CSEC Mathematics General Proficiency Relations, Functions and Graphs

Draw and interpret graphs of linear functions; Concept of linear function, types of linear function
(y = c; x = k; y = mx + c; where m, c and k are real numbers).

Determine the intercepts of the graph of linear functions; x intercepts and y intercepts,
graphically and algebraically.

5.3: GRAPHS
5.3.2: Graphs
A graph is a visual representation of data that
displays the relationship among the variables,
usually along the x and y axes (the Cartesian plain). The equation of a line is y = mx + c
The equation is: y = ax2 + bx + c
5.3.1: The Cartesian coordinates

The position of a point is given by its coordinates in

the form .
Examples
Function
Sample:

(1) Draw the line with equation y = 2x – 3 for

the domain , using a scale of
1cm to 1 unit on each axis.

Step by step solution:

Step (1) Work out the coordinates

Step (2) Draw the Cartesian coordinates and set out

the scale

Step (3) Draw the graph

the coordinates

x 0 1 2 3
2x 0 2 4 6
3 3 3 3 3
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CSEC Mathematics General Proficiency Relations, Functions and Graphs

y 3 1 1 3 y 18 8 2 0 2 8 18

From the table: , , From the table: , ,

, , , , ,

the Cartesian coordinates

the Cartesian coordinates
Scale:
x-axis: 1 cm to 1 unit Scale: x-axis: 1 cm to 1 unit
y-axis: 1 cm to 5 units
y-axis: 1 cm to 1 unit

the graph

the graph

(3) 3. By plotting a graph, solve the

equation = 0.

Solution:

(2) Draw the graph of y = 2x2 for ≤ x ≤ 3, using x 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

a scale of 1 cm to 1 unit on the x-axis and 1 y –9 –4 –1 0 –1 –4 –9
cm to 5 units on the y-axis.

Step by step solution:

Step (1) Work out the coordinates

Step (2) Draw the Cartesian coordinates and set out

the scale

Step (3) Draw the graph

the coordinates

x –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 Notice that the graph does not cross the x-axis, but

touches the x-axis at x = 3. This means that the
x2 9 4 1 0 1 4 9 equation = 0 has equal roots of 
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CSEC Mathematics General Proficiency Relations, Functions and Graphs

x = 3.
(c) the smallest value of y = 2 and the
Draw the graph of y = x2 + 2, for – 4 ≤ x ≤ 4. corresponding value of x = 0
From the graph, find: 

(a) the value of y when x = 1.5. 

(b) the values of x when y = 12. 

(c) the smallest value of y and the

corresponding value of x.

Solution:

the coordinates

x –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4
y 18 11 6 3 2 3 6 11 18

the Cartesian coordinates

Scale: x-axis: 1 cm to 1 unit

y-axis: 1 cm to 2 units

Draw the graph

From the graph, 

(a) when x = 1.5, y  4.3 

(b) when y = 12, x  3.2 or x  –3.2 

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CSEC Mathematics General Proficiency Relations, Functions and Graphs

Part 4:
Determine the gradient of a straight line; Concept of slope.

Determine the equation of a straight line;

Determine the equation of a straight line;

Solve problems involving the gradient of parallel and perpendicular lines;

Determine from co-ordinates on a line segment:

(a) the length;

(b) the co-ordinates of the midpoint;

The gradient is the slope of the line whereas the y-intercept is

where the graph intercepts (touches) on the yaxis.
Therefore:

1. If  m = 3 and c = 5.2.  m = and c = − 1.

5.4: COORDINATE GEOMETRY

The gradient and the y-intercept of a

straight line
5.4.1: the graph of linear equation: the
gradient and the y-intercept of linear
equation.

The equation of a straight line is: y =

where m is the slope and c is the y-intercept.

