CR-Pro Computed Radiology Imaging Device

Setup and Installation Guide

April 2010

Radlink, Inc.
2400 Marine Ave.
Redondo Beach, CA 90278
310-643-6900
310-643-6906 (fax)

00.09-002A
© Copyright 2008 by Radlink, Inc
All rights reserved
Printed in USA

Specifications and product and/or service offerings are subject to change without
notice. The information in this book is provided for informational proposes only.
It is subject to change without notice. Radlink, Inc. assumes no liability for any
errors or inaccuracies that may appear in this book.

No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or

transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying,
recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of Radlink, Inc.

Radlink Inc.
2400 Marine Ave
Redondo Beach, CA 90278
310-643-6900
310-643-6906 (fax)
www.radlink.com

1
 Preface

• THANK YOU – For purchasing the Radlink CR-Pro Computed Radiology

Imaging Device. This manual will assist you in learning all the functions of
your CR-Pro, from installation through operation. Please read each section
carefully.

• SAFETY - Read and follow all warning and safety instructions in this User’s
Manual and marked on the product. Not following the instructions may be
hazardous or illegal.

• INSTALLATION – Follow the Installation Instructions in this manual carefully.

Use only the supplied accessories. If parts are missing, contact Radlink
before proceeding.

• PRESCRIPTION USE STATEMENT

• CAUTION: FEDERAL LAW RESTRICTS THIS DEVICE TO SALE BY

OR ON THE ORDER OF A PHYSICIAN, RADIOLOGIST, DENTIST,
VETERINARIAN, CHIROPRACTOR OR ANY OTHER PRACTIONER
LICENSED BY THE LAW OF THE STATE IN WHICH HE PRACTICES
TO USE OR ORDER THE USE OF THE DEVICE.

• Furthermore, Federal law restricts the possession of this device to:

A person, or his agents or employees, regularly and lawfully engaged in the

manufacture, transportation, storage, or wholesale or retail distribution of
such device.

2
• SAFETY – Read and follow all warning and safety instructions in this User’s
Manual and marked on the product. Not following the instructions may be
hazardous or illegal.

• LIFTING HAZARD – The CR-Pro weighs 198 lbs (90 kg)

Do not attempt to lift the unit by one person. Always seek help from two
additional able bodied persons.

Lifting heavy equipment may result in serious injury to personnel or

damage to equipment and possibly adjacent surroundings.

• LASER SAFETY – The CR-Pro is a Class 1 Laser Device which utilizes a

125 mW solid state laser. The covers on the CR-Pro and the enclosed inner
housing protect the user from direct and indirect exposure when the unit is
operating. Under no circumstances are the covers to be removed while the
unit has power applied. Removing of the covers should be done only by a
qualified technician for servicing.

• FCC NOTICE “Declaration of Conformity Information” – This

equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A
digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are
designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a
commercial installation. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate
radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the
instructions, may cause interference to radio communications.

Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) is the ability of items of electronic

equipment to function properly together in the electronic environment.

3
 Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) is any signal or emission, radiated in free
space or conducted along power or signal leads, that endangers the
functioning of a radio navigation or other safety service or seriously degrades,
obstructs, or repeatedly interrupts a licensed radio communications service.
Radio communication services include, but are not limited to, AM/FM
commercial broadcast, television, cellular services, radar, air-traffic control,
pager and Personal Communication Services (PCS). These licensed
services, along with unintentional radiators such as digital devices, including
computers, contribute to the electromagnetic environment.

While this device has been designed and determined to be compliant with
regulatory agency limits for EMI, there is no guarantee that interference will
not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause interference
with radio communication services, which can be determined by turning the
device off and on, you are encouraged to correct the interference by one or
more of the following measures:

• Re-orient or relocate the receiving antenna.

• Relocate the device with respect to the receiver.

• Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver.

• Connect the equipment to an outlet on a circuit different than that

to which the receiver is connected.

• QUALIFIED SERVICE – All service must be performed by the factory or

an authorized service technician. There are no user replaceable parts inside
the CR Pro. DO NOT remove the covers as internal parts may be damaged,
the warranty will be voided and it may be hazardous to your health.

• SPACE REQUIREMENTS – The CR-Pro utilizes 36in (91.4cm)(w) x

24in( 61cm)(d) x 58in(147.3cm) (h) minimum.

• POWER REQUIREMENTS –

Domestic (U.S.): AC outlet 100V – 120VAC, 60 Hz, 5A

European: AC outlet 200V – 240VAC, 50Hz, 3A

4
 The AC outlet should be dedicated to the CR-Pro (no other devices
connected to this circuit) to prevent the possibility of injected line “noise “by
other devices.

FUSE – The input power is fused at the AC power input connector at the
bottom, right rear of the CR-Pro cabinet. The fuses are located in a box
directly above the input connector and are an integral part of the connector
assembly.
• Inside the box are two (2) fuses as follows:

Domestic 100 – 120VAC 5A Fuses (standard)

European 200 – 240VAC 3A Fuses (standard)

• ENVIRONMENT –

Temperature – 60ºF (19ºC) to 80ºF (32ºC) Operating

40ºF (4ºC) to 90ºF (33ºC) Non-operating
Relative Humidity – 20% to 80% non-condensing

Light – Phosphor plates are light sensitive and are erased if exposed to light.
The CR-Pro cassettes are light protected. However, light can penetrate the
CR-Pro light seal if bright light or sunlight is directed to the cassette slot on
top of the CR-Pro. Ambient light in the proximity of the CR-Pro should be kept
to a minimum.

