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    To Determine Wavelength of Sodium Light Using Newton's Rings

    Uploaded by

    RaunaqSingh
    Experiment No. 2 aims to determine the wavelength of sodium light using Newton's rings. The experiment uses a Newton's rings apparatus with a sodium lamp, plano-convex lens, and travelling microscope. Light from the sodium lamp reflects between the lens and glass plate, interfering to form bright and dark circular rings. By measuring the diameters of rings and using the specified formula, the wavelength of sodium light can be calculated. The student performs the experiment, takes ring diameter measurements, calculates the wavelength, and determines percent error compared to the standard value.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    To Determine Wavelength of Sodium Light Using Newton's Rings

    Uploaded by

    RaunaqSingh
    41 views3 pages
    Experiment No. 2 aims to determine the wavelength of sodium light using Newton's rings. The experiment uses a Newton's rings apparatus with a sodium lamp, plano-convex lens, and travelling microscope. Light from the sodium lamp reflects between the lens and glass plate, interfering to form bright and dark circular rings. By measuring the diameters of rings and using the specified formula, the wavelength of sodium light can be calculated. The student performs the experiment, takes ring diameter measurements, calculates the wavelength, and determines percent error compared to the standard value.

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    mannual2_UPH004

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    Experiment No. 2 aims to determine the wavelength of sodium light using Newton's rings. The experiment uses a Newton's rings apparatus with a sodium lamp, plano-convex lens, and travelling microscope. Light from the sodium lamp reflects between the lens and glass plate, interfering to form bright and dark circular rings. By measuring the diameters of rings and using the specified formula, the wavelength of sodium light can be calculated. The student performs the experiment, takes ring diameter measurements, calculates the wavelength, and determines percent error compared to the standard value.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    41 views3 pages

    To Determine Wavelength of Sodium Light Using Newton's Rings

    Uploaded by

    RaunaqSingh
    Experiment No. 2 aims to determine the wavelength of sodium light using Newton's rings. The experiment uses a Newton's rings apparatus with a sodium lamp, plano-convex lens, and travelling microscope. Light from the sodium lamp reflects between the lens and glass plate, interfering to form bright and dark circular rings. By measuring the diameters of rings and using the specified formula, the wavelength of sodium light can be calculated. The student performs the experiment, takes ring diameter measurements, calculates the wavelength, and determines percent error compared to the standard value.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 3

    Experiment No.

    2
    To Determine wavelength of sodium light using
    Newton’s Rings.
    N. Jain
    October 9, 2021

    1
    Aim:
    To Determine wavelength of sodium light using Newton’s Rings.

    Apparatus:
    Newton’s rings apparatus, travelling microscope, sodium lamp, Plano-convex lens.

    Theory
    When sodium light is incident on the plano convex lens system, light rays reflect from upper and lower layers
    of the air present between lens and the glass plate. The sodium light source is almost monochromatic. There
    is no phase change at the lens-air surface, because the wave if going from a higher to a lower refraction index
    medium. At the air-plate surface, however, there is a phase shift of p with the reflection from a medium of
    higher refractive index. Waves reflected from these two surfaces interfere, forming bright bands where the path
    length in air produces two waves in phase and dark bands where the waves are in antiphase. The centre of the
    pattern is black. There is no reflection because there is no air gap here. The thickness of the thin film is equal
    to the thickness of the air film adjacent to it. The fringes are circular as the locus of points of equal thickness
    of air is a circle. These ring-shaped fringes are called Newton’s rings. These are alternate bright and dark rings
    with a central spot which is dark in reflected light. (Fig 1).For purposes of measurement, the observations are
    usually made at normal incidence by an arrangement such as that shown in Fig.2, where the glass plate, G ,
    reflects the light down on the plates. A low-powder microscope, M , focused on the air-firm shows a series Of
    Newton’s rings. Measuring diameters of these rings and using equation (1), the wavelength of light( sodium
    light here) can be determined.

    Formula Used
    The mean wavelength of D1 and D2 lines of sodium light is given by the formula

    (Dn+p )2 − (Dn )2
    λ= (1)
    4P R
    where Dn+p = diameter of the (n+p)th ring
    Dn =diameter of the nth ring,
    n = order of the ring
    and p = rings’s difference

    2
    R=radius of curvature (110 cm) of the curved surface of the lens.

    Procedure
    1. Initially in the newton’s ring apparatus, it is checked that the center of the lens is well illuminated by
    adjusting the inclination of glass plate at 45◦ .
    2. Now we focus the eyepiece on the cross-wire and move the microscope in the vertical plane by means of
    rack and pinion arrangement till the rings are quite distinct. Clamp the microscope in the vertical side.
    3. According to the theory, the center of the interference fringes should be dark so it should be checked
    thoroughly.
    4. Move the microscope in a horizontal direction to one side of the fringes. Fix up the cross wire tangential
    to the ring and note the reading. Again the microscope is moved in the horizontal plane and the cross wire
    is fixed tangentially to the successive bright fringes noting the vernier readings till the other side is reached.

    This means that first we move the microscope horizontally in right direction and then we repeat the same
    procedure by moving it to left direction and taking proper readings.

    Result:
    Mean wavelength of sodium light=............
    Standard value = 5890 A◦

    Error
    Standard value − observed value
    %Error = (2)
    standard value
    Therefore, percentage error = .............

    Precautions:
    1. The cross wire should be focused tangentially on the bright rings.

    2. The microscope must be moved in uni-direction when taking readings.


    3. If you place the crosswire tangential to the outside of a perpendicular ring on one side of the central spot
    then the cross wire should be placed tangential to the inner side of the same ring.

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