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Question 1. A Refrigerator Uses Refrigerant-134a As The Working Fluid and Operates On An Ideal

This document presents the analysis of an ideal vapor compression refrigeration cycle operating between 0.14 and 0.8 MPa with refrigerant-134a. It includes: 1) Drawing the p-h diagram and identifying cycle components for the ideal and real case where compressor efficiency is 75%. 2) Calculating COPR, heat transfer rates, and power input for both cases. 3) Finding the Carnot COPR. It also analyzes an ideal gas refrigeration cycle operating between 100 kPa and 400 kPa, calculating the refrigeration rate and net power required. Useful equations for analyzing refrigeration cycles are provided.

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315 views

Question 1. A Refrigerator Uses Refrigerant-134a As The Working Fluid and Operates On An Ideal

This document presents the analysis of an ideal vapor compression refrigeration cycle operating between 0.14 and 0.8 MPa with refrigerant-134a. It includes: 1) Drawing the p-h diagram and identifying cycle components for the ideal and real case where compressor efficiency is 75%. 2) Calculating COPR, heat transfer rates, and power input for both cases. 3) Finding the Carnot COPR. It also analyzes an ideal gas refrigeration cycle operating between 100 kPa and 400 kPa, calculating the refrigeration rate and net power required. Useful equations for analyzing refrigeration cycles are provided.

Uploaded by

fivos_rg
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Question 1.

A refrigerator uses refrigerant-134a as the working fluid and operates on an ideal


vapor-compression refrigeration cycle between 0.14 and 0.8 MPa. The mass flow rate of the
refrigerant is 0.02 kg/s. Assuming ideal vapour compression refrigeration cycle:
- Draw the p-h diagram, draw and name the different components of the cycle
- Find the COPR, the rate of heat removal from the refrigerated space, the rate of heat
rejection to the environment and the power input to the compressor.
- Find the COPR for a Carnot Cycle operating for the same Tmax and Tmin
- repeat the previous steps for a compressor isentropic efficiency of ηis,C = 75%. What do you
observe?
- calculate the entropy change at the throttle valve.
When applying energy conservation omit kinetic/potential energies.

Solution:
(i)

Isentropic/ideal case:
1: saturated vapour at T1= -18.77oC (p1=140kPa): h1 = 239.19kJ/kg, s1=sg=0.9447kJ/kgK
2: superheated vapour at p2=0.8MPa, s2 = s1 = 0. 9447kJ/kgK => h2=275.41kJ/kg, T2=39oC
3: saturated liquid at p3=0.8MPa => h3= 95.48kJ/kg, T3=31.31oC, s3=0.35408kJ/kgK
4: mixture h4=h3 at T4 = -18.77oC (p4=140kPa): hf= 27.06kJ/kg, hg= 239.19kJ/kg
sf= 0.1108kJ/kg, sg= 0.94467kJ/kg.

h4  h f 95.48  27.06
x4    32.2%
hg  h f 239.19  27.06
s4  xs g  1  x s f  0.322  0.94467  1  0.322  0.1108  0.3797kJ / kgK
Δsvalve = s4-s3=0.3797-0.35408=0.0256kJ/kgK

3 Condenser 2

Valve
Compressor
Evaporator
4
1
Real case - compressor ηis,C = 75%:
1: saturated vapour at T1= -18.77oC (p1=140kPa): h1 = 239.19kJ/kg, s1=sg=0.9447kJ/kgK
2,is: superheated vapour at p2=0.8MPa, s2,is = s1 = 0. 9447kJ/kgK => h2,is =275.41kJ/kg,
T2,is=39oC
h h
2: superheated vapour at p2=0.8MPa, h2= 2,is 1  h1  287.48kJ/kg, T2 ~50oC
is ,C
3: saturated liquid at p3=0.8MPa => h3= 95.48kJ/kg, T3=31.31oC, s3=0.35408kJ/kgK
4: mixture h4=h3 at T4 = -18.77oC (p4=140kPa): hf= 27.06kJ/kg, hg= 239.19kJ/kg
sf= 0.1108kJ/kg, sg= 0.94467kJ/kg.

h4  h f 95.48  27.06
x4    32.2%
hg  h f 239.19  27.06
s4  xs g  1  x s f  0.322  0.94467  1  0.322  0.1108  0.3797kJ / kgK
Δsvalve = s4-s3=0.3797-0.35408=0.0256kJ/kgK

3 Condenser 2

Valve
Compressor
Evaporator
4
1

(ii)
Ideal case:
h h 239.19  95.48
COPR  1 4   3.96
h2,is  h1 275.41  239.19
QL  m  h1  h4   0.02239.19  95.48  2.87kW
QH  m  h2,is  h3   0.02275.41  95.48  3.59kW
W  m h2,is  h1   0.02275.41  239.19  0.72kW

Real case:

h1  h4 239.19  95.48
COPR    2.97
h2  h1 287.48  239.19
 h1  h4   0.02239.19  95.48  2.87kW
QL  m
QH  m h2  h3   0.02287.48  95.48  3.84kW
W m h2  h1   0.02287.48  239.19  0.96kW

(iii)
1 1
COPR ,Carnot    4.4
TH 1 273.15  39 1
TL 273.15  18.77
1 1
COPR ,Carnot    3.69
TH 273.15  50 1
1 273.15  18.77
TL

Question 2. Air enters the compressor of an ideal-gas refrigeration cycle at 250 K and 100
kPa and the turbine at 300 K and 400 kPa. The mass flow rate of air through the cycle is 8.0
kg/s. Assuming constant specific heats for air and isentropic compression and expansion,
determine:
(i) the rate of refrigeration,
(ii) the net power required to run the refrigerator,
Note: cp = 1.005 kJ/kg.K, k = cp/cv = 1.4.

The cycle operates between two pressure levels (reverse Brayton cycle), 100kPa and 400kPa
(rp=4).
1→2: isentropic compression
2→3: heat rejection
3→4: isentropic expansion
4→1: heat absorpion

k 1
T2  p2  k 0.4
  4 1.4
 1.486  T2  250  1.486  371K
T1  p1 
 c p T3  T2   8  1.005  371  300  574.8kW
QH  m
k 1 0.4
T4  p4  k
 1  1.4
      0.673  T4  300  0.673  201.9 K
T3  p3  4

 c p T1  T4   8  1.005  250  201.9  386.8kW


QL  m

W  QH  QL  188kW
Useful formulae

Isentropic efficiency

Compressor
h h
is ,C  2,is 1
h2  h1

Isentropic ideal gas compression

Approximate way
k 1
T2  p2  k
 
T1  p1 

Energy conservation in flowing systems

Steady state forms


 1   1 
Qin  Win   m h  Vel 2  gz   Qout  Wout   m h  Vel 2  gz  in J
in  2  out  2 
 1   1 
Qin  Win   m   h  Vel 2  gz   Q out  Wout   m   h  Vel 2  gz  in J/s
in  2  out  2 
 1   1 
qin  win    h  Vel 2  gz   qout  wout    h  Vel 2  gz  in J/kg
in  2  out  2 

COPR

General formula:
Q kW  QL kJ  qL kJ / kg
COPR  L  
W kW  W kJ  wkJ / kg

Carnot cycle:
1
COPR 
TL / TH  1

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