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Question 1. Liquid Water at 200 Kpa and 15: S S M S M T Q DT Ds

Liquid water and superheated steam are mixed in a chamber. The mass flow rate of the superheated steam and the rate of entropy generation during the mixing process are calculated. Air in a building is heated by steam in a heat exchanger, and the rate of entropy generation for this process is determined. Refrigerant-134a expands isentropically in a turbine, and the inlet/outlet velocities and produced work are calculated. The total entropy change when iron and copper blocks are dropped into a lake is found. The entropy change of carbon dioxide when compressed in a tank is determined. The rate of entropy change of air during steady compression in a compressor is calculated. The entropy change of water when expanding to fill an

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186 views

Question 1. Liquid Water at 200 Kpa and 15: S S M S M T Q DT Ds

Liquid water and superheated steam are mixed in a chamber. The mass flow rate of the superheated steam and the rate of entropy generation during the mixing process are calculated. Air in a building is heated by steam in a heat exchanger, and the rate of entropy generation for this process is determined. Refrigerant-134a expands isentropically in a turbine, and the inlet/outlet velocities and produced work are calculated. The total entropy change when iron and copper blocks are dropped into a lake is found. The entropy change of carbon dioxide when compressed in a tank is determined. The rate of entropy change of air during steady compression in a compressor is calculated. The entropy change of water when expanding to fill an

Uploaded by

fivos_rg
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Question 1.

Liquid water at 200 kPa and 15oC is heated in a chamber by mixing it with
superheated steam at 200 kPa and 150oC. Liquid water enters the mixing chamber at a rate of
4.3 kg/s, and the chamber is estimated to lose heat to the surrounding air at 20oC at a rate of
1200 kJ/min. If the mixture leaves the mixing chamber at 200 kPa and 80oC, determine (a)
the mass flow rate of the superheated steam and (b) the rate of entropy generation during this
mixing process. Assume steady state conditions.
dS Q
Hint: use equation    m  s  m   s  S gen . Notice it is steady state, so
dt boundariesT inlets outlets

dS/dt = 0.
Question 2. Air in a large building is kept warm by heating it with steam in a heat exchanger.
Saturated water vapor enters this unit at 35oC at a rate of 10,000 kg/h and leaves as saturated
liquid at 32oC. Air at 1-atm pressure enters the unit at 20oC and leaves at 30oC at about the
same pressure. Determine the rate of entropy generation associated with this process. Assume
steady state conditions.

dS Q
Hint: use equation    m  s  m   s  S gen . Notice it is steady state, so
dt boundariesT inlets outlets

dS/dt = 0.

Answer.
Question 3. Refrigerant-134a is expanded isentropically from 600 kPa and 70oC at the inlet
of a steady-flow turbine to 100 kPa at the outlet. The outlet area is 1 m2, and the inlet area is
0.5 m2. Calculate the inlet and outlet velocities when the mass flow rate is 0.75 kg/s.
Calculate the work that is being produced to the turbine shaft. Assuming a real, non-
isentropic expansion in the turbine, what would you expect for the produced work? To be
equal to the isentropic, more than the isentropic, or less?

Answer.

p1 
h1  309.75kJ / kg
T1 
p2 
h2  266.08kJ / kg
s2  s1 
W  m h1  h2   0.75  309.75  266.08  32.77kW . This work is the maximum possible to
be produced under the given pressure difference.
Question 4. A 30-kg iron block and a 40-kg copper block, both initially at 80oC, are dropped
into a large lake at 15oC. Thermal equilibrium is established after a while as a result of heat
transfer between the blocks and the lake water. Determine the total entropy change for this
process.

Hint: Assume both the lake and the blocks as an isolated system, so:
Stot   Si  Slake  S copper  Siron
i
Calculate entropy change of individual components based on temperature change and heat
transfer. Assume that the lake has a large mass, so its temperature remains constant.

Answer
Question 5. A 1.5m3 insulated rigid tank contains 2.7 kg of carbon dioxide at 100 kPa. Now
paddle-wheel work is done on the system until the pressure in the tank rises to 150 kPa.
Determine the entropy change of carbon dioxide during this process. Assume constant
specific heats.

Hint: Since you have gas and the specific heats are assumed constant, use ideal gas entropy
equation.

Answer:

Question 6. Air is compressed steadily by a 5-kW compressor from 100 kPa and 17oC to 600
kPa and 167oC at a rate of 1.6 kg/min. During this process, some heat transfer takes place
between the compressor and the surrounding medium at 17oC. Determine the rate of entropy
change of air during this process. Assume variable properties.

Hint: Use ideal gas assumption, along with either average specific heats, or so tabulated data.

Answer:
or

Average temperature: 365.15K

Average cp at this temperature is ~1.0095kJ/kgK

Entropy change is:

T2 p
s2  s1  c p ,avg ln  Rg ln 2
T1 p1
440 600
 s2  s1  1.0095 ln  0.287 ln  0.0937kJ / kgK
290 100
 s2  s1    0.0937  0.00249kW / K
1.6
 S  m
60

Question 7. A rigid tank is divided into two equal parts by a partition. One part of the tank
contains 2.5 kg of compressed liquid water at 400 kPa and 60oC while the other part is
evacuated. The partition is now removed, and the water expands to fill the entire tank.
Determine the entropy change of water during this process, if the final pressure in the tank is
40 kPa.

Hint: Find initial properties from tables. Find final properties based on specific volume.

Alternatively s1 may be found as:


v  p  psat  400  103  19.9  103 Pa
s1  s f  f  0.8313  103 J / kgK  0.001017m3 / kg  0.83014kJ / kgK
Tsat 273.15  60 K

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