A

Project report
On

“HYDRULIC FLOOR CRANE”

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of Degree of

Diploma in
(Mechanical Engineering) By
PRATIK KOLI (1800270141)
JATIN KADU (1800270117)
HARSH PATIL (1800270178)
DEEP MALI (1800270111)

Under the guidance of

Prof. J.K.Patil

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

BHARATI VIDYAPEETH’S INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY,

Sector-7, C.B.D. Belpada,
Navi Mumbai-400614
Academic Year 2020 – 2021

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 CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that Mr. PRATIK KOLI from Bharati Vidyapeeth Institute of
Technology, Navi Mumbai institute having enrollment No.1800270141 has
completed project of final year having title HYDRULIC FLOOR CRANE.
during the academic year 2020-2021. The project completed in a group consisting of
Four persons under the guidance of the faculty guide.
Details of group members

Name of team members:-

Roll No. Name of the Student Class

3501 PRATIK PANKAJ KOLI ME5I

3503 JATIN VIJAY KADU ME5I

3504 HARSH RAJENDRA PATIL ME5I

3526 DEEP JANARDHAN MALI ME5I

Name and Signature of Guide

Name: - J.K.Patil Signature: -

2
 Acknowledgement

I sincerely express my deep sense of gratitude to my guide Mr. J.K.Patil, for his
valuable guidance, continuous encouragement and support whenever required and
Head of Department of Mechanical Mr. J.K.Patil, for his valuable guidance,
encouragement and timely help given to me throughout the course of this work. I
would to like to thank to our Project Coordinator Mr. J.K.Patil who had shown us
the way towards the destination.
I also would like to take this opportunity to thank our whole-heartedly Honorable
Principal Mr. P.N.Tandon and our Faculties of Mechanical Engineering
department who have imparted valuable teaching and guidance that has inspired me
to attain new goals.

Name of Student :-
PRATIK KOLI
JATIN KADU
HARSH PATIL
DEEP MALI
TYME (Mechanical Engineering) - III Year

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 Abstract

A Hydraulic crane is a type of heavy duty equipment used for lifting and
hoisting. Unlike smaller cranes, which rely on electric or diesel powered
motors, Hydraulic cranes include an internal hydraulic system that allows
crane to lift heavier loads. This fluid filled hydraulic system enables the
crane to transport object such as heavy shipping containers and tractors,
trailers, which are well beyond the size and scope of any other lifting
devices.
The hydraulic floor crane includes hydraulic cylinder, hydraulic tank,
hydraulic hoses, truck, DCV, beam and hooks. The beam one end is fixed
to the truck and another end is attached to the hooks. The beam one end
is fixed to the truck and another end is attached to the hooks. In this
paper we analyze the design of hydraulic floor crane.

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 TABLE OF CONTENT

INDEX

Sr. no Topics ( chapters) Page. no

1 CHAPTER-1 6

2 CHAPTER-2 9

3 CHAPTER-3 12

4 CHAPTER-4 13

5 CHAPTER-5 16

6 CHAPTER-6 31

7 CHAPTER-7 36

8 CHAPTER-8 39

9 CHAPTER-9 41

10 MARKS

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 Chapter 1
Introduction

6
 Introduction
HYDRAULIC FLOOR CRANE
 How Hydraulics Crane Work.
The pressurized hydraulic fluid pushes the piston in and out of the
cylinder, allowing the piston to lift or move a load. With hydraulic
systems in cranes, there are typically two different pistons. When one
piston is compressed, the displaced oil forces the other piston to extend.
These hydraulic floor cranes provide an efficient, low cost alternative to
other material handling equipment’s. Strong, robust, sturdy and built to
very standard, these cranes are maneuverable in loading, unloading and
shifting of heavy loads. Crane structure consists of chassis, vertical
column, horizontal arm, and the hydraulic pump with cylinder assembly.
The box crane can take heavy loads effectively, avoids damage under
rough and unskilled handling. The hydraulic cranes used in the industry
are efficient but they only have the ability to lift the load and put it down
at some other position. In this general design, the arm of the crane moves
in the vertical plane only, i.e. it has constrained motion. The aim of our
project is to re-design the hydraulic crane and give its arm the rotational
ability. The ball bearing provides rotational motion to the column. The
hydraulic crane was invented in Newcastle by William Armstrong in
about 1845 to help load coal into barges at the Quayside.

