ + 7 is odd + 14 = ‘Y’ + 21 = 2nd odd
number exactly divisible by 7
As: ‘Y’ + 21

(7) In which of the following cases, the remainder will not be a zero?
(a) The double of any prime number divided by 2.
(b) The double of any even no divided by 4
(c ) Thome odd numbers divided by 3
Solution : (c) Double of odd number : Even number. Divided by 3 :
Some odd numbers x 2 is divisible by 3 ( Eg 3 , 9 ,etc)
Some odd numbers x 2 is not divisible by 3 (Eg . 1 ,5 , etc) .Then remainder ≠ 0
(8)Ketki, Kanchan and Kaveri have 43 pebbles in total. Kaveri has 7 pebbles more
than Ketki, but Kanchan has 4 pebbles less than Kaveri. Find how many more
pebbles Ketki should get so that she will have the same number of pebbles as
Kanchan has?
Solution:
If Ketki has x pebbles : Kaveri : x + 7 ; Kanchan : x + 7 -4 = x + 3
Total : x + x + 7 + x + 3 = 3x + 10 = 43
x = 11
Ketki : 11 ; Kaveri : 18 ; Kanchan : 14

(9) How many numbers above 3000 can be formed using the digits 3, 1,5,0, such
that each digit appears only once in each number?
Solution:
‘0’ and ‘1’ cannot come in Th place.
Digit probability chart
Th H T U
2 3 2 1

Number of numbers : 2x3x2x1 = 12 numbers

Ans: 12
(10)A number when divided by 169 leaves 91 as remainder. Find the remainder, if
same number is divided by 13.
Solution:
91 is divisible by 13. So, R is 0
Ans: 0

FOOD FOR THOUGHT

Can we determine the change in the new quotient without actual division?
If the remainder was 92 in the above example, can we determine the quotient
and the remainder without actual division if the number is divided by 13 now?

(11) Deepak has as many animals as he has birds. If the total number of the feet
of all the animals and birds with him is 168, find the number of birds Deepak has.
Solution:
Animals : 4 feet Birds : 2 feet
M1: Number of feet of animals = 2 x number of feet of birds
168 /3 = 56 feet of birds ; 56 / 2 : 28 birds. Same no of animals
M2:
168-56 = 112 feet of animals
So ,112 /4 = 28 animals M3
X animals : 4x feet + X birds : 2x = 6x feet = 168
X = 168 /6 = 28 :
Birds : 28 birds + 28 animals
Ans: 28
(12) If a number is multiplied by 19 instead of 17, product is greater by 34. Find
out the number.
Solution:
M1
Difference in multiplier : 2 ; Difference in product : 34
Number : 34 ÷ 2 = 17
M2
Let the number be ‘X’ ; 19X – 17X = 2X =34 ; X =17
Tally: 19 x 17 – 17 -17 = 34
Ans: 17

(13) Gajanan took a loan of Rs.3900 for his son’s education. He paid it in six
installments. Every consecutive installment was Rs.100 more than previous. How
much was his last installment?
Solution:
Instalments: ‘x’ , x + 100 , x + 200….. x + 500
Consecutive 5 : ‘x + 100’ to ‘x + 500’
Total : 6x + (100 ….500) = 6x + (300 x 5) = 6x + 1500 = 3900
6x = 3900 - 1500 = 2400; X = 400 : 1st instalment
Last instalment : x + 500 = 900
Ans: 900
Tally :
400 + 500 + …… + 900
Middle number : 400 + 900 = 1300 /2 = 650 ; Number of numbers : 6
Total : 650 x 6 = 3900
(14) –(15) Observe the following number line and answer the questions:
A B C D E F G H I

(14) Find the distance of the point associated with the opposite number of (-4)
from (-3)
Solution: Opposite number of (-4) : 4
Distance : ( 4 – (-3)) =7
Ans: 7

3
(15) If the coordinate of point X is - , between which two points does X fall?
4

Solution : Between 0 and -1

Ans: Between 0 and -1