JDBC Introduction To JDBC: 1. Java - Sql. 2. Javax - Sql.

JDBC
Introduction to JDBC
Introduction
JDBC or Java Database Connectivity is a specification from Sun
microsystems that provides a standard abstraction(that is API or Protocol)
for java applications to communicate with various databases. It provides
the language with java database connectivity standard. It is used to write
programs required to access databases. JDBC along with the database
driver is capable of accessing databases and spreadsheets. The
enterprise data stored in a relational database(RDB) can be accessed
with the help of JDBC APIs.
Definition of JDBC(Java Database Connectivity )
JDBC is an API(Application programming interface) which is used in java
progamming to interact with databases.
The classesand interfaces of JDBC allows application to send request
made by users to the specified database.
Components of JDBC
There are generally four main components of JDBC through which it can
interact with a database. They are as mentioned below:
1. JDBD API:It provides various methods and interfaces for easy
communication with the database.It provides two packages as follows
which contains the java SE and java EE platforms to exhibit WORA(write
once run everywhere) capabilities.
1. java.sql.*;
2. javax.sql.*;
It also provides a standard to connect a database to a client application.

2.JDBC Driver Manager: It loads database-specific driver in an application to establish a
connection with a database. It is used to make a database-specific call to the database to
process the user request.
3.JDBC Test suite: It is used to test the operation(such as insertion,
deletion, updation) being performed by JDBC Drivers.
JDBC-ODBC Bridge Drivers: It connects database drivers to the
database.This bridge translates JDBC method call to the ODBC function
call.It makes the use of
sun.jdbc.odbc
Architecture of JDBC :
Description:
1.Application: It is a java applet or a servlet which communicates with
a data source.
2.The JDBC API:The JDBC API allows Java programs to execute SQL
statements and retrieve results. Some of the important classes and
interfaces defined in JDBC API are as follows:
DriverManager
Driver
Connection
Statement
PreparedStatement
CallableStatement
ResultSet
SQL data
3.DriverManager: It plays an important role in the JDBC architecture.It

uses some database-specific drivers to effectively connect enterprise
applications to databases.
4.JDBC drivers: To communicate with a data source through JDBC, you
need a JDBC driver that intelligently communicates with the respective
data source.
Types of JDBC Architecture(2-tier and 3-tier)
The JDBC architecture consists of two-tier and three-tier processing
models to access a database. They are as described below:
1.Two-tier model:A java application communicates directly to the data
source. The JDBC driver enables the communication between the
application and the data source. When a user sends a query to the
data source, the answers for those queries are sent back to the user in
the form of results.
The data source can be located on a different machine on a network to
which a user is connected. This is known as a client/server
configuration, where the user’s machine acts as a client and the
machine having the data source running acts as the server.
2.Three-tier model: In this, the user’s queries are sent to middle-tier
services, from which the commands are again sent to the data source.
The results are sent back to the middle tier, and from there to the
user.
This type of model is found very useful by management information
system directors.
Working of JDBC
Java application that needs to communicate with the database has to be
programmed using JDBC API. JDBC Driver supporting data sources such
as Oracle and SQL server has to be added in java application for JDBC
support which can be done dynamically at run time. This JDBC driver
intelligently communicates the respective data source.
Creating a simple JDBC application
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.Statement;
public class JDBCExample5 {
static final String DB_URL = "jdbc:mysql://localhost/STUDENTS";
static final String USER = "yasar";
static final String PASS = "password";
public static void main(String[] args) {
// Open a connection
try(Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(DB_URL, USER, PASS);
Statement stmt = conn.createStatement();
){
// Execute a query
System.out.println("Inserting records into the table...");
String sql = "INSERT INTO REGISTRATION VALUES (109, 'Zara', 'Ali', 18)";
stmt.executeUpdate(sql);
sql = "INSERT INTO REGISTRATION VALUES (101, 'Mahnaz', 'Fatma', 25)";
sql = "INSERT INTO REGISTRATION VALUES (102, 'Zaid', 'Khan', 30)";
sql = "INSERT INTO REGISTRATION VALUES(107, 'Sumit', 'Mittal', 28)";

System.out.println("Inserted records into the table...");
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
Note: To run the the program first is put the “mysql-connector-java-

8.0.26.jar” in the folder where this program is stored. Also the command
by which the file is executed.
Output:
2.JDBC Program to display records:
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.Statement;
public class JDBCExample6 {

static final String DB_URL = "jdbc:mysql://localhost/STUDENTS";
static final String USER = "yasar";
static final String PASS = "password";
static final String QUERY = "SELECT id, first, last, age FROM REGISTRATION";
public static void main(String[] args) {

// Open a connection
try(Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(DB_URL, USER, PASS);
Statement stmt = conn.createStatement();
ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery(QUERY);
){
while(rs.next()){
//Display values
System.out.print("ID: " + rs.getInt("id"));
System.out.print(", Age: " + rs.getInt("age"));
System.out.print(", First: " + rs.getString("first"));
System.out.println(", Last: " + rs.getString("last"));
}
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
output:

JDBC Introduction To JDBC: 1. Java - Sql. 2. Javax - Sql.

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JDBC

It also provides a standard to connect a database to a client application.

3.DriverManager: It plays an important role in the JDBC architecture.It

public class JDBCExample5 {

static final String DB_URL = "jdbc:mysql://localhost/STUDENTS";

static final String USER = "yasar";

static final String PASS = "password";

public static void main(String[] args) {

try(Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(DB_URL, USER, PASS);

Statement stmt = conn.createStatement();

System.out.println("Inserting records into the table...");

sql = "INSERT INTO REGISTRATION VALUES (101, 'Mahnaz', 'Fatma', 25)";

sql = "INSERT INTO REGISTRATION VALUES (102, 'Zaid', 'Khan', 30)";

sql = "INSERT INTO REGISTRATION VALUES(107, 'Sumit', 'Mittal', 28)";

System.out.println("Inserted records into the table...");

Note: To run the the program first is put the “mysql-connector-java-

public class JDBCExample6 {

public static void main(String[] args) {

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