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8
 Chapter 2

Literature Survey

9
 Literature Survey

The transportation of heavy machine parts and equipment within and

outside the workshop has been a source of concern and needs urgent
attention because of the hazard it exhibits. This negative effect on the
health of engineers, led to the invention of the floor jib crane but research
shows that contemporary designs of floor jib crane fail over time when
these static load is left on it for a prolonged period of time. This project is
centered on the design and fabrication of a mobile floor crane equipped
with a facility to lock the load at any level as a special feature, to tackle
the issue of failure due to static load. The mobile crane is designed to
bear a maximum load of about1000 kg, with a counter weight of 2.6 KN
which gave the crane a 3.034 factor of safety. The materials employed
are; sheet metals, angular iron, bolts, nuts, metal rollers etc. The
fabrication processes involved drawing, marking out, cutting, filling,
welding and assembling. For permanent joints, the arc welding process
was employed. As indicated earlier, the mobile floor crane gains its
significance in the transportation of heavy machine parts within and
outside the workshop. It can also be used to load and unload machine
parts on truck.

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 Chapter 3

Scope of project

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 Scope of project

HYDRAULIC FLOOR CRANE.

1. To understand all thing about hydraulic floor crane.
2. To understand assembly and dismantling of Hydraulic crane.
3. To understand use of all parts used for making floor crane for
e.g.
Tie Vertical post, Hydraulic cylinder/ hydraulic jack, Hock, Small-
wheels etc.

4. We understand its applications and use of floor crane in different sectors of

industries, from construction to manufacturing to ship building and material
loading.

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 Chapter 4

Methodology

13
 Methodology

1. As per the micro-project topic is ‘HYDRAULIC FLOOR CRANE’

2. Firstly, we have collected some information on Google which helps us

to make the module.

3. Then we produced/ buy the material from market which is required to

make the module.

4. We started working on our project.

5. Side by side we were also informing our project guide MR. JK PATIL SIR.
About our micro project so with help of sir we were guided.

6. Collect the information, we started to prepare module.

7. At last we collected all the material, information about how to assemble

material and made hydraulic floor crane module.

8. After completing the module, we gathered together and make the report,
power point presentation and diary of the micro-project for submission.

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 Chapter 5

Details of Design, working and processes.

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 Details of Design, working and processes.

5.1 Design:-

We want collect the resources then we try to assemble the parts to make a
neat hydraulic crane.
We reference that design. And we fabricated the all the parts and join it
by the help of welding process. And color it.

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5.2 Components used for module:-

1) Hydraulic jack
2) Wheels
3) Square shape Pipe
a. Lifting arm and frames etc.
4) Hook and chain
5) Hinge
6) Nut and bolts

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 1. Hydraulic jack:-
A hydraulic jack is a jack that uses a liquid to push against a piston. This
is based on Pascal’s Principle. The principle states that pressure in a
closed container is the same at all points. If there are two cylinders
connected, applying force to the smaller cylinder will result in the same
amount of pressure in the larger cylinder. However, since the larger
cylinder has more area, the resulting force will be greater. In other words,
an increase in area leads to an increase in force. The greater the
difference in size between the two cylinders, the greater the increase in
the force will be. A hydraulic jack operates based on this two cylinder
system.

