Science: Quarter 2 - The "Magnifier"
Science: Quarter 2 - The "Magnifier"
Science: Quarter 2 - The "Magnifier"
Science
Quarter 2 – Module 1
The “Magnifier”
Science – Grade 7
Self-Learning Module
Quarter 2 – Module 1: The “Magnifier”
First Edition, 2020
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This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear learners, can
continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions, directions,
exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you to understand each lesson.
Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by-step as
you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.
Pre-test are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in each SLM. This
will tell you if you need to proceed on completing this module, or if you need to ask
your facilitator or your teacher’s assistance for better understanding of the lesson. At
the end of each module, you need to answer the post-test to self-check your learning.
Answer keys are provided for each activity and test. We trust that you will be honest in
using these.
In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teachers are also provided to
the facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how they can best help
you on your home-based learning.
Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any part of this
SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises and tests. Read the
instructions carefully before performing each task.
If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering the tasks in
this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator.
Thank you.
What I Need to Know
Hi! Have a great day! Welcome to the nature of Biology, wherein you will learn
the diversity of life. Do you know that living things of unique classes, big or small
consist of cells? Yes, some organisms are single- celled others are made up of billions
of cells like our body or have trillions like the elephants.
Most cells are so small that they cannot be seen by our naked eye. But, how
can we examine these cells? We are grateful and lucky enough that our scientists and
inventors in their times built a microscope, a special equipment or tool to make small
objects like cells look bigger. In this module, you will learn the brief history and types
of microscope. You will also study the parts of the microscope and how does each part
function. Knowing this lesson is very essential in your future use especially in viewing
different internal structures of living things under the microscope.
The module is divided into two lessons, specifically:
• Define Microscope;
• state the function of a microscope;
• identify the various type of microscope;
• label the parts of the microscope; and
• describe the functions of each part of the microscope.
What I Know
Directions: Read each item carefully. Write only the letter of the correct answer for
each question. Write your answer on your activity notebook.
1. What tool is used to help you see tiny objects and living organisms?
A. Goggles
B. Microscope
C. Stethoscope
D. Telescope
2. Who invented the first compound microscope?
A. Isaac Newton
B. Robert Hooke
C. Alexander Grahambell
D. Hans & Zacharias Janssen
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3. Which two parts of the light microscope magnify the image of an object?
A. Eyepiece & mirror
B. Eyepiece & objective
C. Objectives & mirror
D. Objectives & diaphragm
For items 4 to 6, use the letters in the figure to answer the questions.
4. What part moves the body tube and objectives up and down?
A. Part A
B. Part B
C. Part H
D. Part I
6. Which part will you adjust if the onion cell you are observing under HPO is not
clear?
A. Part B
B. Part C
C. Part G
D. Part J
7. What makes a microscope determine how clearly a small object can be viewed?
A. Mirror & eyepiece
B. Mirror & magnification
C. Objectives & resolution
D. Magnification & resolution
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9. What type of microscope which uses visible light to form an image?
A. Optical Microscope
B. Electron Microscope
C. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)
D. Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM)
11. Why do you have to watch from the side when changing objectives?
I. Objectives are of different lengths.
II. The HPO is longer and can easily crash into the cover slip and slide.
III. It allows one to tilt the microscope, so viewing is possible while
seated.
IV. This is done to prevent accidental crashing of the objectives into the
slide and breakage of lens, slide, or cover slip.
A. I & II only
B. I & III only
C. I & IV only
D. II & III only
13. A plant cell is viewed using a 10x eyepiece and 43x HPO. How much will the cell be
magnified?
A. 10x
B. 43x
C. 143x
D. 430x
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14. How does a mirror help in studying the specimen in a microscope?
A. It cleans the cover slip.
B. It cleans the glass slide.
C. It gives light to the specimen.
D. It gives light directly to the eyes of the user.
15. Why it is necessary for the specimen to be observed under the microscope must be
thin?
A. So that the image will be clearer.
B. So that the image would be larger.
C. So that light could pass through the specimen.
D. So that the high magnification objective can be used.
What’s In
Hello kids! In you earlier grades, you learned that the basic unit of structure and
function of all living things is called cell. Living things may have millions or trillions of
cells called multicellular organisms or may contain one cell called unicellular.
We cannot see the cells using our own eye because they are too tiny. Have you ever
imagine how the scientists discover what would the structure of the cells really look
like? How are these true identities of the objects being revealed? What different tools
can we use to make things bigger? Can you name some of it? Where is it being used?
