Introduction To Architectural Visual Communication 3

Far Eastern University JANUARY 2021
Institute of Architecture and Fine Arts

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TOPIC: INTRODUCTION TO ARCHITECTURAL VISUAL COMMUNICATION 3
Architectural Graphic Presentation is used to express information visually that will provide the inter relationship, identity, and
form of spaces and/or place. This can be done in 2d, 3d or 4d manner.
Architectural Drawing System can be classified as:
• Projection System
o Orthographic projection – projectors are parallel to each other and perpendicular to the picture plane.
Axonometric Projection is a special case of orthographic projection
o Oblique projection – projectors are parallel to each other and oblique to picture plane
o Perspective projection – projectors or sightlines radiate from a central point that represent the single eye
of the observer.
• Pictorial system
o Multi-view drawings – the principal face in each view is oriented parallel to the picture plane. Example of
multi-view drawing system are plans, sections and elevation
Perspective refers to any of various graphic techniques for depicting volumes and spatial relationships on a flat surface, such as
size perspective and atmospheric perspective. Most often thought as the drawing system of linear perspective
Linear Perspective - is a geometric method of depicting three-dimensional subjects on a two-dimensional format. Linear
perspective creates the illusions of depth and dimension by modeling monocular vision.
Monocular vision describes how one eye perceives depth. Binocular vision describes how both of our eyes in combination
perceive depth
Three Basic Principles of Linear Perspective

• diminution
• convergence
• foreshortening
Diminution - receding forms appear increasingly smaller
ARC 1303: ARCHITECTURAL VISUAL COMMUNICATION 3

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Convergence receding forms appear increasingly closer together
Foreshortening - receding planes appear to shorten
Linear Perspective Terms

Horizon
The horizon is the line where the sky meets land or water. The height of the horizon will influence the placement of the vanishing
points and the eye level of the scene.
Vanishing Point
A vanishing point is the place where parallel lines appear to meet in the distance. With the example below, the parallel lines of
the road recede and visually merge to create a single vanishing point on the horizon. There is no limit to the number of
vanishing points a scene may have.
Ground Plane
The ground plane is the horizontal surface below the horizon. It may be land or water. In the example below, the ground plane is
level. If the ground plane were sloped or hilly, the vanishing point, which is created by the path’s parallel lines, may not
rest on the horizon and may appear as if it’s on an inclined plane.
Orthogonal Lines
These are lines that are directed to a vanishing point such as the parallel lines of railroad tracks. Orthogonal means right angle.
It refers to right angles that are formed by lines such as the corner of a cube shown in perspective.
Station Point
Not to be confused with vanishing point, the vantage point is the place from which a scene is viewed. The placement of the
horizon and the vanishing points affect the vantage point.

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Picture Plane
The picture plane translates three-dimensional space onto a two-dimensional surface. The picture plane is always perpendicular
to the viewer’s line of sight. A perpendicular angle is a 90-degree angle. So the picture plane always forms a 90-degree angle to
the viewer’s line of sight

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Perspective Variables
• Distance from the Station Point to the Object

• Height of the Vanishing Point
• Angle of View
• Location of the Picture Plane
Types of Perspective
• One Point Perspective

• Two Point Perspective
• Three Point Perspective
• Non-Rectangular Forms
• Multipoint Perspective
Types of Views
• Man’s Eye View

• Bird’s Eye View
• Worm’s Eye view

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Introduction To Architectural Visual Communication 3

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Far Eastern University JANUARY 2021

Institute of Architecture and Fine Arts

Three Basic Principles of Linear Perspective

Diminution - receding forms appear increasingly smaller

ARC 1303: ARCHITECTURAL VISUAL COMMUNICATION 3

Convergence receding forms appear increasingly closer together

Foreshortening - receding planes appear to shorten

Linear Perspective Terms

ARC 1303: ARCHITECTURAL VISUAL COMMUNICATION 3

ARC 1303: ARCHITECTURAL VISUAL COMMUNICATION 3

• Distance from the Station Point to the Object

• One Point Perspective

• Man’s Eye View

ARC 1303: ARCHITECTURAL VISUAL COMMUNICATION 3

ARC 1303: ARCHITECTURAL VISUAL COMMUNICATION 3

ARC 1303: ARCHITECTURAL VISUAL COMMUNICATION 3

ARC 1303: ARCHITECTURAL VISUAL COMMUNICATION 3

ARC 1303: ARCHITECTURAL VISUAL COMMUNICATION 3

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