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 Technical Specification:-
i. Dimensions:-10×8×10 cm
ii. Weight:-990 gm.
iii. Weight loading capacity:-
3 Tones
iv. Oil used:-machine oil or
10/20w lightweight motor
(Liquid Wrench M3332)
v. Viscosity:-22cSt to 32cSt
(cSt- Submultiple
Centistokes)

Figure 5.2.1
HYDRAULIC JACK

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 2. Wheel:
A wheel is a circular component that is intended to rotate on an axle
bearing. The wheel is one of the main components of the wheel and axle
which is one of the six simple machines. Wheels, in conjunction with
axles, allow heavy objects to be moved easily facilitating movement or
transportation while supporting a load, or performing labour in machines.
Wheels are also used for other purposes, such as a ship’s wheel, steering
wheel, potter’s wheel and flywheel

Figure 5.2.2 WHEELS

Specification-
50 kg weight loading capacity
360⁰ Rotation
2 inch PVC Caster wheels

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 3. Square shape pipe-
From square shape Pipe we make all part of Crane. Like lifting
arm, frame and some other parts.

Figure 5.2.3 Mild steel square shape pipe

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5.3.1 Lifting arm:-
The arm supports the load carried by the crane setup, it should be
designed proper arrangement that it should be rigidly fixed with the
base frame at its one end and its other end is connected with the end
effect or for performing the operations say load lifting In order to
carry heavy loads there are several kinds of design optimization
which is need for designing and manufacturing the efficient model
of arm for heavy load carrying purposes. The cross link members
are used for providing additional supports to the frame by reducing
its actual weight and also by increasing it’s over all stability.

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5.3.2 Frame:-
A frame is a basic structure designed to bear a load in a
lightweight economical manner. The simplest form of an A-
frame is two similarly sized beams, arranged in a 45-degree
or less angle, attached at the top. These materials are often
wooden or steel beams attached at the top by rope, welding,
gluing, or riveting. Because they have only two "legs",
frames are usually set up in rows so that they can have good
stability. A saw horse is a good example of this structure.
More complex structures will have a cross member
connecting the two materials in the middle to prevent the
legs from bowing outwards under load.

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 5.3.3 Horizontal Column:-
It’s gives support and connect the all components Frame and lifting
arm the horizontal Column are join in the center Pipe of frame with
nuts and bolts and joint the lifting arm vertically at 90⁰ we attached
Hinge that can be welded and it can be give freely lifting movement to
lifting arm.

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4. Hinge:-
A hinge is a mechanical bearing that connects two solid objects,
typically allowing only a limited angle of rotation between them.
Hinge are connecting through welding the lifting arm and vertical
column of the structure. Hinge gives the freely lifting movement to
Lifting arm. .

Specification- Figure 5.2.6 Hinge

Stainless steel
4×4 inch

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 5. Hook:-
A Hook is a tool consisting of a length of material, typically metal,
that contains a portion that is curved or indented, such that it can be
used to grab onto, connect, or otherwise attach itself onto another
object. Hook is connected on front end of the lifting arm with chain.

Specification-
Carbon steel eye hook with latch
1 ton weight loading capacity

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Some other material required for making module.

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5.3 Working:-

1. When the ac motor is turned on it tends to activate the rotor pump which is
directly coupled to the motor shaft with the help of coupling.

2. Due to the activation of pump the oil from the reservoir is raised
with the help of suction pressure created by the pump to reach solenoid
valve.
3. The solenoid valve is coupled to the hydraulic cylinder which is
mounted between frame and lifting arm.
4. When the valve is activated by means of lever by the operator, then
the pressurized fluid enters the cylinder, which tends to retracts the
piston outwards.
5. Due to this arm is lifted to a certain extent with the load. When the
portal is reversed with the help of hand lever, then the cylinder tends to
retract backwards there by powering the arm for lifting and shifting the
load carried from one place to another.from the realising Pressure From
Cylinder, then Easily & Safely Placed it.