• SHIPPING AND UNPACKING THE CR-PRO – The CR-Pro is

shipped in a custom designed box that protects the unit from shipping
damage. When the unit is returned for any reason, it must be package in the
original container. Retain all Interior protective parts and hardware for reuse.
• NOTE – Unit shall be unpacked and installed by authorized service
provider.

• CAUTION – The packing crate can be tipped when shipping and

moving and should be tethered to avoid tipping. The CR-Pro weighs 198
pounds and, even with attached casters, to avoid injury, it should not be
moved by less than two people. If lifted, such lifting should be
performed by professional movers or installers.

5
TABLE OF CONTENTS

Chapter 1: Hardware Installation

Chapter 2: Setup and Configuration

Chapter 3: Test Scan Guide

Chapter 4: Troubleshooting Guide

Chapter 5: Maintenance Procedures

Appendix
Hardware Specifications
Error Conditions and Actions
User Quality Assurance & Maintenance Program
DICOM Conformance Statement

6
 Introduction

The Radlink CR-Pro is a radiological device, which digitizes erasable phosphor

plates and transmits the image to an onboard computer for review, archiving or
forwarding to other facilities for further evaluation and archiving. The CR Pro only
utilizes cassettes manufactured by Radlink.

The CR Pro’s unique design makes it virtually maintenance free, as there are no
mirrors or galvanometers, which are subject to frequent adjustment. Additionally,
the CR Pro mechanism is shock mounted to allow for more reliable operation.

Multiple images may be sent simultaneously to the PACS hosts and the DICOM
Spooler handles multiple destinations and a DICOM broadcast capability. The
system also supports the opening of DICOM 3.0 files.

The CR Pro has relatively few controls and connections making the installation
process a quick and efficient procedure. Operating over the Ethernet port
requires the easy attachment of a CAT5/6 cable. The software completes the
remainder of the installation.

7
 Chapter 1

Hardware Installation

8
 Hardware Installation

1. Place the CR-Pro on a solid flat, leveled surface.

2. Plug the power cord to the AC Power Adapter located on the back of the
CR-Pro. (Figure 1)

3. Plug the end of the power cord to an available power outlet. A UPS/Line
conditioner is recommended. It is desirable to have the CR-Pro on an
isolated circuit to avoid conducted noise from other devices affecting the
quality of operation.

4. Plug one end of the Ethernet cable (Cat5/6) into the CR-Pro Ethernet port
(see Figure 1). Note: Do not route the Ethernet cable and the power cable
in close proximity as power cable radiation may affect transmission of
data.

6. Turn the Power ON/OFF switch on the back of the CR Pro to ON (see
Figure 1)

.
USB Port
Ethernet Port
Power ON/OFF Switch

AC Power Adapter

9
 Chapter 2

Setup Guide
and Configuration

10
STEP 1: Application Start Up

1. To start the application double click the Radlink Icon located on your
desktop. (Figure 1)

Figure 1

11
2. Image Pro software home screen will appear as Figure 2.

Figure 2

12
3. Verify that Scanner Status is lit green with READY. (Figure 3)

Figure 3

13
STEP 2: Calibration Procedure
Calibration of the CR PRO is required to compensate for any hardware
differences and should be performed at least once a month, depending on
usage. Recommended: A 14x17 inch cassette must be used for calibration. If a
smaller size cassette is used, banding will be apparent at the both sides of
scanned images when a larger cassette is used. Remove any grid that might be
present.

1. Expose Plate to Xray

Note: Expose the cassette on the side without the Radlink Label)
If distance is:
o 72” (measured from bottom of X-ray unit) at 70 Kvp, 30 MAs
o 40” (measured from bottom of X-ray unit) at 70 Kvp, 9 MAs

2. Rotate the cassette 180 degrees and expose with the same technique
used above.
3. Load Cassette Scan
Insert the exposed cassette in the CR Pro machine. (Figure 4)

Figure 4

14
4. Start Calibration
From the application Click Manage
CR Setup
Calibrate. (Figure 5)

The calibration process should take 3-4 minutes to complete.

Figure 5

5. Calibration - The CR Pro will scan the exposed plate in order to calibrate
the intensity to allow for the best possible images to be acquired from the
plate. Once scanned, the system will then go through a
second pass and erase the plate to normal levels. The
calibration process will take approximately 4 minutes. Do not
remove the cassette until calibration has been completed.
Note that if the cassette has not been exposed correctly an
error message will display (Figure 6).
Figure 6

6. Finished – The CR Pro is now calibrated and you can begin using it for
processing exposed plates. (To verify that the calibration has completed a
message will display in lower left hand corner. Scanner status bar will
display Scanner ready and turn green.)

