Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati

EE630: Mobile Communication (Mid-semester Examination, 2021-2022)

Time allowed: 2 hours Max Marks: 35 marks

1. (a) State the multiple access scheme employed in each of the following mobile radio
systems (FDMA, TDMA or CDMA) [0.5+ 0.5 mark]
i. GSM T DMA
ii. AMPS F DMA
(b) The medium of propagation in wireless systems is termed as unreliable. State four
factors that affects the channel. [1 mark]
(c) What are the limitations of devices used for wireless transmission? [1 mark]
(d) How do you think multiple access schemes influence the data rate of a wireless
system. [1 mark]
(e) According to you, what are the parameters that leads to signal attenuation at very
high frequency. What can be done in order to combat attenuation at very high
frequency? [1 mark]

2. (a) State how sectoring is different from microcell zone concept. [1.5 marks]
(b) Why handoff in CDMA is soft handoff and that in TDMA and FDMA multiple
access schemes is hard handoff? [1.5 marks]

3. What is Grade of service? How is it related to trunking efficiency? [3 marks]

4. A hexagonal cell with 7 cell reuse pattern has a radius of 1.962 km and a total of 105
channels are used in the system. If the load per user is 0.03 Erlangs, and the average
number of call requests is 2 call/hour, compute the following for Erlang C system that
has a 5% probability of delayed call. [2+2 marks]

(a) The number of users supported by this system per square kilometer is 300
Answer:
Cell radius, R = 1.962 km
Area covered per cell is 2.598 × (1.962)2 = 10 sq km
Number of cells per cluster, N = 7
Total number of channels= 105
Number of channels per cell, 105/7 = 15
For C = 15 and probability of delay = 5%, traffic intensity using Erlang C chart= 9
Erlangs
Number of users = traffic intensity using Erlang C chart/traffic per user=9/0.03 =
300
(b) The probability that a call will be delayed for more than 10 secs is 0.33
Answer:
H = Au /λ = 0.03 × 3600/2 = 54

1
 P r(delay > 10sec|delay) = exp(−(C − A)t/H) = exp(−(15 − 9)10/54)
= 0.3292

5. The EM wave propagation model in indoor environment differs from that for the outdoor
channel conditions. What are the factors that makes indoor propagation different from
the outdoor propagation? [3 marks]
6. Consider the set of empirical measurements of Pr /Pt given in the table below for an
indoor system at 900 MHz. Assume that d0 = 1 m. [3+1+2+1+2+1 marks]

Distance from transmitter Pr /Pt

10 m -70 dB
20 m -75 dB
50 m -90 dB
100 m -110 dB
300 m -125 dB

(a) The path loss exponent n that minimizes the mean square error between the sim-
plified model and the empirical dB power measurements is 3.71
Answer:
5
X
F (n) = (P Lempirical (di ) − P Ltheoritical (di ))2
i=1
= (−70 − K + 10n log10 (10))2 + (−75 − K + 10n log10 (20))2
+(−90 − K + 10n log10 (50))2 + (−110 − K + 10n log10 (100))2
+(−125 − K + 10n log10 (300))2
where K(dB) = 20 log10 (1/(12π)) = −31.53dB. On substituting, we get

F (n) = (−38.47 + 10n)2 + (−43.47 + 13.01n)2 + (−58.47 + 16.99n)2

+(−78.47 + 20n)2 + (−93.47 + 24.78n)2
= 1572n2 − 11658n + 21683 .