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 5.4 Process/ Operation:-
Hydraulic jacks function based on a concept in fluid mechanics known as
Pascal’s Principle. Essentially, if two cylinders (a large and a small one) are
connected by an incompressible fluid, and a given amount of pressure is
applied to one cylinder, that same pressure is imparted to the second cylinder
through the fluid connecting them. However, because pressure is equal to
force per unit area, the cylinder that has a larger area will experience a force
multiplication effect. Even though the pressure on both cylinders is the same,
the force which is produced on the larger cylinder will be higher,
proportionally higher based on the area of the cylinder.
Pascal’s Principle may be expressed formulaically as follows:
Equation for Pascal’s Principle.
Where:
F1 is the applied force to piston 1 (the pump piston)
A1 is the area of piston 1
F2 is the applied force to piston 2 (the ram piston)
A2 is the area of piston 2
By rearranging this equation to express F2 as a function of
F1, A1, and A2:
Pascal’s Principle expressed as an equation.

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This expression illustrates that the lifting force of a hydraulic jack
is amplified directly by the ratio of the surface area of the two
pistons.

Hydraulic jacks depend on this basic principle to lift heavy

loads: they use pump plungers to move oil through two cylinders.
The plunger is first drawn back, which opens the suction valve
ball within and draws oil into the pump chamber. As the plunger
is pushed forward, the oil moves through an external discharge
check valve into the cylinder chamber, and the suction valve
closes, which results in pressure building within the ram cylinder.

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 5.5 Assembly:-

a) Arrangement of four wheels on the base plate Assemble of fixture for holding the
bearing and the vertical column
b) Assembly horizontal arm
c) Assembly of hydraulic jack
d) Connection of hoses with the hydraulic jack Installing
Pulleys in horizontal and vertical arm
e) Installing high steel cable on the pulleys Attaching a hook
on the high steel chain

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 Chapter 6
Results and Application

32
 Chapter 6- Results and applications

Results:-
We are able to understand all things about hydraulic floor crane; its
working, assembly – dismantling, and its applications.

Applications of hydraulic floor crane:-

1. Used for load lifting, carrying and shifting operations in small, medium and
large industries like,
a. Foundry
b. Welding workshops
c. Automobile workshops
d. Construction sites, etc.
2. Hydraulic crane used for lowering workshop, foundary loading
And unloading of the ship and railway wagons and heavy
industries.

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ADVATAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
OF HYDRAULIC FLOOR CRANE

34
 ADVATAGES OF HYDRAULIC FLOOR CRANE

 Hydraulic implementation increases high load carrying capacity.

 Simple in construction.
 Less maintenance.
 Initial cost is less.
 The materials used for fabrication is easily available in the consumer markets.
 Non skilled labours can easily handle this system. Space consumption is less,
so it can be used for small scale applications too.

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 DISADVATAGES OF HYDRAULIC FLOOR CRANE

 Possibility of leakage of oil

 Load can’t be carry an angle
 Hydraulic fluid is highly corrosive

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 Chapter 7
Conclusion and future scope

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Conclusion and future scope:-
Conclusion:-
 We found that Hydraulic Floor crane mechanism is capable of
lifting load. We analyze that design and fabrication was a great success
both in terms of strength and stiffness.

 Maintenance and service of the vehicle can be easily done by this project.

 The inbuilt jack is operated by battery so it can be

 used when the vehicle engine is not started.

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 Future Scope:-
 In subsequent development a robotic device should be incorporated in the
machine to enable it function automatically by self-moving.

 In this way there will be work station for its mode of operation. This will save
time and energy because it will be faster and more efficient.

 It will also help to minimize accident in the workshop and factories.

 More over instead of manual operation of syringes could have been replaced by
pre-defined computer program or merely by pressing switch operated.

 As we all know all industries/ ports are becoming modern and work load is also
increasing so use of crane is also becoming more important .