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CSEC Mathematics General Proficiency Relations, Functions and Graphs

m = gradient = (1) Given two points P (2, –1) and Q (4, 5), of
where are the x and y coordinates of two points of the equation of a line,
straight line.
(a) calculate, for the line:
If two lines are parallel then their gradients are equal:
(i) the gradient
If two lines are perpendicular then the product of their
gradients is equals to – 1:
(ii) y−intercept

= –1 (b) State the equation of the line PQ:

(i) the gradient

c = yintercept =
(ii) y−intercept

(c) calculate the midpoint of PQ

(d) find the length of the line PQ

The midpoint of a line segment
solution:
Mid point is the halfway between two given points, P (2, –1) and Q (4, 5)
or the average of the x-values and the average value ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑
of the y-values. x y 1 1 x y 2 2

midpoint = (a) (i) m =

where are the x and y coordinates of two points of the
straight line.
=

Length of a line (Distance Formula) = 3 ans.

(ii)
The distance between the two points is:
=
Length =
=
where are the x and y coordinates of two points of the = − 7 ans.
straight line.

(b) The gradient is 3. The y-intercept of the line

is − 7.
Examples
Coordinate geometry  The equation of the line is

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CSEC Mathematics General Proficiency Relations, Functions and Graphs

= 3 x – 7 ans.
The gradient of the line EF is ans.

(c) midpoint =  The equation of the line is

y = –2x – 1 ans.
=

= ans.

(d) Length =

=
=
= 6.32 ans.

(2) The of a line AB is –2x – 1.

(a) State the gradient of the line CD that

is parallel to the line AB.

(b) Determine the gradient of the line

EF that is perpendicular to the line
AB.

Step by step solution:

(a) = 2
The gradient of the line CD is  2 ans.

(b) = –1
= –1

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CSEC Mathematics General Proficiency Relations, Functions and Graphs

solution:
5.5: VARIATIONS
(a) y is directly proportional to x²

A variation is a relationship between two variables  the equation is y = k x²

in which one is a constant multiple of the other. In
(b) y =
particular, when one variable changes the other
changes in proportion to the first. To find the constant

Step (1): transpose for k

There are mainly two types of variations:
Step (2): substitute the values of x and y
1. Direct variation x = 5 and k = 4
2. Inverse variation
y =

5.5.1: Direct variation k =

If y is directly proportional to x, the equation is of k =

the form
k = 4 ans.
y =
(where k is the constant of proportionality).
(c)
If y is directly proportional to the square of x, the To find any value
equation is of the form Step (1): transpose for the variable

y = Step (2): substitute the values of k and the value given

(where k is the constant of proportionality). x = 2 and k = 4

y =
Examples
Variations
= 100 ans.
(1) Given that y is directly proportional to the
x²: (d)
To find any value
(a) write the equation connecting y and x
Step (1): transpose for the variable
(b) calculate the value of k, the constant
of proportionality , when x = 2and Step (2): substitute the values of k and the value given

y = 16 k = 4 and y = 400

y =
(c) determine the value of y when x = 5
=
(d) calculate the value of x when
y = 400.
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CSEC Mathematics General Proficiency Relations, Functions and Graphs

x = 3 and F = 4
x =

= 10 ans. = 4 × 32
(2) = 36

 ans.

(b)
To find any value

Step (1): transpose for the variable

Step (2): substitute the values of k and the value given

5.5.2: Inverse Direct variation
k = 36 and x = 10

Examples
Function
=
(1) It is given that the force (F units) between
two particles is inversely proportional to the = 0.36 ans.
square of the distance (x units) between
them.
(c)
(a) Given that F = 4 when x = 3, find the To find any value
equation connecting F and x. Step (1): transpose for the variable

(b) Calculate the value of F when x = 10 Step (2): substitute the values of k and the value given
k = 36 and F = 64
(c) Calculate the value of x when F = 64

solution:
(a) Fis inversely proportional to x²

 the equation is x =

To find the constant

=
Step (1): transpose for k

Step (2): substitute the values of x and F = 0.75 ans.

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CSEC Mathematics General Proficiency Relations, Functions and Graphs

(2)

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CSEC Mathematics General Proficiency Relations, Functions and Graphs

Worked Examination Questions (c) the value of x when =  6.

Write an equation and solve it.