Write your answer in a separate sheet of paper.
TOOL/S USE/S
As we go along with our lesson, activities will be more exciting and thrilling. Are you
ready? Let’s get started.
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What’s New
Everything in this world has its origin, where it came from, who invented it, when and
how it exists. And through this activity, we will discover different scientists who lead to
the invention of microscope and when did it started.
What to Do:
On the early 13th century, spectacle makers were producing lenses for
glasses. The early simple “microscopes” were known as “flea glasses” because
they were used to study small insects.
A father- son duo, Zacharias and Hans Jansen, created the first
microscope in the 1590s.
In the year 1625, Galileo Galilei perfects the principle of microscope.
Anton van Leewenhuek built a simple microscope in 1674 with only one
lens to examine blood, yeast, insects and many other tiny objects.
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Here are your criteria to follow in answering this task in order for you to be guided and
lead to an appropriate answer.
FEATURES 4 3 2 1
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What is It
Hans and Zacharias Jansen produced the first compound microscope in the
1590s. They were Dutch eyeglass makers. They began experimenting with ways to use
different lenses. When they put a lens at the end of a small tube, they discovered that
the objects near the end were magnified more than the lens by itself could achieve.
Galileo Galilei was credited with inventing one of the first compound microscope in the
year 1625. It is called compound microscope because it has more than one lens. He
added a focusing device to his microscope and of course went on to explore the
heavens with his telescopes.
In 1665, Robert Hooke had access to many microscopes available in Royal
Society of London. He examined everything he could get his hands on. When he
examined a very thin slice of cork, he thought the close- up views resembled small,
empty rooms. It reminded him of small rooms found in monastery; thus he named
these rooms’ cells. This gives way to the discovery of cell.
In 1674, Anton van Leeuwenhoek, Dutch scientist, worked to create stronger
lenses that result to more powerful microscope. He was one of the first scientists able
to observe bacteria movement in a single drop of pond water.
The prototype for the compound microscope was credited to Joseph Jackson Lister in
1830, which reduces spherical aberration or the “chromatic effect” by showing that
several weak lenses used together at certain distances gave good magnification
without blurring the image.
Ernst Abbe, research director of the Zeiss Optical Works, wrote a mathematical
formula called the “Abbe Sine Condition”. His formula provided calculations that
allowed for the maximum resolution in microscopes possible in 1872.
In 1903, Richard Zsigmondy developed the ultra- microscope that could study objects
below the wavelength of light and he won the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1925.
Frits Zernike invented the phase- contrast microscope in 1932 that allowed for the
study of colorless and transparent biological materials for which he won the Nobel
Prize in Physics in 1953.
In 19th century, companies in Germany like Zeiss and an American company
founded by Charles Spencer began producing fine optical microscope.
Today, there are no microscope manufacturers in the US and most of the
microscope comes from Germany, Japan and China.
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What’s More
Are you getting familiar with the inventors and their contribution in the
invention and innovation of the microscope? Let us have another trial for the
overflowing information presented by this module. Let’s start!
Make a brief timeline in the invention of microscope and we will call it “TIMEZONE
TRAVEL FROM THE PAST TO THE PRESENT”; the first one is already done for you
as a guide.
1590
Father- and- son
duo, Zacahrias &
Hans Janssen,
invented the first
compound
microscope.
Today 1950
Now that you’ve learned a lot from our module, let us test your knowledge with
our lesson by simply answering the question below. Are you ready? Let’s start.
Directions: Describe the following scientists below and tell something about their
contribution on the invention of the microscope. Write your answer on your activity
notebook.
SCIENTISTS CONTRIBUTIONS
1. Robert Hooke
2. Hans & Zacharias Janssen
3. Anton van Leeuwenhoek
4. Richard Zsigmondy
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What’s New
Good job! You made it! In the previous activity, you were able to tell how was
the microscope started and who are the scientists who made that device possible. I
hope you can use the same skills about the activities we will discuss in this module.
Are you excited? Let’s start!
But before we’re going to proceed with the next activity, I will show you an example of
a compound microscope and its different parts.
Revolving
Coarse Adjustment Nosepiece
Objective Lens
Arm
Stage Clip
Diaphragm
Base
Mirror
Do you now recognize the parts of the microscope? Let us try this activity just for you.
