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Physics Practical 3

This document describes an experiment to plot a cooling curve and study the relationship between the temperature of a hot body and time according to Newton's Law of Cooling. The experiment involves heating water in a copper calorimeter, suspending it in a double-walled enclosure, and measuring its temperature at regular intervals as it cools while stirring continuously. A graph of temperature versus time will show an initial rapid decrease in temperature that slows over time, in agreement with Newton's Law that the cooling rate is proportional to the temperature difference between the body and its surroundings.

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MGK
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314 views

Physics Practical 3

This document describes an experiment to plot a cooling curve and study the relationship between the temperature of a hot body and time according to Newton's Law of Cooling. The experiment involves heating water in a copper calorimeter, suspending it in a double-walled enclosure, and measuring its temperature at regular intervals as it cools while stirring continuously. A graph of temperature versus time will show an initial rapid decrease in temperature that slows over time, in agreement with Newton's Law that the cooling rate is proportional to the temperature difference between the body and its surroundings.

Uploaded by

MGK
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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To Study the Relationship Between the Temperature of a Hot

Body and Time by Plotting a Cooling Curve

Aim
To study the relationship between the temperature of a hot body and time by plotting a
cooling curve.

Apparatus
Newton’s law of cooling apparatus (a thin-walled copper calorimeter suspended in a
double walled enclosure), two thermometers, clamp and stand, stop clock/watch.

Theory
Newton’s law of cooling, states that the rate of cooling (or rate of loss of heat) of a body
is directly proportional to the temperature difference between the body and its
surroundings, provided the temperature difference is small.
Diagram

Procedure

1. Fill the space between double wall of the enclosure with water and put the
enclosure on a laboratory table.
2. Fill the calorimeter two-third with water heated to about 80°C.
3. Suspend the calorimeter inside the enclosure along with a stirrer in it. Cover it with
a wooden lid having a hole in its middle.
4. Suspend from clamp and stand, one thermometer in enclosure water and the
other in calorimeter water.
5. Note least count of the thermometers.
6. Set the stop clock/watch at zero and note its least count.
7. Note temperature (T0) of water in enclosure.
8. Start stirring the water in calorimeter to make it cool uniformly.
9. Just when calorimeter water has some convenient temperature reading (say
70°C), note it and start the stop clock/watch.
10. Continue stirring and note temperature after every one minute. The temperature
falls quickly in the beginning.
11. Note enclosure water temperature after every five minutes.
12. When fall of temperature becomes slow note temperature at interval of two
minutes for 10 minutes and then at interval of 5 minutes.
13. Stop when fall of temperature becomes very slow.
14. Record your observations as given ahead.

Observations
Least count of enclosure water thermometer = ……………….°C
Least count of calorimeter water thermometer = ………..°C
Least count of stop clock/watch = …………….s.
Table for time and temperature

(Note. The ideal observations given above are as sample.)

Calculations
1. Temperature of water in enclosure will be found to remain same. If not then take its
mean as T0.
2. Find temperature difference (T – T0).
3. Plot a graph between time t and temperature T, taking t along X-axis and T along Y-
axis. The graph comes to be as shown in below. It is called Cooling curve O of the
liquid.

Result
The temperature falls quickly in the beginning and then slowly as difference of
temperature goes on decreasing.
This is an agreement with Newton’s law of cooling.

Precautions

1. Double-walled enclosure should be used to maintain surrounding at a constant


temperature.
2. Stirring should remain continuous for uniform cooling.

Sources of error

1. Surrounding temperature may change.

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