Question 1:
= −6
The relation below is represented by , = − 6 – 10
where
= − 16
x- 3 - 2 -1- 2 2 6
(a) Determine the values of k. x =
= − 4 ans.
(b) Find

(c) Calculate the value of x when

=  6.
Question 2:

F and g are functions defined as:

, for x ≠ 1
Solution: (a) Write an expression for
(a) the values of k. (b) Determine the value of
Substitute the value of x and h(x).

−2 = Solution:
k = − 2 + 12 (a) an expression for
= 10 ans.
Substitute the value f(x) for x in g(x).
(b)
=

Write the relation in the form h(x) and substitute =

the value of x given. =
= Ans.

= 30 ans.

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CSEC Mathematics General Proficiency Relations, Functions and Graphs

(b) the value of Question 4:

Substitute the value of x in Given the points P (4, 3) and Q (6, 9),
=
(a) (i) calculate the gradient of
= the line
= ans.
(ii) determine the y-intercept

(iii) write the equation of the line PQ.

(b) (i) determine the midpoint

Question 3: (ii) calculate the length of the

line PQ.
Given that
(c) Write the equation of the line
and
, through O, the origin, that is parallel to
the line PQ.
determine the value of:
(d) The point (4, b ) lies on the line
(a) PQ. Determine the value of b .
Solution:
(b) P(4, 3) and Q(6, 9).

(a) (i) m =
Solution:
=
(a) the value of = 3 Ans.

=
(ii)
=
= − 2 Ans. =
=
= − 9 Ans.
(b) the value of

=
(iii)
=
Ans.
=
= 5 Ans.

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CSEC Mathematics General Proficiency Relations, Functions and Graphs

Question 5:
(b) (i) Midpoint =
= The diagram below shows the graph of a straight
= Ans.
line passing through the points A and B.

(ii) length =
= (a) State the coordinates of A and B
=
= 6.32 units Ans. (b) The equation of the line above is
y = mx + c.
(c) the equation line parallel to PQ
(i) State the value of c.
Determine the gradient and the y intercept
(ii) Determine the value of m.
= 3 (gradient)
c = (yintercept) (iii) State the equation of the
= 0 (the line passes through the origin) line AB.

Substitute the gradient and the y intercept in the (c) Determine the coordinates of the
line equation mid-point of the line segment AB.

y = (d) The point ( 7, k ) lies on the line.

= Determine the value of k .
= Ans.
(e) Determine the coordinates of the
(d) the value of b point of intersection of the line and the
shown above.
Substitute the coordinate (4, b ) in the line
equation y =

y =
b =
= 12 Ans.

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CSEC Mathematics General Proficiency Relations, Functions and Graphs

Solution: (e) the coordinates of the point of intersection

(a) the coordinates of A and B Solve the pair of equations

A (7, 0) and B (0, 2).

(b) (i) State the value of c.

Substitute one equation into th another
c = 7 (the y intercept of the graph) =

(ii) Determine the value of m. Multiply each term by 7 to eliminate the fraction
=
m = Group like terms and solve for x
= Ans. = 63
(iii) or
ans.

(c) the mid-point

Midpoint =
= Ans.

(d) the value of k .

Question 6:
Substitute the coordinate (- 7, k ) in the line
equation The equation of a straight line, t, is .

(a) write this equation in the form .

(b) State the gradient of this line.

= 9 Ans.
(c) Another straight line, q, is parallel
(e) the coordinates of the point of intersection to l and passes through the point (0, 1).
Write down the equation of this line.

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CSEC Mathematics General Proficiency Relations, Functions and Graphs

Solution: Solution:

(a)
(a)
Transpose for y

 The equation of the line is ans.

(b)  m=5
 The gradient of this line is  5 ans.
= 5 Ans.
Ans.
(c) Two lines are parallel if their gradients
are equal: = 5
(b) =
Determine the y intercept.
=
= Ans.

= 1+0
= 1
. The equation of q is and is parallel to the line . ans.

Question 7:

Given that, for x ≠ 1.

(a) Write an expression for

Question 8:
(b) Hence, determine .
The equation of a straight line, l, is .