15
 Chapter 3

Test Scan Procedure

16
STEP 1: Expose an Image
You are now ready to scan your first cassette. Expose an image using one of the
cassette(s) that you purchased.

Insert the exposed cassette in the slot on top of

the CR-Pro. (Figure 1) If you are using the small
(10” x 12”) cassette be sure to close the guides
snuggly around the cassette.

Figure 1

STEP 2: Startup Window

Launch the imaging software:
Double Click the Radlink Pro Imaging icon
(Figure 2).

Figure 2

17
STEP 3: Scan Cassette
Select New Patient to add or New Study to add an existing patient. For detailed
description of the functions and operations of the software and system, please
refer to the CR Pro Software Guide for Radiological Imaging or CR Pro Guide for
Veterinary Imaging.

Figure 3

18
STEP 4: Patient Info Window
Patient Information window will display, input the following:
ID, Sex, Last Name, First Name, Middle Name and Birthday
(MM/DD/YYYY format)

Then click Next button to continue.

Figure 4

19
20
STEP 5: Selecting Body Part

Figure 5

1. Input the same technique used when you expose the cassette.
2. Click Save
3. Click Scan CR button

21
STEP 6: Scan Cassette
The CR Pro will now begin digitizing your exposed image.

Figure 6

STEP 7: Auto Erasing

After the image has been processed the CR Pro will automatically begin the
erasing procedures.

Figure 5

Figure 7

22
STEP 8: Complete Study
A sample scan of a knee phantom is shown below.

Figure 8

For detailed description of the functions and operations of the software and
system, please refer to the CR Pro Software Guide for Radiological Imaging or
CR Pro Guide for Veterinary Imaging.

23
 Chapter 4

Troubleshooting Guide

24
 General Troubleshooting

Problem Action
No power to the CR Pro Ensure the monitor power is on. Check that the
Power Switch on the back of the CR Pro is “ON”
and unit is plugged into the surge protector or wall
receptacle. If problem persists contact your
authorized service provider.

Cassette Jam From the Acquisition Software Select “Manage”

“CR Setup” “Reset Plate”. If not resolved power off
the CR Pro and power back on. If problem
persists please contact your authorized service
provider.

“Cassette not Detected” Make certain that the cassette guides on the top
cover are firmly pressed against the cassette.

“Unable to unload Cassette” From the Acquisition Software Select “Manage”

“CR Setup” “Reset Plate”. Examine the cassette
clip on the bottom of the cassette. If loose or bent
contact your authorized your authorized service
provider.

Horizontal Lines Make certain that there are no overhead lights

above the CR Pro.
Artifacts on Images Confirm that artifacts are consistently appearing
with the same cassette. If so follow cassette
cleaning procedure in Chapter 5.

Grainy Images Has system been calibrated in the past 30 days?

If not please follow calibration instructions on
Chapter 2 Setup and Configuration.

Noise during scanning Contact your authorized service provider.

Note: For additional troubleshooting tips please refer to the CR Pro Software
Guide for Radiological Imaging or CR Pro Guide for Veterinary Imaging.

25
 Cassette Related Problems Troubleshooting

Symptom Possible Causes What To Do

Damage to outer • Rough handling by • Retrain technicians
enclosure technicians • Use a Cassette
• Patient contact during Protector to protect the
x-ray exposure cassette during the
exposure process.
• Return cassette to
Radlink for repair
Plate is not retained in • Bent or damaged • Contact Radlink
the outer enclosure when Snap-Lock clip Customer Support for
cassette is out of the unit, repair information
or the plate is not
extracted from or
returned to the cassette.
Problem is localized to
one cassette.
Damage to phosphor • Damage to outer • Retrain technicians
plate enclosure (see above) • Return cassette to
• Damaged during Radlink for repair
cleaning procedure
Image artifacts (spots • Contaminated • Clean phosphor plate
steaks, fingerprints etc.) phosphor plate • Return cassette to
are observed in the • Scratched phosphor Radlink for repair
scanned images. plate
Artifacts are localized to
one cassette.
Plate is not extracted • Possible problem with • Contact Radlink
from or returned to the CR Pro internal Customer Support for
cassette. Problem is components repair information
observed with several
different cassettes.
Vertical bands of varying • CR Pro is out of • Perform a calibration
density observed in the calibration procedure
scanned image. Problem • Contaminated scanner • Contact Radlink
is observed with several optics Customer Support for
different cassettes. repair information
“Crackling” sound emitted • Noise is generated • The sound may be
from the upper portion of when the edge of the heard when a new
the cassette when the plate contacts a cassette is first used.
plate is returned to the retaining spring inside The sound is not
cassette. of the cassette. indicative of a problem
with the cassette and
will diminish with use.

26
 Chapter 5

Maintenance Procedures

27
 CR ProTM Phosphor Plate Cassette Maintenance Procedure

The Phosphor Plate Imaging Cassette is a key component in the CR ProTM

Computed Radiography System. The CR Pro’s cassette is comprised of the outer
enclosure and the phosphor plate. The outer enclosure provides protection to the
phosphor plate to prevent physical damage and contamination. It also prevents
ambient light from reaching the phosphor plate. A small spring-steel clip called a
“Snap-Lock” is used to retain the phosphor plate within the cassette when it is not
being used.

