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Computer Graphics - PPT

Computer graphics is a field that deals with digital images and pictures. It involves generating images using computer hardware and software. There are several definitions of computer graphics, but they generally refer to the creation, manipulation, and display of images using computers. Computer graphics is used in many fields like science, engineering, medicine, business, entertainment, education, and more. It allows for interactive and realistic graphics using techniques like 3D modeling. There are two main types: raster graphics which uses pixels, and vector graphics which uses mathematical equations and geometry.

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801 views

Computer Graphics - PPT

Computer graphics is a field that deals with digital images and pictures. It involves generating images using computer hardware and software. There are several definitions of computer graphics, but they generally refer to the creation, manipulation, and display of images using computers. Computer graphics is used in many fields like science, engineering, medicine, business, entertainment, education, and more. It allows for interactive and realistic graphics using techniques like 3D modeling. There are two main types: raster graphics which uses pixels, and vector graphics which uses mathematical equations and geometry.

Uploaded by

rj
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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 Computer Graphics is a field which deals with PICTURES and

IMAGES.

 Definition: Computer graphics is a process associated with


producing images by digital rendering of a picture model.

 Definition: Computer graphics is a process of generation of


images of virtual scenes using computer hardware.

 Definition: Computer Graphics is a human oriented system that


uses the capabilities of a computer to create, transform and
display pictorial and symbolic data.

 Definition: Computer Graphics is a pictorial representation and


manipulation of data by a computer.
 Communicating with the graphics packages during creation and
manipulation of images and pictures is called interactive
computer graphics.
 Computers have become a powerful tool for the rapid
and economical production of pictures.
-There is virtually no area in which graphical displays
are not used, advances in computer technology has
made interactive computer graphics a practical tool.
-Computer Graphics is used in various areas like
science, engineering, medicine, business, industry,
government, art, entertainment, advertising,
education & training and simulation.
Presentation Graphics:
 Presentation Graphics is a major application area of
Computer Graphics .
 It is used to produce illustration for reports or to
generate 35-mm slides or transparencies for use with
projectors.
 It is commonly used to summarize financial, statistical
, mathematical , scientific and economic data for
research report, managerial reports, consumer
information bulletins and other types of reports.
 Some very popular presentation software, such as
Microsoft's Power point and Lotus's Freelance
Graphics, Adobe Persuasion, Astound, Asymetrix
Compel, Corel Presentations, and Harvard Graphics.
Entertainment
 Computer Graphics has emerged as a new form of art
 The entertainment industry became an area where
Computer Graphics is widely used.
 The Computer Graphics methods are commonly used
in making motion pictures, music, videos, cartoons ,
animations and television shows.
 Sometimes the graphics scenes are displayed by
themselves and sometimes graphics objects are
combined with the actors and live scene.
 Lots of graphics is used in entertainment like,
 Michael Jackson’s music album Black and White where a
technique called morphing is used.
 Special effects are used in Movies using Computer Graphics
e.g. Terminator movie-Actor turning to robot.
 Robot movie itself is full of graphics
 Lots of animated movies are made by using Computer
Graphics e.g. kids cartoon movies, shrek, iceage.
 In Jurasic park movie Computer Graphics made dinosaurs
possible.
 Almost all the risky stunt scenes are created using
Computer Graphics.
 Use of Computer Graphics has made entertainment
industry more live and interesting.
 Some of the softwares used are Autodesk 3dsmax
Autodesk Maya, Zbrush, Motion Builder
Education & Training
 Computer generated models of physical, financial
and economic systems are used for educational
purpose.
 Models of physical systems, physiological systems,
population trends or equipment.
 Lots of animated videos are nowadays used to
teach students working of topics and concepts
which make understanding simpler and easier.
 Some training applications special systems are designed
using graphics.

 E.g. specialized systems known as simulator, they are used


for practices sessions or training of ship captions, aircraft
pilots heavy equipment operators, and air traffic control.

 Some simulation have video screen like and some don’t


have video
Image Processing
 Image processing is one of the important areas of
computer graphics
 Image processing deals with manipulating and
interpreting the existing images rather than
developing and creating them.
 Two principal application of image processing are:
 Improving picture quality
 Machine perception of visual information as used in robotics.
 To apply image processing methods the photo or
picture is digitized and converted to image file.

 Then the image can be rearranged enhanced its color,


improved quality of shading

 Noise is removed from the image.

 Image processing is extensively used in commercial art


applications.
 Medical applications also use image processing
extensively.

 E.g. Tomography is a technique of x-ray photography


that allows cross-sectional view of physiological
systems to be displayed.

 Medical image technique includes ultra-sonic and


nuclear medicine scanner.

 Computer aided surgery is also one of the application


of image processing.
 Digitally processed images for weather forecasting
Raster graphics vs Vector graphics
 [Important terminology: Pixel: Each screen point on
display device is known as pixel or pel (short form of
picture element]
Raster Graphics Vector graphics
Raster graphics are composed of pixels Vector graphics are composed of paths

A raster or pixel graphics generates images Vector graphics use the coordinate system
in a form of an array of pixels of various to draw images. The data file for a vector
colors. image contains the points where paths start
and end.
The software like MS paint generates Graphics software like CAD (Computer
images through pixel/raster graphics. Aided Design) uses vector graphics.
Details of each and every pixel are stored to Vector images uses coordinate system and
generate an image. As it is stored using pixel hence can be scaled to be very large
the quality is not good when image is without losing quality
scaled.
All the details are stored in form of pixels hence Vector images are used to create logos, and
lot of memory is required. If only two colors are other designs that are required to be scaled
used around 1,572864 bytes are used for small and large.
786432 pixels with some extra attribute. As
colors increases the memory requirement
increases.
The raster/pixel graphics is very expensive in As the coordinate system is used memory is less
terms of memory. required compare to pixel graphics.

Pixel graphics is known as bitmap graphics The file formats of vector graphics are CGM,
e.g. gif, jpeg,tiff. Gerber format (RS-274X),SVG, Other 2D vector
formats, 3D vector formats

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