(a) Write this equation in the form .

(b) Another straight line, q, is parallel

to l and passes through the origin. Write
down the equation of this line.

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CSEC Mathematics General Proficiency Relations, Functions and Graphs

Solution: (b) the value of f(x) when x =  1.5

(a) (c) the values of x for which f(x) = 0

(d) the minimum value of f(x)

2y =
(e) the value of x at which f(x) is a
= ans. minimum.

(f) the solution of = 5

(b) two lines are parallel if their gradients
(m) are equal: (g) the interval on the domain for
which is less than  3.
Determine c.

c = 0 (the line passes through the origin)

Solution:
 The equation of q is
(a) the value of f(x) when x = 2

when x = 2, f(x) =  5 ans.

(b) the value of f(x) when x =  1.5

Question 9: when x =  1.5, f(x) = 3.6 ans.

The graph below represents the function (c) the values of x for which f(x) = 0

when f(x) = 0, x =  0.5 or x = 3.5 ans.

(d) the minimum value of f(x)

Use the graph to determine
f(x) =  5.2 ans.
(a) the value of f(x) when x = 2
(e) the value of x at which f(x) is a minimum

x = 1.5 ans.

(f) the solution of = 5

x =  1.4 or x = 3.4 ans.

(g) the interval on the domain for which is

less than  3.

ans.

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CSEC Mathematics General Proficiency Relations, Functions and Graphs

Question 10: Question 11:

Solve the equation  = 0 by drawing its graph for The equation of a straight line is given by:
– 3 ≤  x  ≤ 2.
(a) Determine the gradient of the line.

Solution: (b) State the equation of the line

which is parallel to and passing though
x– 3– 2– 1012y3– 1– 3– 3– 13 the point (2, 5).
 
The solution for the equation can be obtained by looking
at the points where the graph  y = cuts the x-axis (i.e. y =
0). The graph  y = , cuts the x-axis at x ≈ 1.3 and  x ≈ –
Solution:
2.3

Solution: x ≈ 1.3 or  x ≈ –2.3. (a)

y =
=
 m = 5 Ans.

(b) = 5

Using the point (2, 5)

c =
=
=
= 5

the equation of the newline is Ans.

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CSEC Mathematics General Proficiency Relations, Functions and Graphs

4.4.1: Multiple choice

Find the number which corresponds to your and (d)

shade the corresponding letter as the answer
2. Which two graphs below represent
1. If , then functions?

(a) 4

(b) I

(c)

(d) 4 II

2. If , then ?

(a) - 31

(b) 24 III

(c) 29

(d) 31
IV
3. Which of the following mappings from set
A to set B is a function?

(a) I and II
(a) (b) I and III

(c) II and IV

(b) (d) III and IV

Item 4 refers to the following graph.

(c)

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CSEC Mathematics General Proficiency Relations, Functions and Graphs

4. The diagram shows a graph. If a, b and c are

constants, the equation of the graph could be

(a)
6. The arrow diagram above describes the
(b) relation

(c) (a) x is greater than y

(d) (b) x is a multiple of y

(c) x is divisible by y
Item 5 refers to the following diagram.
(d) x is a factor of y

Item 7 refers to the figure below.

5. The diagram shows a line PQ. The gradient

of the line PQ is given by
7. The gradient of AB in the figure above is
(A)
(a) 2

(B) (b)

(C) (c)

(D) (d) 2

8. The arrow diagram below shows a function.

Item 6 refers to the arrow diagram below.
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CSEC Mathematics General Proficiency Relations, Functions and Graphs

II

Which of the following BEST describes the III

function?

(a)

(b)

(c) IV

(d)

9. The range of for the domain (a) I

{2, 1, 0, 1, 2} is
(b) II
(a) {0, 1, 8}
(c) III
(b) {- 2, - 1, 0, 1, 2}
(d) IV
(c) {- 6, - 3, 0, 3, 6}
Item 11 refers to the arrow diagram below.
(d) {- 8,- 1, 0, 1, 8}

10. Which of the following represents the graph

of a function?