The phosphor plate is comprised of a metal plate to which a plastic film has been
adhered. The outer layer of the plastic film is coated with a specially formulated
phosphor material. A white plastic strip is attached to the rear-side of the
phosphor plate. The white strip is used, in conjunction with light sensors installed
in the CR Pro unit, to monitor the location of the plate as it is transported through
the scanning and erase processes.

The following cassette handling and care guidelines should be followed to ensure
peak performance of the CR Pro system:

Storage and Handling

• Always store cassettes in an area away from possible stray X-Ray

radiation.
• Store cassettes in an area away from ambient sunlight and bright artificial
light.
• Always store the cassettes in an area that protects them from possible
physical damage.
• Cassettes should be stored resting on their long edge.
• Do not store cassettes by stacking them on top of each other as this may
result in damage to the phosphor plate.
• Always use care when handling the cassettes to prevent damage to the
outer enclosure and the phosphor plate.
• To prevent damage to the internal components of the CR Pro system,
always gently insert the cassette into the CR Pro. Never drop or slam the
cassette into the CR Pro unit.
• While exposing a cassette, do not allow the patient to come into direct
contact with the cassette as this may cause damage to the outer
enclosure or the phosphor plate.

28
Care and Cleaning

To ensure optimum performance from the cassettes and to eliminate potential

image artifacts, it is recommended that the cassettes be cleaned and inspected
once a month. It may be necessary to clean the cassettes more frequently if the
unit is used frequently or if it is installed in an unusually dusty environment such
as a veterinary clinic. The following procedure should be followed to clean and
inspect the cassette:

1. Inspect the outside of the cassette for physical damage. If damage is

observed, contact Radlink Customer Support at (310) 643-6900 for
information regarding available repair services.
2. Place the cassette on a flat surface with the Snap-Lock retaining clip
facing upward (see photo #1).

Snap-Lock Clip

Photo 1
3. Use the thumb on one hand to slightly lift the Snap-Lock while inserting a
small flat-bladed screwdriver between the cassette and the phosphor plate
(see photo #1).

29
4. Twist the screwdriver to extract the phosphor plate (see photo #2). To
prevent damaging the phosphor plate, do not apply pressure to the center
of the cassette while removing the plate.

Photo 2

Caution: In the next few steps, use caution when handling the exposed
plate. Handle the plate by the edges to prevent getting finger prints on
the surface of the phosphor plate.

5. Extract the phosphor plate from the cassette and place it face up on a flat
surface with the metal edge positioned beyond the edge of the work
surface. This orientation of the plate will prevent bending of the plate
during the cleaning process.
6. Dampen a lint-free cloth with either denatured or industrial grade isopropyl
alcohol.

30
7. Wipe the long edges of the plate to remove any accumulated residue (see
photo #3). Cleaning the edges of the plate will reduce the possibility of
dragging contamination from the edges of the plate onto the phosphor
surface when it is cleaned.
8. Dispose the dirty cleaning cloth after use.

Photo 3

9. Dampen a new lint-free cloth with either denatured or industrial grade

isopropyl alcohol.

31
10. Wipe the surface of the phosphor plate in the long direction with
overlapping stokes. Rotate the cleaning cloth to use a clean section as
you progress across the plate (see photo #4). NOTE: do not use a
circular motion when cleaning the plate as this may drag
contamination from the un-cleaned area of the plate back on to the
surfaces that have just been cleaned.

Wipe in this direction

Photo 4

11. Inspect the phosphor plate for any remaining foreign material; repeat the
cleaning process as necessary.
12. Inspect the phosphor plate for damage such as deep scratches, dents,
etc. If physical damage is observed, contact Radlink Customer Support.
13. Carefully reinsert the phosphor plate into the cassette.
14. Inspect the “Snap-Lock” retaining clip on the cassette. The clip should
retain the plate firmly. If the clip is bent or does not properly retain the
plate, contact Radlink Customer Support.

32
15. Turn the cassette over and clean the lower corners where the side and
bottom edges of the cassette join together (see photo #5).

Clean Here

Photo 5

16. This completes the cleaning and inspection procedure, the cassette can
now be returned to service.

33
 Appendix

34
CR-Pro Specifications
.

Table 1 –System Hardware Specifications

2100 Series Specification

Internal Computer Processor Intel Pentium 2.6GHz
Memory 1GB DIMM
Storage 500 Gb hard drive
Display Touchscreen 19 inch 1280x1024 display
Monitor
Input/Output USB2 DVD-RW
USB2 Keyboard 77 Key
Comm Port Ethernet 10/100/1000 Base T
Comm Port USB2

2200 Series Specification

Internal Computer Processor Intel Pentium 2.6GHz
Memory 2Gb DIMM
Storage 2 X 1 TB hard drive (RAID-1)
Display Touchscreen 19 inch 1280x1024 display
Monitor
Input/Output USB2 DVD-RW
USB2 Keyboard 77 Key
Comm Port Ethernet 10/100/1000 Base T
Comm Port USB2

