Homework 1

1. Classify each of the following as nominal, ordinal, interval, or ratio data.

a. The time required to produce each tire on an assembly line

b. The number of liters of milk a family drinks in a month
c. The ranking of four machines in your plant after they have been designated as excellent, good,
satisfactory, and poor
d. The telephone area code of clients in the United States
e. The age of each of your employees
f. The dollar sales at the local pizza shop each month

Ans 1

a) ratio
Because time is quantitative and can take any value between two definite value.

b) ratio
Because the number of quarts can take any value on a continuous scale (e.g. 1,2,.....100,....1000).

c) ordinal
Because all the four ranks have their priority over others.

d) nominal
Because the codes are categorical as there are limited number of std codes in US and the codes doesn't have any
priority order.

e) ratio
Because age can take any value between two definite values.

f) ratio
Because the sales value can take any fractional or integer valu

2. Is there a relationship between Facebook use and age among college students? The following
two-way table displays data for the 219 students who responded to the survey.
Age
Younger (18–22) Middle (23–27) Older (28 and up)
Facebook user? Yes 78 49 21
No 4 21 46

a. What percent of the students who responded were Facebook users?

b. What percent of the students in the sample were aged 28 or older?
c. What percent of the students who responded were older Facebook users?
d. What percent of the Facebook users in the sample were younger students?
e. Find the distribution of Facebook use for each of the three age groups. Make a stacked bar
graph to compare these distributions.
f. Describe what the graph in part (e) reveals about the association between age and Facebook
use.
 Facebook User?
Age Yes No Total
Younger (18 – 22) 78 4 82
Middle (23 – 27) 49 21 70
Older (28 and up) 21 46 67
Total 148 71 219
A=

OR 67.58%

B = 67/219 = 0.3059 OR 30.59%

C = 49 / 219 = 0.2237 OR 22.37%

D= 78 / 0.3562 OR 35.62%

100 Facebook Use

80
60
Percent

40
20
0
Younger Middle Older
Yes No
Looking at the table of conditional distributions and the graph, there does appear to be an association between age
and Facebook status. Wean see that the older the students are, the less likely they are to be a member of Facebook.
For younger students, about 95% are members. That drops to 70% for middle students and drops even further to
31.3% for older students.

3. A large investment firm on Wall Street wants to review the distribution of ages of its
stockbrokers. The firm believes that this information can be useful in developing plans to recruit
new brokers. The ages of a sample of 40 brokers are shown here.

46 28 51 34 29 40 38 33 41 52
53 40 50 33 36 41 25 38 37 41
36 50 46 33 61 48 32 28 30 49
41 37 26 39 35 39 46 26 31 35

a. Make a stem-and-leaf display.

b. Obtain the sample mean and median.
c. Find the sample 90th percentile.
d. Calculate the interquartile range and interpret this value.
e. Summarize the data in a frequency table and draw either a line diagram or a histogram.
f. Make a boxplot of the scores.
g. Comment on the location and shape of the distribution.
a.

Stem-and-Leaf Display: Age

Stem-and-leaf of Age N = 40
Leaf Unit = 1.0

6 2 566889
13 3 0123334
(10) 3 5566778899
17 4 001111
11 4 66689
6 5 00123
15
161

b. Sample mean= 38.85

Sample median=38.00.

c. Arrange the data in increasing order:

Age

25

26

26

28

28

29

30

31

32

33

33

33

34

35
35

36

36

37

37

38

38

39

39

40

40

41

41

41

41

46

46

46

48

49

50

50

51

52

53

61
N=total no. of observations=40, 0.9(N+1)=0.9*41=36.9

90th percentile=36th observation+0.9*(37th observation-36th observation)=50+0.9*(51-50)=50.9.

d. First quartile=Q1= 33.00

Third Quartile=Q3=46.00

Inter quartile range (IQR)=Q3-Q1=13.00.

e.

Class
boundary Frequency

25-30 7

30-35 8

35-40 10

40-45 4

45-50 7

50-55 3

55-60 0

60-65 1

Total 40

f.
g. From above boxplot and histogram, it is clear that the distribution is positively skewed.
 4. The number of items rejected daily by a manufacturer because of defects was recorded for the
past 30 days. The results are as follows.

4 9 13 7 5 8 12 15 5 7 3 8 15
17 19 6 4 10 8 22 16 9 5 3 9 19
14 13 18 7

a. Plot a dot diagram of the data.

b. Find the relative frequency of the number of items rejected that do not exceed .15.
c. Calculate the mean, the standard deviation, and the coefficient of variation.
d. Calculate the median and the quartiles.

a) Diagram:

We've drawn this graph in Minitab'16.

