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    Matrices - Lessons - Part 4

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    Anthony Benson
    This document discusses matrices and their applications. It covers: 1. Calculating the determinant of a 2x2 matrix as ad - bc and provides examples. 2. Finding the inverse of a 2x2 matrix using the formula (1/det(A))*(adj(A)). 3. Applications of matrices to solve systems of equations, including using the inverse of a matrix to solve Ax=b. 4. Identifying singular matrices where the determinant is 0 and such matrices have no inverse.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Matrices - Lessons - Part 4

    Uploaded by

    Anthony Benson
    86 views6 pages
    This document discusses matrices and their applications. It covers: 1. Calculating the determinant of a 2x2 matrix as ad - bc and provides examples. 2. Finding the inverse of a 2x2 matrix using the formula (1/det(A))*(adj(A)). 3. Applications of matrices to solve systems of equations, including using the inverse of a matrix to solve Ax=b. 4. Identifying singular matrices where the determinant is 0 and such matrices have no inverse.

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    © © All Rights Reserved

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    This document discusses matrices and their applications. It covers: 1. Calculating the determinant of a 2x2 matrix as ad - bc and provides examples. 2. Finding the inverse of a 2x2 matrix using the formula (1/det(A))*(adj(A)). 3. Applications of matrices to solve systems of equations, including using the inverse of a matrix to solve Ax=b. 4. Identifying singular matrices where the determinant is 0 and such matrices have no inverse.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    86 views6 pages

    Matrices - Lessons - Part 4

    Uploaded by

    Anthony Benson
    This document discusses matrices and their applications. It covers: 1. Calculating the determinant of a 2x2 matrix as ad - bc and provides examples. 2. Finding the inverse of a 2x2 matrix using the formula (1/det(A))*(adj(A)). 3. Applications of matrices to solve systems of equations, including using the inverse of a matrix to solve Ax=b. 4. Identifying singular matrices where the determinant is 0 and such matrices have no inverse.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 6

    CXC Mathematics General Proficiency Matrices I & transformations I

    Solving simultaneous equations using matrices

    ( )
    ¿a ¿b
    If A = ¿ ¿
    c d 2 ×2

    then the determinant of A = a × d−b × c .

    Examples:

    ( )
    ¿ 2 ¿1
    1. If B = ¿ ¿ , then find the determinant of B
    3 5

    Solution:

    determinant of B = a × d−b × c
    = 2 ×5−1× 3
    = 10  3
    = 7 ans.
    HW
    2. Find the inverse of:

    (a) (13 12)


    (b) ( 04 20 )
    (c) (69 32 )
    (d) (−26 −4
    0 )
    (e) (13 −1
    3 )

    Revision notes  Page | 1


    CXC Mathematics General Proficiency Matrices I & transformations I

    3. Calulate the value of x for which the determinant is 5.

    ( )
    ¿5 ¿2
    ¿ ¿
    2 x−1 x

    Solution:

    determinant = 5
    a × d−b × c = 5
    5 x−2 ( 2 x−1 ) = 5
    5 x−4 x+2 = 5
    5 x−4 x = 5  2
    x = 3 ans.

    Note:

     If the determinant of a matrix is 0 then the matrix has no inverse. It is called a singular matrix.

    Questions: HW

    1. N is the singular matrix ( 46 2k ). Find the value of k.


    2. Determine the value of g given that M is the singular matrix ( 2p 48 ).
    3. M is the matrix (−10
    −4 x
    −5 )
    . Calculate the value of x which would make M a singular matrix.

    4. If (m−1
    5
    2)
    4
    is a singular matrix, calculate the value of m.

    5. M is the matrix ( 3p 4q). If M is a singular matrix and p = 2, calculate the value of q.

    Revision notes  Page | 2


    CXC Mathematics General Proficiency Matrices I & transformations I

    The inverse of a 2 by 2 matrix

    If A = ( ac db ), then A 1 =
    1
    (
    × d −b .
    a ×d −b ×c −c a )
     A 1 is the symbol for the inverse of the matrix A.

    Note:

     When a matrix has no inverse, then it is called a singular matrix.

     If the determinant of a matrix is 0 then the matrix has no inverse.

    Given that A = (31 62), then determinant = 3 × 2 – 6 × 1 = 0 .


    The matrix A does not have an inverse, because the determinant is equal to zero.
    This type of matrix is known as singular matrix.

     A × A1 = 1

    Examples:

    1. Given that P = (75 86), find the inverse of the matrix P.


    Solution:

    Step 1: Calculate the determinant:

    Step 2: Finding the adjoint:

    Step 3: Substituting in the formula:

    Revision notes  Page | 3


    CXC Mathematics General Proficiency Matrices I & transformations I

    ( )
    3 −4
    P -1
    = −5 −7 ans.
    2 2

    2. Given that M = [52 155 ]


    (a) Show that M is a non-singular matrix.

    (b) Write down the inverse of M.

    (c) Write down the 2  2 matrix which is equal to the product of M × M −1.

    Revision notes  Page | 4


    CXC Mathematics General Proficiency Matrices I & transformations I

    Using a problem using the method of matrices

    Example:

    A store sells large and small sizes of blue shirts and yellow shirts. The selling price of either shirt is $x for
    a large size and $y for a small size. The table shows the number of shirts sold in a day.

    large small
    blue shirt 5 3
    yellow shirt 6 4

    The total income from the sale of the blue shirt was $84 and from the yellow shirt was $104.

    1. Given that A = (56 34 ), B = ( xy ) and C = (104


    84
    ),
    (a) write down an equation connecting A, B and C

    (b) find A-1

    (c) calculate A -1C

    (d) Explain the significance of your answer to part (c)

    Solution:

    1. (a) A×B = C

    (b) Step 1: Calculate determinant: a × d−b × c

    Determinant = 5 × 4 – 3 × 6
    =2

    Step 2: Determine the inverse:


    1
    (
    × d −b .
    a ×d −b ×c −c a )

    Revision notes  Page | 5


    CXC Mathematics General Proficiency Matrices I & transformations I

    (c) (
    2 −1.5 84
    A−1 C = −3 2.5 104 )( )
    = ( )
    12
    8

    (d) The answers in part (c) are the answers for the matrix B.

     The cost of large size shirt (x) = $12 and the cost of small size shirt (y) = $8

    Revision notes  Page | 6

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