35
 Table 2 – Hardware Specifications
Phosphor Plate Phosphor Plate Cassette
8” X 10” 9” x 11” (228.6mm X 279.4mm)
(203.2mm X 254.0mm)
10” X 12” 11” x 13“ (279.4mm X 330.2mm)
(254.0mm X 304.8mm)
14” X 17” 15” x 18” (381.0mm X430.8mm)
(355.6mm X 431.8mm)
14” X 34” 15” x 35.5 (381.0mm X 901.7mm)
(355.6mm X 870.4mm)
Scan time Scan Scan and Erase
8” x 10” 12.24 seconds 24.48 seconds
10” x 12” 18.36 seconds 37. 12 seconds
14” x 17” Plate 26 seconds 52 seconds
Interface USB or Ethernet
Dimensions 22”(w) x 21”(d) x 40”(h)
Weight 198 lbs.
Power Input voltage 100 to 120 VAC, 57 to 64Hz or
200 to 230 VAC, 47 to 54Hz
Input current 3.2A for 115 VAC 60 Hz
0.9A for 230 VAC 50 Hz
Internal voltage/current +5 V at 10A max
+12 V at 1A max
-12 V at 1A max
+24 V at 5A max
Laser Type Solid State
Power 125 mw
Resolution Spatial 2800 pixels over a 14.2 inch scan line

Grayscale 16 bits
Optical Density 0.00 to 4.00 Transition 5 pixels or less
range of density
Signal-to–noise 4 to 1 at 0 to 4.0 Optical 0.001 O.D. at density 1.5 O.D.
ratio Density
0.01 O.D. at density 2.5 O.D.
0.1 O.D. at density 3.5 O.D.
Geometry one pixel of true position over entire
film
Output format (All scan modes) 16 bit (65535 grayscale) max

36
 USER QUALITY ASSURANCE & MAINTENANCE
PROGRAM FOR THE CR-PRO
INTRODUCTION:
Understanding the basic fundamentals and automating the decisions involved in obtaining
good results of x-ray imaging is the foundation of the approach Radlink has taken in the
development of the CR Pro.

GENERAL:
The x-ray tube is essentially a point source of a cone-shaped beam of x-rays. The “x-
rays” themselves are composed of streams of “light” particles called photons, the same
photons that make up visible light, as from a flash light or ordinary light bulb. The
difference is the wavelength of the photons; x-ray photons are a thousand times shorter
wavelength than visible light. It is this short wavelength that allows x-rays to penetrate
objects. The shorter the wavelength, the easier it is for x-rays to penetrate more and more
dense objects. For example, longer wavelength x-rays can only go through flesh and not
bone, but shorter wavelengths can go through bone easily and create the images
necessary to “see” skeletal bone structure, etc.

CONSIDERATIONS THAT AFFECT CR IMAGES:

There are several factors that contribute to the latent image the x-rays leave on the CR
plate:

1. Distance from the x-ray source point to the imaging CR plate (SID).
2. Kilovolts applied to the x-ray tube determine maximum shortest wavelength for
penetration (kVp)
3. Product of the x-ray tube current and the time of exposure (mAs).
4. Filtration of the x-rays at the x-ray tube source, usually 1.5mm to 2.5mm of
aluminum, and sometimes copper on the order of 0.5mm thick. This filtration
removes a large part of the longest wavelengths.
5. Whether or not a “grid” is used to cut down scattered x-rays produced by thick
body parts that have the effect of “fogging” or reducing contrast in the image.
6. Thickness of the body part being x-rayed.
7. The sensitivity of the CR plate itself to the x-rays interacting with the phosphor
coating which stores the latent image.

These are the seven factors that the x-ray radiology technician (XRT) considers when
taking an x-ray of a patient. The table of these factors, developed by the XRT is known as
the “Techniques Chart.”

RADLINK’S APPROACH
Recognizing that no two XRTs will use the exact same Techniques Chart, and no two
sites will use the same techniques, Radlink has developed a proprietary techniques
algorithm that can store a generic Techniques Chart by body part. This Techniques
Chart takes into account the above factors. The XRT simply uses the generic Techniques

37
Chart to define the variables for each X-Ray. Or, better yet, if the site’s Techniques
Chart is known by Radlink prior to shipment, a customized Techniques Chart can be
loaded prior to the unit’s installation at the site. The XRT can then use the installed
Techniques Chart or expand it as required. This user-friendly approach simplifies the X-
Ray set up and provides for flexibility to tailor the image results.

38
 Radlink Inc.
CR-Pro Computed Radiology Imaging Device

DICOM Conformance Statement

1. Introduction
This document provides conformance by the Radlink CR Pro Computed
Radiology Imaging Device to the DICOM 3.0 standard as structured according to
the specification set forth in DICOM Part 2.

1.1 References
(1) ACR-NEMA V3.0 – Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine
(DICOM) v3.0 Final Draft 1993 Parts 1 through 9.

