Related Literarure and Related Study
Related Literarure and Related Study
Related Literarure and Related Study
In this part includes the related literature and study that collected by the researcher. The
related literature gives a better information basis to how the study be done. This chapter will
Related Literature
Criminology
Counselling and Development, a career is created by choosing or didn’t choose that create
uniqueness in every individual. It will be an option to select a better or suitable for the profession.
And also in the book of Employment and Career Opportunities after graduation, one of the most
important is the use of proper skills and employing a job is a skill because it will determine the
Justice is a four-year degree program intended for individuals who wish to have a career in the
correctional administration. Prospective criminologists face strong competition in the job market.
criminologist's work is varied and intellectually stimulating, but it also has several disadvantages
According to (TERESA, 2018) the criminology program was implemented by the Bureau
of Higher Education within the future member of Integrated National Police or The Philippine
National Police to trained and educate to application of criminalistics approach and crime
solution which mainly contributed in modern crime laboratory and technology. The criminology
criminology is in demand.
The criminology graduates will take a Board Examination need to passed for Criminology
Licensure Examination for their license to practice the profession as a criminologist in the
(Roufa, 2019) The Criminologist Duties and Responsibilities, the core job of criminologist is
to examine the crime and find a better way solution for preventing the criminal behaviour and
reduce recidivism. They gather the statistic and defining the strategies and pattern. And also they
conducting research in the office or in the field. The job of a criminologist often includes:
Devising strategies to help reduce crime, Compiling statistical data, Working with law
interviews, Formulating policy recommendations, and Writing research papers and articles.
Institution/Higher Education
efficient and quality graduates for labor market. In measures the potential and institution success
to deliver fit to work students (Latif & Bahroom, 2010). The Higher education gives the offer of
longitudinal systematic data on profession and employment. The student will be oriented and
experience the essence of the job that related on their skill (Millington, 2008).
Moreover, (Tutor, Aniceto, & Miraflor, 2019) the enrolment in higher education was
arising but in the global estimate that the average rate of return schooling did not change since
1960s (Psacharopoulos and Patrinos, 2018) and in the Philippines, the higher education rate is
33% while the population of 15-30 years old who are least college graduates are unemployed in
2018. Hence, while the country par with the middle-income countries from college participation
rates, even the educated youth suffered from the low employment. Unemployment brings misery
In the study (lalican, 2007) the aim of the study is to assess its curriculum and discuss the
The (REPUBLIC ACT No. 7722, 1994) as the Higher Education Act, (Sec. 8) the CHED
will be the one who identify the needs, support, and development of potential excellence of the
program to promote the quality education of higher education. As well as, the Accrediting of
Chartered Colleges and Universities in the Philippines Inc. (AACCUP) (2015) that provides the
consideration to look during the accreditation to witness the curriculum, organization, research,
extension and the most important is the student services to develop the mechanism and
Employment
Based on study of (kebedom, 2010) the to know the level of employment and
unemployment of the graduates for the relevance and competent for the employer perception. The
aim of the study is to demonstrate the success of education and training of the graduates and
employers, to know how the first job obtained by the graduates, if it is related from the field of
the study or given in educational program to be basis for future activities. The result of the study
is to improve learning process that can be improved based on input given by the graduates.
(OFFICE, 2018)The importance of skills and the implications of labour underutilization for
economic and social development were emphasized by the international community in the 2030
Agenda for Sustainable Development (UN, 2015). the International Labour Organization (ILO)
has always played a lead role in promoting full and productive employment as an important
pathway to sustainable development. This concept was embodied in the ILO Declaration of
employment nor securing the job after the graduation to earn a better or higher salary (Burke et al.,
2016; Zegwaard & McCurdy, 2014). Internationally, the Higher Education Institution (HEIs) has a
role for employability and graduate employment, as evidenced by the rise of university graduate
(Burke, Scurry, Blenkinsopp, & Graley, 2016). And last several universities in New Zealand,
Australia, and UK was practicing the work-integrated to enhance the graduate in employment
prospect. The perspective of university should produce employable or work ready graduates
(Holmes, 2013).
To be employed in PNP, BJMP or BFP there are qualification of applicant the requires to
follow or possese which is under the administrative control of the National Police Commission
(NAPOLCOM) because of the stringent provisions under Title IV-B (Qualifications Upgrading),
Section 14, of the Republic Act (8551), which amended section 30 of Republic Act 6975. The
include citizenship, physical test, formal baccalaureate degree, and eligibility set by the
commission; have never been dishonourably discharged from military employment; never been
convicted of an offense or crime involving moral turpitude, as well as age, height and weight
requirements. All these may also contribute as factors which may hinder a criminologist from
Tracer Study
According to M. Shaw (2010), graduate tracer studies provide important information that
will help educational institutions assess the attainment of its vision, mission and goals. An Online
Tool for Graduate Tracer Studies it is a web application that also allows the users to create
custom tracer surveys applicable to their own contexts. With the iterative systems development as
the chosen research framework, feedback gathered from the pre-tests and the prototyping
achieve management of skill that they obtain during university give the requirement in job
market.