I 11. The arrow diagram above describes the

relation

(a) x is a factor of y

(b) x is less than y

(c) x is a multiple of y

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CSEC Mathematics General Proficiency Relations, Functions and Graphs

(d) x is greater then y (d)

Item 16 refers to the diagram below.

13. Which of the following diagrams illustrates
a function?

(a)

16. The relationship that BEST describes the

(b)
mapping in the above diagram is

(a) one-to-one
(c) (b) one-to-many

(c) many-to-one

(d) (d) many-to-many

14. Which of the following sets is represented

by the relation ?

(a) {(0, 3), (1, 4), (2, 7), (3, 12)}

(b) {(0, 3), (1, 5), (2, 7), (3, 9)}

(c) {(0, 3), (1, 4), (2, 5), (3, 6)}

(d) {(0, 3), (1, 1), (2, 4), (3, 9)}

15. Which of the following represents the

equation of a straight line?

(a)

(b)

(c)

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CSEC Mathematics General Proficiency Relations, Functions and Graphs

5.7: Examination Questions (to (b) Determine the equation of the line
do)Attempt ALL questions. PQ.

All working must be clearly shown. (c) Another line, p, is parallel to t and
passes through the point (2, 3). Find
1. A line, t, passes through the point (0, 5) and the equation of the line.
has gradient - 2. Find the equation of the
line. 5. E is the point ( 2, 5) and F is the point
(2,  3). Find, by calculation,

2. A straight line passes the point P(- 3, 5) and (a) the coordinates of G, the midpoint of
has the gradient of . EF

(b) the gradient of the line EF.

(a) Write down the equation of the line
in the form (c) Determine the equation of the line
EF.
(b) Show that this line is parallel to the
line .
6. Given that C is the point (0, 11), D is the
3. A straight line is drawn through the points A point (8, 5) and O is the origin,
(1, 1) and B (5, -2)
(a) calculate:
(a) Calculate the gradient of the line AB.
(i) the coordinates of M, the
(b) Write your answer in the form: midpoint of CD,
y = mx + c
(ii) the gradient of OM,
(c) Write down the gradient of any line
that is perpendicular to AB. (iii) the length of the line CD.

(d) Determine the equation of the line (b) Write the equation of the line CD.
which passes through D (3, 2) and is
perpendicular to AB.
7. Given that G is the point (7, 3) and H is the
point (5, 11).
4. P is the point (2, 4) and Q is the point (6, 0).
(a) Calculate:
(a) Calculate:
(i) the coordinates of the
(i) the gradient of PQ
midpoint of GH
(ii) the midpoint of PQ
(ii) the length of the line GH
(iii) the length of the line PQ.
(iii) the gradient of the line GH
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CSEC Mathematics General Proficiency Relations, Functions and Graphs

(b) State the equation of the line GH. 10. In ∆ JKL, the coordinates of the vertices are
J(0, 1), K(5, - 4) and L(7, 2).
8. Given that E is the point ( 1, 0) and F is
the point (2, 6). (a) Draw ∆ JKL on a sheet of graph
paper using a scale of 1 cm to
(a) Find: represent 1 unit on both axes.

(i) the coordinates of the (b) Determine the coordinates of M, the

midpoint midpoint of KL.

(ii) the gradient. (c) Show, by calculation, that JK = JL.

(b) Find the equation of the line EF. 11. The equation of the line l is y = 4x + 5

(a) State the gradient of any line that is

9. In the diagram above, not drawn to scale,
parallel to l.
AB is the straight line joining A( l, 9) and
B(3, 1).
(b) Determine the equation of the line
parallel to l that passes through the
point (2,  6)

(c) State the gradient of any line that is

perpendicular to l.

12. The diagram, above, not drawn to scale,

shows the line AB passing through the
points A(2, 1) and B(4,-3).

(a) Calculate the gradient of the line,

AB.

(b) Determine the equation of the line,

AB.

(c) Write the coordinates of G, the point

of intersection of AB and the y-axis.