In order to determine n that minimizes MSE, we differentiate and equate F (n) to

zero. We get n = 3.71.
(b) The received power at 150m for the simplified path loss model with path loss expo-
nent in part 1 and a transmit power of 1mW is −112.263 dBm.
Answer:
Pr (150m)(in dBm) = 0 − 31.53 − 10 × 3.71 × log10 (150) = −112.263dBm

(c) The variance of log-normal shadowing about the mean path loss based on these
empirical measurements is
Answer:
1
(1572 × (3.71)2 − 11658 × 3.71 + 21683) = 13.8
5
2
(d) The outage probability at 150m, assuming a transmit power of Pt = 10mW and min-
imum power requirement Pmin = −110.5 dBm is 0.0851 (Use Q(x) ≤ exp(−x2 /2))
Answer:

Pout = P r(Pr (150m) < −110.5dBm)

= P r(10 − 31.53 − 10 × 3.71 × log10 (150) < −110.5)
 
−110.5 − (10 − 31.53 − 10 × 3.71 × log10 (150)
= 1−Q √
13.8
= 1 − Q(−2.22) = Q(2.22) = exp(−2.222 /2) = 0.0851

Q(2.22) = 0.0132 and using approximation Q(2.22) = 0.0851.

(e) The coverage area for a cell with the combined path loss and shadowing models,
a cell radius of 600m, a base station transmit power of Pt = 100mW=20dBm,
and minimum received power requirement of Pmin = −110dBm is 0.59 and of
Pmin = −120dBm is 0.9874 .(Use Q(x) ≤ exp(−x2 /2))
Answer:
γ − Pt + P L(d0 ) + 10n log10 (R/d0 )
a= √
2σ
−110 − 20 − K + 10 × 3.71 log10 (600)
a= √ = 0.88
2 × 3.71

10 × 3.71 × log10 e
b= √ = 3.07
2 × 3.71

√ !
√
 
1 − 2 × 0.88 × 3.07 2(1 − 0.88 × 3.07)
U(−110dBm) = Q(0.88 2) + exp Q
3.072 3.07
= 0.59

−120 − 20 − K + 10 × 3.71 log10 (600)

a= √ = −1.03
2 × 3.71

10 × 3.71 × log10 e
b= √ = 3.07
2 × 3.71

√ !
√
 
1 + 2 × 1.03 × 3.07 2(1 + 1.03 × 3.07)
U(−110dBm) = Q(−1.03 2) + exp Q
3.072 3.07
= 0.9874

(f) Based on the obtained coverage area in part 5, state which is the more acceptable
value for the coverage area. −120 dBm

3
7. Consider a linear time-invariant channel consisting of two equal rays [3 marks]

g(t, τ ) = δ(τ ) + δ(τ − τ1 ) .

Derive an expression for magnitude response of the channel |T (f, t)| and sketch showing
all important points.
Answer:
Z ∞  
T (f, t) = F T [g(t, τ )] = δ(τ ) + δ(τ − τ1 ) exp(−2πf τ )dτ = 1 − exp(−2πf τ1 )
−∞
p p
|T (f, t)| = (1 + cos(2πf τ1 ))2 + (sin(2πf τ1 ))2 = 2 + 2 cos(2πf τ1 ) = 2| cos(πf τ1 )|
Sketch is plot for absolute value of cosine function with amplitude and frequency twice
of that for cosine function.

8. The power delay profile of a WSSUS channel is given by

φg (τ ) = e−τ /T , τ ≥ 0 .

Assuming that T = 10µs, determine [1+1+1+1 marks]

(a) the mean delay (in µs) 10

Answer: R∞
τ φg (τ )dτ
τ̄ = R0 ∞ =T
0
φg (τ )dτ

(b) the rms delay spread (in µs) 10

Answer: sR
0
∞ 2
τ φg (τ )dτ √
στ = R ∞ − τ̄ 2 = 2T 2 − T 2 = T
0
φg (τ )dτ

(c) the coherence bandwidth of the channel (consider 90% correlation) (in kHz) 2
Answer:
1
Bc =
50στ
(d) Does the channel exhibits frequency-selective fading to the GSM system with band-
width 200kHz. (Y/N) Y

Hints

Pr (dBm) = Pt (dBm) + K(dB) − 10n log10 (d/d0)

where
 
λ
K(dB) = 20 log10
4πd0

4
 √ !
√
 
1 − 2ab 2(1 − ab)
U(γ) = Q( 2a) + exp Q
b2 b

γ − Pt + P L(d0 ) + 10n log10 (R/d0 )

a= √
2σ

10n log10 e
b= √
2σ