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2
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4
6
9 8
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What is It
What is a microscope? What are the different parts and its functions? What are the
types of microscopes?
A microscope comes from the Ancient Greek micros meaning “small” and skopien,
means “to look”, is a tool which can help you see tiny objects and living organism. It
makes them look bigger. The science of investigating small objects and structures
using such an instrument is called microscopy.
What makes a microscope determine how clearly a small object can be viewed?
1. Optical microscope- uses visible light to form an image. It uses glass lenses to
magnify and resolve images. The image that was formed can be viewed from an
eyepiece. It has two types:
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A. Compound- uses two or more double convex lenses to magnify the object; it can
magnify object up to 1200x
B. Stereomicroscope- also known as dissecting microscope; it magnifies the object
100x and gives three- dimensional image
2. Electron microscope-uses high energy
electron beams to form an image. The image that
was formed can only be viewed from a
photographic plate or from a computer screen; the
image magnified can reach up to 2 000 000x.
A. Transmissi
on electron microscope (TEM)- electron beam passes
through an ultra- thin sample; the image
magnified and focused onto an imaging device
such as fluorescent screen, to be examined in fine
detail
B. Scanning
electron microscope (SEM)- electron beam bounces
off from the surface of the sample; thus, the image
provided is three- dimensional
Parts and Function of a Microscope
1. Eyepiece or Ocular lens, this is the part used to look through the microscope.
2. Body tubeor Lens tubeis connected with the eyepiece and its main task is to
hold it.
3. Revolving nosepiece, it holds the objective lenses. It is movable and it can revolve
the objective lenses depending on the magnification power of the lens.
4. Arm, this is the part connecting the base and to the head and the eyepiece tube to
the base of the microscope. It gives support to the head of the microscope and it is
also used when carrying the microscope.
5. Objectives/ objective lenses, are the major lenses used for specimen
visualization. Most schools have light microscope with three objectives and others
have four. Usually, the shortest one marked 3x, 4x or 5x is called scanner. The
lower power objective (LPO) is marked 10x or 12x, while the high power
objective (HPO) is marked 40x, 43x or 60x. The objectives magnify the object to
be observed to a certain size as indicated by the 3x, 10x or 40x, etc. marks.
6. Stage is the platform that holds the specimen or sample for viewing.
8. Diaphragm controls the amount of light that passes through the specimen.
9. Coarse adjustment focuses images under the scanner and the low- power
objectives.
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10. Fine adjustment focuses images under the high- power and oil- immersion
objectives.
11. Light source provides light for the specimen (could be a lamp or a mirror).
What’s More
I’m so happy that you did a great job in every challenge in this module. Now, let us
test how far you’ve gone with our lesson. Be ready with your mind and brain to answer
every task. Write your answer on your activity notebook.
1
2 3
7 8
10
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ACROSS
2- a tool which can help you see tiny objects and living organism
4- it supports the microscope
5- controls the amount of light that passes through the specimen
7- provides a space where the slide can be examined
9- provides light for the specimen
10- magnify the specimens
DOWN
1- focuses images under the high- power and oil- immersion objectives
3- holds the slide in place
6- used to carry the microscope
8- part where the viewer views the sample
Good job! It truly shows how much you enjoyed and learned our lesson. Are you ready
to have some more? Let’s start the ball rolling.
Directions: Match the function of the microscope in Column A with its part in Column
B. Write the letter of your answer in your activity notebook.
COLUMN A COLUMN B
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What I Can Do
Congratulations! You’re fantastic and really enjoyed your exploration in the world of
microscopy. Here is your final challenge to prove what you got. Write your answer in
your activity notebook.
In this time of CoVID19 Pandemic, how useful is the microscope in detecting the
viruses? What kind of microscope is being used in studying this kind of
virus?
Here are your criteria to follow in answering this task in order for you to be guided and
lead to an appropriate answer.
FEATURES 4 3 2 1
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Assessment
Directions: Read each itemcarefully. Write only the letter of the correct answer for
each question. Write your answer on your activity notebook.
1. In what year did the father-and-son duo spectacles- makers create the first
microscope?
A. 1590
B. 1667
C. 1675
D. 1830
2. Who uses the microscope with only one lens to observe insects and other
specimens?
A. Robert Hooke
B. Richard Zsigmondy
C. Anton van Leeuwenhoek
D. Hans & Zacharias Janssen
3. Who invented the ultra- microscope which allows the observation of specimens
below the wavelength of light is ______________.