(d) Write the equation of the line

through O, the origin, that is
perpendicular to AB.
(a) (i) Calculate the gradient of line
(e) Write the equation of the line AB,
through O that is parallel to AB.
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CSEC Mathematics General Proficiency Relations, Functions and Graphs

(ii) Write down the equation of

the line AB.

(b) CD is a line parallel to AB and

passes through the origin.

(i) Write down the equation of

the line CD.

(ii) Calculate the gradient of a

line perpendicular to CD.

13. Plot the point P as shown on the section of a

sheet of graph paper.

(a) Write down the coordinates of the

point P.

(b) draw a line segment PQ through the

point, P, such that the gradient of PQ
is .

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CSEC Mathematics General Proficiency Relations, Functions and Graphs

14. The diagram, above, not drawn to scale, The graph below shows the charges in
shows the points A, B and C. dollars (d) for repairs in terms of the number
of minutes (t) taken to complete the repairs.
(a) What was the charge for a plumbing
job which took 20 minutes?

(b) How many minutes were spent

completing repairs that cost:

(i) $38.00

(ii) $20.00?

(c) What is the amount of the fixed

charge?
(a) State the coordinates of the points A,
B and C. (d) Calculate the gradient of the line.

(b) Showing your working clearly, (e) Write down the equation of the line
calculate the length of AB. in terms of d and t.

(c) Calculate the gradient of AC. (f) Determine the length of time taken
to complete a job for which the
(d) Find the equation of the line AC.
charge was $78.00

15. The amount a plumber charges for services

16. The graph shows the relation between the
depends on the time taken to complete the
number (n) of units of electricity used and
repairs plus a fixed charge.
the total cost (C) of an electricity bill.
Charges ($) Cost ($)

Number (m) of minutes

Number (n) of units

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CSEC Mathematics General Proficiency Relations, Functions and Graphs

(a) Use the graph to find

(i) the cost of the bill if 300

units are used,

(ii) the number of units used

when the bill is $ 32.50.

(b) Given that the relation is C = pn + q, Calculate the value of:

(i) state the value of q and (a) h

explain its significance,
(b)
(ii) find the value of p and
explain its significance, (c) x when = 99

(iii) find the total cost of the bill

if 1100 units are used. 19. The relation below is represented by
, where
17. The arrow diagram below represents the .
relation , where
x →

3 54
4 128
5 250

(a) Determine the value of k.

(b) Find
Calculate the value of
(c) Calculate the value of x when
(a) c = 8.

(b)
20. If ,
(c) of x when = 13
(a) write an expression for

18. The arrow diagram below represents the (b) find the value of
relation , where
and h is a positive (i)
integer.
(ii)

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CSEC Mathematics General Proficiency Relations, Functions and Graphs

21. If ,
26. Given that and
(a) write an expression for

(b) find the value of

(a) Calculate:
(i)
(i)
(ii)
(ii)

22. Given that , (b) Write an expression for

(a) write an expression for 27. Given that and

(b) find the value of

Calculate:
(i)
(a)
(ii)
(b)
23. Given that and (c)
, calculate:
28. Given that , find
(a)
(a) the value of .
(b)
(b) an expression for .
(c)

29. Given that , evaluate

24. Given that, and
, calculate: (a)

(a) g (25) (b)

(b) g f (15)
30. Given that ,
25. Two functions, h and k, are defined as
and find the value of

(a)
Derive an expression for

(a) h k(x) (b)

(b)
Revision notes Þ Paper 2 Section I Page | 26
CSEC Mathematics General Proficiency Relations, Functions and Graphs

31. If ,
35. The functions f and g are such that
(a) find the value of and

(b) calculate the value of x when

Calculate the value of

(a) g (4)
(c) determine the value of
(b) f g (2)
(d) Write an expression for
(c) g ‒1(7)
(i) h g(x)

(ii) g ‒1(x). 36. The functions f and g are such that

and
32. The functions f and g are defined by
(a) Calculate the value of
, .
(b) State the value of x for which
Evaluate: is undefined

(a) (c) Derive an expression for f g(x)

(b) f ‒1(6) (d) Calculate the value of f −1(4)

(c) fg(2) 37. Two functions, g and h, are defined as

and
33. f and g are functions defined as follows:
and (a) Calculate
Calculate
(i) the value of g(7)
(a) g (3)
(ii) the value of x for which
(b) f (‒2) g(x) = 6.