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Chapter 8
References

40
Chapter - References

[1]. Arun Kumar N., Srinivasan V., Krishna Kumar P., Analyzing the
strength of unidirectional fibre orientations under transverse static load,
International Journal of Applied Engineering Research, v-9, i-22,
pp7749-7754, 2014.

[2]. Srinivasan V., Analysis of static and dynamic load on hydrostatic

bearing with variable viscosity and pressure, Indian Journal of Science
and Technology, v-6, i-SUPPL.6, pp-47774782, 2013.

[3]. Srinivasan V., Optimizing air traffic conflict and congestion using
genetic algorithm, Middle - East Journal of Scientific Research, v-20, i-4,
pp-456-461, 2014.

[4]. Praveen R., Achudhan M., Optimization of jute composite as a noise

retardant material, International Journal of Applied Engineering
Research, v-9, i-22, pp7627-7632, 2014.

[5]. Raja Kumar G., Achudhan M., Srinivasa Rao G., Studies on
corrosion behaviour of borated stainless steel (304B) welds, International
Journal of Applied Engineering Research, v-9, i22, pp-7767-7772, 2014.

41
[6]. Ganeshram V., Achudhan M., Design and moldflow analysis of
piston cooling nozzle in automobiles, Indian Journal of Science and
Technology, v-6, i-SUPPL.6, pp-4808-4813, 2013.

[7]. Ganeshram.V., Achudhan.M., Synthesis and characteriza tion of

phenol formaldehyde resin as a binder used for coated abrasives, Indian
Journal of Science and Technology, v-6, iSUPPL.6, pp-4814-4823, 2013.

[8]. Achudhan M., Prem Jayakumar M., Mathematical modeling and

control of an electrically heated catalyst, International
IJESC, April 2020
http:// ijesc.org/
Journal of Applied Engineering Research, v-9, i-23, pp-23013-, 2014.

[9]. Anbazhagan R., Satheesh B., Gopalakrishnan K., Mathe matical

modeling and simulation of modern cars in the role of stability analysis,
Indian Journal of Science and Technology, v6, i-SUPPL5, pp-4633-4641,
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[10]. Udayakumar R., Kaliyamurthie K.P., Khanaa, Thooyamani K.P.,

Data mining a boon: Predictive system for university topper women in
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42
[11]. Kaliyamurthie K.P., Parameswari D., Udayakumar R., QOS aware
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Assessment of Project work:-
1) Progressive Assessment (PA) ----- 50 marks
2) End Semester Examination (ESE) ---- 50 marks

Criteria of marks for PA

Sr. No. Criteria Marks

1 Project proposal/ identification
10
2 Punctuality and overall contribution
3 Project Diary
4 Execution of plan 20
5 Project report including documentation 15
6 Presentation 05
Total 50

Criteria of marks for ESE

Sr. Criteria Marks

No.
1 Project proposal/ identification
2 Punctuality and overall contribution 05
3 Project Diary
4 Execution of plan 10
5 Project report including documentation 10
6 Presentation 15
Total 50

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 Evaluation sheet for internal assessment
Name of Programme:- Mechanical Engineering.
Semester:- Sixth
Course Title:- CAPSTONE PROJECT- Execution and Report
Writing,
Code:- 22060
Title of Capstone Project:- HYDRAULIC FLOOR CRANE.
A. PO’s addressed by the capstone project:- Implement the planned activity
as team
B. CO’s addressed by the capstone project:-. Take appropriate
decisions based on collected and analysed information.
C. Other Learning Outcomes Achieved Through this Project
1. Unit Outcomes:-We know about hydraulic system.
2. Practical Outcomes:- We understand design and fabrication process
and other like welding, Grinding, and Driling Operations etc.
Sr. No. Roll Name of Enrollment Marks out of Total
No. Student No. out of
1 3501 PRATIK KOLI 1900270141 10 20 15 05 50
2 3503 JATIN KADU 1800270117
3 3504 HARSH PATIL 1800270178
4 3526 DEEP MALI 1900270111

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