1.2 Acronyms and Abbreviations

The following symbols and abbreviations are used in this conformance
specification:

ACR American College of Radiology

AE Application Entity
CR Computed Radiography
DICOM Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine
DIMSE DICOM Message Service Element
DIMSE-C DICOM Message Service Element-Composite
DIMSE-N DICOM Message Service Element-Normalized
HIS Hospital Information System
IOD Information Object Definition
LUT Look-up Table
MDIS Medical Diagnostic Imaging Support
NEMA National Electrical Manufacturers Association
OSI Open Systems Interconnection
PACS Picture Archive and Communication System
PDU Protocol Data Unit
RSI Radiology Information System
SCP Service Class Provider
SCU Service Class User
SOP Service-Object Pair
TCP/IP Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol
UCP User Conformance Profile
UID Unique Identifier
VR Value Representation

39
2. Implementation Model
The CR Pro is a medical acquisition system that supports Computed
Radiography (CR). The CR Pro encompasses the following DICOM Application
Entities:

• CR Pro Image Transfer AE – to exchange images with other Application

Entities by the means of DICOM network exchange. It implements the
following Service Class:
o Storage SCU

• CR Pro MWL AE – to fetch modality worklist from a worklist manager. It

implements the following Service Class:
o DICOM Modality Worklist SCU

2.1 Image Transfer

The CR Pro, acting as a single Application Entity, digitizes an x-ray phosphor

plate image as a Computed Radiography Image and transmits the image to a
Server.

2.1.1 Application Data Flow Model

Figure 1 illustrates the following scenarios:

• Send a STORE Request to a remote DICOM AE when a study is

completed.

40
 DICOM
Standard Interface

Radlink
Radlink View Pro Server
CR Pro Application SCP
SCU

Figure 1: Image Transfer Data Flow Diagram

2.1.2 Functional Definitions of Application Entities

The CR Pro Image Transfer AE component operates in a separate thread,

allowing the CR Pro to continue to operate while the images are being
transferred. It is shut down when the application terminates.

The CR Pro Image Transfer AE uses a configuration file that contains the
information used to describe both local as well as remote Application
Entities. The configuration information can also be accessed from the CR
Pro GUI interface.

41
2.2 Modality Worklist

2.2.1 Application Data Flow

DICOM
Standard Interface

Radlink Modality
Radlink View Pro Worklist
CR Pro MWL AE SCP

Figure 2: Modality Worklist Data Flow Diagram

2.2.2 Functional Definitions of Application Entities

CR Pro MWL AE is used to query modality worklist information from a
remote DICOM device. It therefore performs the following tasks:

• Establish a DICOM Association with a remote DICOM device.

• Issues a request for a worklist to a remote DICOM device.

• Retrieves Modality Worklist from a remote DICOM device.

CR Pro MWL AE component operates as part of the Radlink View Pro

Application. It is shut down when the application terminates.

42
3. Radlink CR Pro Image Transfer AE Specifications

3.1 CR Pro Specifications

3.1.1 SCU Verification

This AE provides standard conformance as an SCU to the DICOM V3.0

SOP class for Verification as shown in Table 1.

Table 1: SOP Verification Classes

SOP Class SOP Class UID
Verification 1.2.840.10008.1.1

3.1.2 SCU Storage

This AE provides standard conformance as an SCU to the DICOM V3.0

SOP class for Computed Radiography Image Storage as shown in Table 2.

Table 2: SOP Storage Classes

SOP Class SOP Class UID
Computed Radiography Image 1.2.840.10008.5.1.4.1.1.1
Storage

3.2 Association Establishment Policies

3.2.1 General

The CR Pro creates Association Establishment Request for the server when
a Computed Radiography Image is to be sent. Maximum PDU size is 16K
Bytes.

3.2.2 Number of Associations

The CR Pro, acting as an Application Entity, can initiate one association

concurrently.

3.2.3 Asynchronous Nature

The default Synchronous Mode of operation is used on all Associations.

Asynchronous Mode is not supported.

43
 3.2.4 Implementation Identifying Information

The CR Pro Image Transfer AE is identified by the following ids:

Implementation Class UID: 1.2.250.1.59.2.43.86.243
Implementation Version Name: Radlink CR Pro

3.3 Association Initiation by Real World Activity

Related Real World Activity is the issuance of an Association with a remote

server when a Computed Radiograph Image is to be sent.

3.3.1 SOP Specific Conformance – Verification

This AE provides standard conformance as an SCU to the DICOM V3.0

SOP class for SOP Verification Classes as shown in Table 3.

Table 3: SOP Verification Classes

Abstract Syntax Transfer Syntax Role Extended
Negotiati
SOP SOP Class UID Name UID on
Class
Verification 1.2.840.10008.1.1 DICOM 1.2.840.10008.1 SC None
Implicit .2 U
VR
Little
Endian

3.3.2 Storage

This AE provides standard conformance as an SCU to the DICOM V3.0

SOP class for Computed Radiography Image Storage Classes as shown in
Table 4.
Table 4: SOP Storage Classes
Abstract Syntax Transfer Syntax Role Extended
Negotiati
SOP SOP Class UID Name UID on
Class
Secondary 1.2.840.10008.5.1.4.1.1.7 Implicit 1.2.840.10008.1 SC None
Capture VR .2 U
Image Little
Storage Endian

44
3.3.3 SOP Specific Conformance for Non-Compressed Image Storage

Table 5 illustrates the encoding for a Non-Compressed Image.