(c) f −1 (11) (b) Derive an expression for

(i) h g(x)
34. The function
(ii) g ‒1 (x)
(a) Find the value of f (0) 38. f and g are functions defined as follows:
and
(b) Find the value of x for which
f (x) =  5
Revision notes Þ Paper 2 Section I Page | 27
CSEC Mathematics General Proficiency Relations, Functions and Graphs

(a) Calculate the value of 40. The diagram below shows the graph of the
function for .
(b) Write expressions for:

(i)

(ii)

(c) Hence, or otherwise, write an

expression for

39. The functions f and g are functions defined

as follows: and

Use the graph to determine

(a) Calculate the value of
(a) the value of c
(b) Find, in its simplest form
(b) the values of x for which f(x) = 0
(i)
(c) the values of x for which f(x) = 6
(ii)
(d) the minimum value of f(x)
(iii) (e) the value of x at which f(x) is a
minimum.
(iv) .
(f) State the value of a and b.
(c) Show that =
.

Revision notes Þ Paper 2 Section I Page | 28

CSEC Mathematics General Proficiency Relations, Functions and Graphs

41. Given that , copy and

complete the table below. x 1 0 1 2 3 4
f(x) 6 0 6
x -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5
y 4 0 -2 0 4 10 (a) Using a scale of 2 cm to represent 1
unit on the x-axis and 1 cm to
(a) Using a scale of 2 cm to represent 1 represent 1 unit on the y-axis, draw
unit on the x-axis and 1 cm to the graph of
represent 1 unit on the y-axis, draw for
the graph of for
(b) Using the graph, determine:

(b) On the same axes as (a) above, draw (i) the maximum value of f(x)
the line y = x for
(ii) the value of x at which f(x) is
(c) Use your graphs to determine the a maximum.
solution of the equation
(c) (i) On the same axes as (a)
above, draw the line
for
42. Given that ,

(a) copy and complete the table below. (ii) use the graphs of and
to find the roots of the
x -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 equation
f(x) 3 -1 11 23 .

(b) Using a scale of 1 cm to represent 1 44. Given that , copy and

unit on the x-axis and 1 cm to complete the table below.
represent 5 units on the f(x) axis,
draw the graph of
x 1 0 1 2 3 4
f(x) 6 0 6
for - 3 ≤ x ≤ 3.
(a) Using a scale of 2 cm to represent 1
(c) Use your graph to solve the equation
unit on the x-axis and 1 cm to
represent 1 unit on the y-axis, draw
the graph of
for

(b) Using the graph, determine:

43. Given that , copy and (ii) the maximum value of f(x)
complete the table below.

Revision notes Þ Paper 2 Section I Page | 29

CSEC Mathematics General Proficiency Relations, Functions and Graphs

(ii) the value of x at which f(x) is y 5 -3 -4 0

a maximum.
(a) Using a scale of 2 cm to represent 1
(c) On the same axes as (a) above, draw unit on both axes, draw the graph of
the line for the function for
.
(b) (i) On the same axes used in (a)
45. Given that , copy and above, draw the line y = 2.
complete the table below.
(ii) State the x-coordinates of the
x -2 -1 0 1 2 3 two points at which the curve
meets the line.
y -3 -6 -5 9
(iii) Hence, write the equation
(a) Using a scale of 2 cm to represent 1
whose roots are the x-
unit on the x-axis and 1 cm to
coordinates stated in (b) (ii)
represent 1 unit on the y-axis, draw
the graph of 48. Given that , copy and
for - 2 ≤ x ≤ 3. complete the table below.