According to (Gines, 2014) the information of the tracer study from the graduate is needed
to know what happen to the graduates from academics. The Faculty Development Program (FDP)
was based on careful analysis evaluation towards the building of the strong foundation of
education to ensure the quality of education. Therefore, to qualify as a faculty member must be
According to (BATES & HAYES, 2017), the university was focused on the employability
of students after they graduate from their course. The practicum of the students is one of the ways
to enhance the employability of the criminology students throughout the degree program by using
a range of strategies. The method used in the study was based on the student lifecycle approach
embedded to the employability framework which the students enhance the employability within
the program of the university into the workforce. The student’s degree program developed the
Related Study
A study by S N Zembere and M.P.M. Chinyama of the University of Malawi, explain the
result of the study, who graduated between 1987 and 1195. The study aims to analyze the
changes to the career patter of the graduates in order to provide the evaluation of the current
program of the Institution. The significance of the study is to get the evaluation process of the
In the Study of Crizjale Ahmad, this study aimed to trace the Criminology graduates of
Notre Dame of Tacurong College from 2005 – 2012. The result of the study most of the
graduates passed the Criminology Licensure Exam. The graduates took criminology for
immediate work. In terms of reason for the unemployment, it may be family concerned or they
not finding the job. In terms of skill most of the graduates learned technical skills. And the
Likewise, based on the study of (Maita & Eusebio, 2018) Cagayan State University as an
institution of higher learning. It was established through Presidential Decree 1436 later amended
by Republic Act 8292 by the integration of all publicly supported higher institutions in Cagayan.
The university is composed of eight (8) campuses. Specifically, it determined the profile of the
graduates, first job after graduation, manner of finding the job, reasons for staying on the job, job
searching period, and personal skills relevant to their present job. Findings of the study reveal
that most of them are employed in the government sector, employed in their field of
specialization and most of them are on a permanent status. The personal skills possessed by the
According to (Ruiz, Pioquinto, & Amparado, 2014) The study determined the employment
status of the Criminology graduates of UCLM, Mandaue City, Cebu, Philippines. The
respondents of this study were the criminology graduates of UCLM from 2007-2012. The study
revealed that most of the respondents were employed, holding a regular or permanent position.
There are graduates who are working in private sectors. Some were employed less than a year
after graduating and most of their jobs are relevant to the program. For those unemployed,
graduates claimed that they had health reasons or family concerns. They tried to join the law
enforcement but failed. On employability skills, majority are efficient on disassembling and
skills, most said that they are flexible and can adapt successfully to changing situations and
environment.
(Chinayo & Detran, 2008)The main objective of this study is to look into the number of
criminology graduates from 2001 to 2006 who were employed in the different law enforcement
agencies, both in public and private, and in related and unrelated employment. Only 38.47% of
the alumni were successfully traced and 92.58% of this is employed. Most are employed at the
Philippine National Police and a small percentage is in different law enforcement agencies such
as the Bureau of Jail Management and Penology, the Bureau of Fire Protection, the Armed Forces
of the Philippines and security agencies. The academe turns out to be one of the promising
employment locations of the criminology graduates. They are employed instructors or deans of
criminology schools. The results also reveal that there is a significant difference in the
(Maratas E. N., 2020) Many higher institutions in the Philippines provide training to a variety
of clients and these institutions were involved in the developing human resources through long
and short-term programs. This study was conducted to trace the criminology graduates of Jose
Rizal Memorial State University Main Campus, Dapitan City from SY 2010-2011 to 2013-2014.
Only few admitted that they pursued further studies after taking their baccalaureate degree. And
some of the reasons that they pursued further studies mostly agreed that it is because of their
promotions and professional development. More than one-half of the graduates are unemployed
or laid off during the interview and most of them have not taken and passed the licensure exam.
Some of the reasons, why they are not employed is that they did not look for a job after
graduation. A number of them worked as security guards and part-time employees in some
business establishments. However, majority of them are very satisfied and satisfied with their
present job.
Synthesis
The information gathered by the researcher help to realizes that not all of the students were
immediately hired after the graduation there some behind the reason why graduates no job. There
are qualification to be considered and posses by the applicant. And the researcher wants to
conduct this research due to the curiosity of where are the graduates of Laguna State Polytechnic