A. Robert Hooke
B. Richard Zsigmondy
C. Anton van Leeuwenhoek
D. Hans & Zacharias Janssen
For items 4 to 6, use the letters in the figure to answer the questions.
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5. Edgar needs to raise the stage to focus the specimen he is studying using the low
power objective. Which part should he manipulate?
A. Part A
B. Part B
C. Part C
D. Part E
6. You are to transfer the microscope to the next room. What parts should you hold
to carry the microscope properly?
A. Part C & E
B. Part B & C
C. Part A & F
D. Part E & J
7. Which part will you adjust if the object you are observing under the HPO is NOT
clear?
A. Coarse adjustment
B. Inclination joint
C. fine adjustment
D. Diaphragm
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12. Which should be used to observe bacteria?
A. 60x obj. and 15x eyepiece
B. 3x obj. and 10x eyepiece
C. 97x obj. with immersion oil and 5x obj
D. 60x obj. with the immersion and 10x eyepiece
14. A student wants to see the parts of a plant cell in detail. What part of the
microscope will be manipulated?
A. Eyepiece
B. Objective lenses
C. Fine adjustment knob
D. Coarse adjustment knob
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Additional Activities
Directions: Encircle the parts of the microscope inside the Word Search Box in
vertical, horizontal or slanting spot and write its function below. Write your answer on
your activity notebook.
X V L M M V B A S E T R D F G L O Q X Z T Y O P F
R V B H Y T U I N X M V A W U T C C C C T T Y K I
E S R T U V B O L T E Z A Z H G U V X A Y G H L N
V E C Y Y B R G H L P O A A B V L B F R B B B N E
O R Z B B T E A P I L O Q P C B A N N T Z B Z F A
L Y A N O X S B R Y Q I S O X H R Z K G X J X X D
V G E M L W O O B M D L T U V N D A U B C O D Z J
I B F E P W R A H U X J V U B H T S U N T P R Y U
N B T C M Z T T B R V H C J N N G D J H Y G Y T S
G N Y X I Q T D C E G G Z D I A P H R A G M I O T
N G P T R Y B A X W G V V C F T E N U N U U I P M
O Z I G R P N P Z T O R G F E C D H J V S T A G E
S S Y B O O M O R Y A Y H H R B R Y B B N H R I N
E T H V R I O U T R T J J T Y B T W L G O M S K T
P Y T G U O T H Z E B R S R U O Y W P T B A A Q X
I U B O R T E W Z V T B Y T O D G Q X A J T T W Z
E H Y G Z W Q T Y H B O Y V O Y B E C A E W Y R Y
C O A R S E A D J U S T M E N T B R Z S C W R T T
E Q M T Y I O O P X Z C V S Q U N T X S T L G G S
T W M W E R J K G D T T Q Y T B M X X Q I I G H D
R R N S F F V M Y O E T S R G E R Y T O V P B N E
F Y V X C H Y O T G N T Z T V G B Y T Y E O X M R
H U U C Z Y H P R F T H Z V C N V G J K S I Z L T
K I O I U R E R T J G H L L D M K L O P U Y Q P F
B S T A G E C L I P S F R Y H N M M K Q T A B C V
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Answer Key
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.10.11.12.13.14.15.
B D B D A A C B C D D C D C D
. C. D. D. C
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 12 13 14 15
11.
. D. B . A. C. A. C. D. C A C
.
. B
References
Books
Websites
biologyonline.com.n.d. https://www.biologyonline.com (accessed June 5, 2020).
Google.com. n.d. https://sites.google.com/a/amschool.org/7th-grade-
math/grade2/march23-26 (accessed June 1, 2020).
micro.magnet.n.d. https://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/primer.primergal.html (accessed
June 2, 2020).
MicroscopeWorld. n.d. www.MicroscopeWorld.com (accessed June 2, 2020).
Peñol, Joevanie S. slideshare.net. n.d.
https://www.slideshare.net/mobile/joevani_007-parts-and-functions (accessed
June 6, 2020).
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EDITOR’S NOTE
This Self – learning Module (SLM) was developed by the DepEd SOCCSKSARGEN
with primary objective of preparing for ang addressing the new normal. Contents of
this module were based on DepEd’s Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELC).
This is a supplementary material used by all learners of Region XII in all public
schools beginning 2020 – 2021. This process of LR development was observed in
the production of this module. This version 1.0. We highly encourage feedback,
comments and recommendations.