Table 5: Non-Compressed Image Values

Attribute Tag VR Value
Specific Character (0008,0005) CS ISO_IR 100
Set
SOP Class UID (0008,0016) UI 1.2.840.10008.5.1.4.1.1.1
SOP Instance UID (0008,0018) UI 1.2.392.12345.( serial #).(year).
(month).(day).(hour).(min).(sec).
(millisec)
Study Date (0008,0020) DA yyyymmdd
Study Time (0008,0030) TM hhmm
Accession (0008,0050) SH nnnnnn
Number
Modality (0008,0060) CS CR
Conversion Type (0008,0064) CS
Manufacturer (0008,0070) LO Radlink
Institution Name (0008,0080) LO
Institution Address (0008,0081) ST
Referring (0008,0090) PN Last^First
Physician Name
Study Description (0008,1030) LO
Manufacturer’s (0008,1090) LO Radlink CRPro
Model Name
Patient Name (0010,0010) PN Last^First^M
Patient ID (0010,0020) LO nnnnnn
Patient Birth Date (0010,0030) DA yyyymmdd
Patient Sex (0010,0040) CS F, M, or O
Other Patient IDs (0010,1000) LO
Additional Patient (0010,21B0) LT
History
Date of Secondary (0018,1012) DA yyyymmdd
Capture
Time of (0018,1014) TM hhmm
Secondary
Capture
Study Instance (0020,000D) UI 1.2.392.12345.( serial #.(year).
UID (month).(day).(hour).(min).(sec).
(millisec)
Series Instance (0020,000E) UI 1.2.392.12345.( serial #.(year).
UID (month).(day).(hour).(min).(sec).
(millisec)
Study ID (0020,0010) SH nnnnnnn

45
 Series Number (0020,0010) IS nnnnn
Image Number (0020,0013) IS nnnnn
Samples per Pixel (0028,0002) US 1
Photometric (0028,0004) CS MONOCHROME2
Interpretation
Rows (0028,0010) US
Columns (0028,0011) US
Bits Allocated (0028,0100) US 8 or 16
Bits Stored (0028,0101) US 8,16
High Bit (0028,0102) US 7, 12, 15, or 16
Pixel (0028,0103) US 0
Representation
Pixel Data (7FE0,0010) OW

3.3.4 TRANSFER Syntax Selection Policies

Only the DICOM Implicit Little Endian Transfer Syntax is supported.

3.4 Association Acceptance Policy

The Radlink CR Pro Image Transfer AE does not accept association requests.

4 Radlink CR Pro MWL AE Specification

The Radlink CR Pro MWL AE provides Standard Conformance to the following

DICOM V3.0 SOP Classes.

Table 6: Supported Meta SOP Classes

SOP Class SOP Class UID Role
Modality Worklist Query Find 1.2.840.10008.5.1.4.31 SCU

4.1 Association Establishment Policies

4.1.1 General

The Radlink CR Pro View Pro application issues a request to retrieve

Modality Worklist. It initiates an association to the Modality Worklist SCP
through Radlink CR Pro MWL AE component.

The maximum PDU size allowed is 16KB.

46
 4.1.2 Number of Associations

The Radlink CR Pro MWL AE initiates one association with the default
remote Modality Worklist SCP. The association is released once the Worklist
has been fetched.

4.1.3 Asynchronous Nature

This release does not support asynchronous operations and will not perform
asynchronous window negotiation.

4.1.4 Implementation Identifying Information

The CR Pro Image Transfer AE is identified by the following ids:

Implementation Class UID: 1.2.276.0.7230010.3.0.4.0
Implementation Version Name: RadlinkRouter

4.2 Association Initiation by Real World Activity

Related Real World Activity is the issuance of an Association with a remote

server when the user of CR Pro clicks on the Select button on the Worklist
screen of the user interface.

4.2.1 Proposed Presentation Contexts

This AE provides standard conformance as an SCU to the DICOM V3.0

SOP class for SOP Verification Classes as shown in Table 3.

Table 7: Proposed Presentation Context

Abstract Syntax Transfer Syntax Role Extended
Negotiati
SOP SOP Class UID Name UID on
Class
Modality 1.2.840.10008.5.1 DICOM 1.2.840.10008.1 SC None
Worklist .4.31 Implicit .2 U
Query Find VR
SOP Class Little
Endian

47
 4.2.2 SOP Specific Conformance

If the Radlink View Pro Modality Worklist component is unable to open an

association with the selected destination AE, an error message is printed in
the console window.

The View Pro Modality Worklist component does not attempt any extended
negotiation.