(b) Use your graph to solve the equation x 0° 30° 60° 90° 120° 150° 180°
y 1.1 1.5 2.5 3

46. Given that , copy (a) Using a scale of 2 cm to represent

and complete the table below. 30° on the x-axis, and 1 cm to
represent 0.2 on the y-axis, draw the
x -3 -2 -1 0 2 4 6 graph of for 0° 
y 30 4 0 22 x  180°.

(a) Using a scale of 1 cm to represent 1 (b) Using the graph, or otherwise,

unit on the x-axis and 2 cm to determine the value of x for which
represent 5 units on the y  axis,
draw the graph of
for  2 ≤ x 49. A stone is thrown from the top of a vertical
≤ 6. cliff. Its position during its flight is
represented by the equation
(b) Use your graph to solve the equation , where y metres is the
height of the stone above the sea and x
metres is its horizontal distance from the
47. Given that , complete the cliff.
table below.
(a) Solve the equation
x - l 0 1 2 3 4 5

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CSEC Mathematics General Proficiency Relations, Functions and Graphs

(b) What are the coordinates of the

Some corresponding values of x and y are points A, B and C?
given in the following table.

x 0 2 4 6 8 10
y 56 80 72
(b) By considering the symmetry of the
y values in the table, state the value
of x at which the stone reaches its
greatest height.

(c) Use this value of x in the given

equation to calculate the greatest
height reached.

(d) Taking 2 cm to represent 1 metre on

the x-axis and 2 cm to represent 5
metres on the y-axis, draw the graph
of for values
of x in the range 0 ≤ x ≤ 10 and
values of y in the range 55 ≤ y ≤ 90.

(e) Use your graph to find how far the

stone travels horizontally while its
height is more than 76 metres.

50. The diagram below shows the graph of the

function .

(a) Determine the value of x for

Revision notes Þ Paper 2 Section I Page | 31

CSEC Mathematics General Proficiency Relations, Functions and Graphs

51. Given that , complete the table

below.

x - 2 - l 0 1 2 3
y - 0.5 0 4 13.5

(a) Using a scale of 2 cm to represent 1

unit on x- axis and 1 cm to represent
1 unit on y- axis, draw the graph of
the function
for .

(b) Using the graph

(i) solve the equation

(ii) determine the value of x for

which .

(c) Using the same axes and scales

(i) draw the graph of

(ii) write down the coordinates

of intersection of
and .

Revision notes Þ Paper 2 Section I Page | 32

CSEC Mathematics General Proficiency Relations, Functions and Graphs

52. The distance S, in metres, moved by a 55. Given that y varies inversely as x, use the
particle from its starting point, time t values of x and y from the following table to
seconds, is given by . calculate the value of a.

(a) Complete the table below for x 2 32

. y 8 a

t 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 56. The table below shows a relation of the

S 10 18 40 70 form , where k and c are
constants.
(b) Using a scale of 1 cm to represent 1
unit on 1 second on the time - axis x 1 3 6
and 1 cm to represent 10 metres on y 3 19 r
distance - axis, draw the graph of the Calculate the value of r.
function
for . 57. The volume, V, of a gas varies inversely as
the pressure P, when the temperature is held
(c) Using the graph estimate the
constant.
distance moved by the particle in 4.5
seconds. (a) Write an equation relating V and P.

53. The table below shows the corresponding (b) If V = 12.8 when P = 500, determine
for p and r. the constant of variation.

p m 4 62.5 (c) Calculate the value of V when P = 480

r 0.2 2 n
58. Given that p is proportional to q and that
Given that p varies directly as r , calculate 3
p = 500 when q = 5,
the value of m and n.
(a) express p in terms of q.
54. Given that q varies directly as p, use the
(b) find the value of p when q = 3
values of p and q from the following table to
calculate the values of a and b.
59. (a) Given relation and that
p 2 8 a
y = 5 when x = 6, calculate the value
q 8 b 1.2
of k.

(b) Using and the value of k,

Calculate:

(i) the value of y when x = −2,

Revision notes Þ Paper 2 Section I Page | 33
CSEC Mathematics General Proficiency Relations, Functions and Graphs

(ii) the values of x when y = 20.

Revision notes Þ Paper 2 Section I Page | 34