The necessary steps for drawing this graph is given below:

1. Enter the data in Minitab'16.
2. Click on "Graph".
3. Select the "dotplot".
4. Choose "One Y" , "simple" .
5. Click on OK.
6. Select the column where the data was stored as "graph variable".
7. Click on OK.
b) Table: 1(table showing necessary calculations for relative frequencies of the corresponding class)
 Class Frequency Relative frequency

2-7 11 0.366666667

7-12 8 0.266666667

12-17 7 0.233333333

17-22 4 0.133333333

Total 30 1
 The relative frequency of the number of items rejected that do not exceed 15 is 0.233333

c) Table:2( table showing necessary calculations for mean and s.d.)

Class class mark(xi) Frequency(fi) xi*fi fi*(xi-mean)^2

2-7 4.5 11.00 49.50 353.22

7-12 9.5 8.00 76.00 3.56

12-17 14.5 7.00 101.50 131.44

17-22 19.5 4.00 78.00 348.44

Total - 30.00 305.00 836.67

d) Median:

The middle most value of the ordered data(arrange in ascending order) is the median.
The ordered data is given below:
3 , 3 , 4 , 4 , 5 , 5 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 7 , 7 , 8 , 8 , 8 , 9 , 9 , 9 , 10 , 12 , 13 , 13 , 13 , 13 , 13 , 13 , 13 , 18 , 19 ,
19 , 22

Quartiles:

First Quartile:

which means
Third Quartile:

which means

I hope this clarifies your doubt. If you're satisfied with the solution, hit the Like button. For further
clarification, comment below. Thank You. :)

5. The Downtown Parking Authority of Tampa, Florida, reported the following information for a
sample of 250 customers on the number of hours cars are parked and the amount they are
charged.
Number of Hours Frequency Amount Charged
1 20 $3
2 38 6
3 53 9
4 45 12
5 40 14
6 13 16
7 5 18
8 36 20
250

a. Convert the information on the number of hours parked to a probability distribution. Is this a
discrete or a continuous probability distribution?
b. Find the mean and the standard deviation of the number of hours parked. How would you
answer the question: How long is a typical customer parked?
c. Find the mean and the standard deviation of the amount charged.

a.). Now we convert the number of hours into a probability distribution.

Hours Probability

2
 Hours Probability

8
from the above table we get to know that distrubution is discrete since the number of hours are
discrete.

here fi = frequency and xi= No of hours

Mean = (1* 20+2* 38+3*53 +4* 45+5* 40+6*13 +7*5 +8*36)/250
= 4.144

where   is mean

variance = 9.86*0.08+4.58*0.152+1.3*0.212+0.02*0.18+0.74*0.16+3.46*0.052+8.18*0.02+14.9*0.144
=4.38
then standard deviation =   = 

(B-2) coustomer parked for how many hours is

(20*1+38*2+53*3+45*4+40*5+13*6+5*7+36*8)/250
= 223min = 3hours 43 min
(C)

Amount charged Probability

3 (3/100 )=0.03

6 0.061

9 0.092
 Amount charged Probability

12 0.122

14 0.143

16 0.164

18 0.184

20 0.204
as done in b) we find mean and standard deviation

Mean = (3*0.03+6*0.061+9*0.092+12*0.122+14*0.143+16*0.164+18*0.184+20*0.204 )/100

Mean=14.77
variance =20.7 and standard deviation = 

6. According to the Consumer Electronics Manufacturers Association, 10% of all U.S.

households have a fax machine and 52% have a personal computer. Suppose 91% of all U.S.
households having a fax machine have a personal computer. A U.S. household is randomly
selected.

a. What is the probability that the household has a fax machine and a personal computer?
b. What is the probability that the household has a fax machine or a personal computer?
c. What is the probability that the household has a fax machine and does not have a personal
computer?
d. What is the probability that the household has neither a fax machine nor a personal computer?
e. What is the probability that the household does not have a fax machine and does have a
personal computer?

Let F = fax machine and C = personal computer

Given: P(F) = 0.10, P(C) = 0.52, P(C|F) = 0.91

(a) P(F Ç C) = P(C|F) * P(F) = 0.91 * 0.1 = 0.091

(b) P(F È C) = P(F) + P(C) – P(F Ç C) = 0.10 + 0.52 – 0.091 = 0.529

(c) P(Only F) = P(F) – P(F Ç C) = 0.10 – 0.091 = 0.009

(d) P(C|F) = 0.91 and P(C) = 0.52 are not equal. Therefore the events F and C are not
independent.