The following optional attributes are included in the Query Find message:

Table 8: Optional Matching Key Attributes for Basic Modality Worklist

SOP Class
Tag Name
(0008,0050) Accession Number
(0010,0010) Patient’s Name
(0010,0020) Patient ID
(0040,0100) Scheduled Procedure Step Sequence
> (0008.0060) Modality
> (0040,0002) Scheduled Procedure Step Start Date

Table 9: Optional Return Key Attributes for Basic Modality Worklist SOP
Class
Tag Name
(0008,0050) Accession Number
(0008,0090) Referring Physician’s Name
(0010,0010) Patient’s Name
(0010,0020) Patient ID
(0010,0030) Patient’s Birth Date
(0010,0040) Patient’s Sex
(0010,21b0) Additional Patient History
(0020,000d) Study Instance UID
(0032,1060) Requested Procedure Description
(0040,0100) Scheduled Procedure Step Sequence
> (0008.0060) Modality
> (0040,0002) Scheduled Procedure Step Start Date
> (0040,0003) Scheduled Procedure Step Start Time
> (0040,0006) Scheduled Performing Physician
> (0040,0007) Scheduled Procedure Step Description
(0040,1001) Requested Procedure ID
(0040,1002) Reason for the Requested Procedure

48
 4.3 Association Acceptance Policy

The Radlink View Pro DICOM Modality Worklist Component does not accept
associations.

5 Communication Profile

5.1 TCP/IP Stack

The CR Pro conforms to DICOM V3.0 TCP/IP Network Communications as

specified in Part 8 of the DICOM 3.0 Standard.

5.2 Physical Media Support

The CR Pro application supports the following: Local Area Network (LAN);
Wide Area Network (WAN); Ethernet 10BASE-T, 100BASE-T; Internet, DSL;
and CD-RW.

6 Extensions/Specializations/Privatizations

Not currently applicable.

7 Configuration

7.1 AE Title/Presentation Address Mapping

No title/presentation mapping information is required to be set for the AE

address mapping.

7.2 Configurable Parameters

The following fields are configurable for this AE: PACS AE Title; PACS IP
Address; PACS Port; Client AET.

8 Support for Extended Character Sets

No extended character sets are currently supported.

49
9 Abbreviations used in the Value Representation (VR) Column of
Supported DICOM Data Elements

Code Name Meaning* Length

AE Application entity A string with the application name. 16 Bytes Maximum
AS Age string A string with an age in days, weeks, months 4 Bytes Fixed
or years.
AT Attribute tag Two binary 16-bit unsigned integers denoting 4 Bytes Fixed
the group and element.
CS Code string A string of 16 characters at most to be used 16 Bytes Maximum
for codes.
DA Date An 8-character date yyyymmdd. 8 Bytes Fixed
DS Decimal string A string representing a fixed-point or floating 16 Bytes Maximum
point number.
DT Date/time A string concatenation of DA (date) and TM 26 Bytes Maximum
(time) with optionally appended offset from
coordinated universal time.
FL Floating point 32-bit binary floating point number. 4 Bytes Fixed
single
FD Floating point 64-bit binary floating point number. 8 Bytes Fixed
double
IS Integer string A string representing a signed integer. At 12 Bytes Maximum
most 12 characters.
LO Long string A general purpose string of at most 64 64 Chars Maximum
characters.
LT Long text A text of at most 10240 characters. 10240Chars
Maximum
OB Other byte string Byte data according to negotiated encoding. See Transfer
Syntax Definition
OW Other word string 16-bit word data according to negotiated See Transfer
encoding. Syntax Definition
PN Person name A string with a person's name according to a 64 Chars Maximum
5-component convention.
SH Short string A general purpose string of at most 16 16 Chars Maximum
characters.
SL Signed long 32-bit binary signed integer. 4 Bytes Fixed
SQ Sequence of A special value representation to support Not Applicable
items nested data sets.
SS Signed short 16-bit binary signed integer 2 Bytes Fixed
ST Short text A text of at most 1024 characters 1024 Chars Max.

50
 TM Time A time string hhmmss.ffffff with shortcut 16 Bytes Maximum
possibilities
UI Unique identifier A string with one identifier consisting of V- 64 Bytes Maximum
separated numbers. It can identify a variety of
items. At most 64 characters.
UL Unsigned Long 32 bit binary unsigned integer 4Bytes Fixed
UN Unknown A string of bytes where encoding of contents Any length valid for
is unknown any other VR
US Unsigned Short 16 bit binary unsigned integer 2 Bytes Fixed
UT Unlimited Text A string of graphic & control characters 232-2 Characters
Max

1. Description of the information per column

The definitions used are in accordance with the Dicom standard. Column 1
specifies the requirement type RT as follows. Refer to [1], part 4 for a detailed
description. Only data elements for information object modules that are
mandatory for CT images are included. Refer to [1], part 3, table A.1.4.

Column 1 Meaning Column Column 3 Column 4

Requirement 2 Element VR*
Type TAG Name
1 Required element, and null values Group Element VR
are not allowed. The CTX always
provides this element.
and Name
Element
Number
2 Required element, but null values Group Element VR
are allowed. The CTX always
provides this element, possibly
and Name
with a null value. Element
Number
3 Optional element. The CTX Group Element VR
provides this element if this is
configured. Even if configured a
and Name
null value may be provided. Element
Number
1C, 2C, 3C Conditional versions of 1, 2, 3. It is Group Element VR
specified which conditions must
be met in order to provide the
and Name
element. Element
Number

* Refer to [1], part 5 for a more detailed description.

51