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    This document discusses an RF 433 MHz communication module. It describes the components used in a circuit diagram including capacitors and a step down transformer. It then discusses advantages of power supplies including simplicity for linear mode power supplies but higher heat loss for linear compared to switch-mode. Finally, it provides an overview of an RF 433 MHz module, describing its uses, types including transmitters and receivers, modulation methods, and factors affecting performance such as transmitter power and receiver sensitivity.

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    This document discusses an RF 433 MHz communication module. It describes the components used in a circuit diagram including capacitors and a step down transformer. It then discusses advantages of power supplies including simplicity for linear mode power supplies but higher heat loss for linear compared to switch-mode. Finally, it provides an overview of an RF 433 MHz module, describing its uses, types including transmitters and receivers, modulation methods, and factors affecting performance such as transmitter power and receiver sensitivity.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    14 views7 pages

    Circuit Diagram

    Uploaded by

    km
    This document discusses an RF 433 MHz communication module. It describes the components used in a circuit diagram including capacitors and a step down transformer. It then discusses advantages of power supplies including simplicity for linear mode power supplies but higher heat loss for linear compared to switch-mode. Finally, it provides an overview of an RF 433 MHz module, describing its uses, types including transmitters and receivers, modulation methods, and factors affecting performance such as transmitter power and receiver sensitivity.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 7

    CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

    Components used are as follows:

    (a) Capacitors

    (i) 100µF/25v for +12v

    (ii) 2200µF/25v

    (b) Step down transformer

    (i) 230v / 12v- 0 -12v/ 500mA Transformer

    (c) Diodes: 1N4007


    (d) A diode can be used as rectifier. There are various types of diodes. However,
    semiconductor diodes are very popularly used as rectifiers. A semiconductor diode is a solid-state
    device consisting of two elements is being an electron emitter or cathode, the other an electron
    collector or anode. Since electrons in a semiconductor diode can flow in one direction only-form
    emitter to collector-the diode provides the unilateral conduction necessary for rectification. The
    rectified Output is filtered for smoothening the DC, for this purpose capacitor is used in the filter
    circuit. The filter capacitors are usually connected in parallel with the rectifier output and the load.
    The AC can pass through a capacitor but DC cannot, the ripples are thus limited and the output
    becomes smoothed. When the voltage across the capacitor plates tends to rise, it stores up energy
    back into voltage and current. Thus, the fluctuation in the output voltage is reduced considerable

    ADVANTAGES OF POWER SUPPLY

    Advantages for linear mode power supplies include simplicity, reliability, low noise levels and
    low cost. ... These disadvantages to linear power suppliesinclude size, high heat loss, and lower
    efficiency levels when compared to a switch-mode power supply.

    CHAPETR-3
    RF 433 MHz COMMUNICATION :
    Introduction:
    An RF module (radio frequency module) is a (usually) small electronic circuit used to
    transmit and/or receive radio signals on one of a number of carrier frequencies. RF modules are
    widely used in electronic design owing to the difficulty of designing radio circuitry. Good
    electronic radio design is notoriously complex because of the sensitivity of radio circuits and the
    accuracy of components and layouts required for achieving operation on a specific frequency.
    Design engineers will design a circuit for an application which requires radio communication and
    then "drop in" a radio module rather than attempt a discrete design, saving time and money on
    development.

    RF modules are most often used in medium and low volume products for consumer
    applications such as garage door openers, wireless alarm systems, industrial remote controls, smart
    sensor applications, and wireless home automation systems. They are sometimes used to replace
    older infra red communication designs as they have the advantage of not requiring line-of-sight
    operation. Several carrier frequencies are commonly used in commercially-available RF modules,
    including 433.92 MHz, 315 MHz, 868 MHz and 915 MHz. These frequencies are used because of
    national and international regulations governing the used of radio for communication.

    TYPES OF RF MODULES:

    The term RF module can be applied to many different types, shapes and sizes of small electronic
    sub assembly circuit board. It can also be applied to modules across a huge variation of
    functionality and capability. Most standard, well known types are covered here:

     Transmitter module

     Receiver module

     Transceiver module

     Transmitter module:
    An RF transmitter module is a small PCB sub-assembly capable of transmitting a radio wave
    and modulating that wave to carry data. Transmitter modules are usually implemented alongside
    a micro controller which will provide data to the module which can be transmitted. It is also a
    part of transreceiver.

    Super heterodyne & super-regenerative modules:


    There are two types of RF receiver modules:

    Superheterodyne receivers and super-regenerative receivers.

    Super-regenerative modules are usually low cost and low power designs using a series of
    amplifiers to extract modulated data from a carrier wave. Super-regenerative modules are
    generally imprecise as their frequency of operation varies considerably with temperature and
    power supply voltage. Superheterodyne receivers have a performance advantage over super-
    regenerative; they offer increased accuracy and stability over a large voltage and temperature
    range. This stability comes from a fixed crystal design which in turn leads to a comparatively
    more expensive product.

    RF signal modulation:
    There are three types of signal modulation methods commonly used in RF transmitter and
    receiver modules:
     ASK

     FSK

     OOK

    Main Factors of effecting RF module Performance:

    As with any other radio-frequency device, the performance of an RF module will depend on a
    number of factors. For example, by increasing the transmitter power, a larger communication
    distance will be achieved. However, this will also result in a higher electrical power drain on the
    transmitter device, which will cause shorter operating life for battery powered devices. Also, using
    a higher transmit power will make the system more prone to interference with other RF devices,
    and may in fact possibly cause the device to become illegal depending on the jurisdiction.

    Correspondingly, increasing the receiver sensitivity will also increase the effective communication
    range, but will also potentially cause malfunction due to interference with other RF devices.

    The performance of the overall system may be improved by using matched antennas at each end
    of the communication link, such as those described earlier.

    Finally, the labelled remote distance of any particular system is normally measured in an open-air
    line of sight configuration without any interference, but often there will be obstacles such as walls,
    floors, iron construction to absorb the radio wave signals, so the effective operational distance will
    in most practical instances be less than specified.

    RF Module PIN ARCHITECTURE:


    CHAPTER-4

    VOICE MODULE APR33A3


    FEATURES-

     Operating Voltage Range: 3V ~ 6.5V


     Single Chip,
     Minimum External Components
     User Friendly, Easy to Use Operation
     Programming & Development Systems High Quality Audio/Voice Recording & Playback
    Solution
     No External ICs RequFlash memory techono
     No Battery Not Required
     340 sec. Voice Recording Length in aPR33A3
     Powerful 16-Bits Digital Audio Processor
     Nonvolatile Backup Required External Reset pin.
     Powerful Power Management Unit
     Very Low Standby Current: 1uA
     Low Power-Down Current: 15Ua
     Supports Power-Down Mode for Power Saving
     Built-in Audio-Recording Microphone Amplifier

    DESCRIPTION:

    Today’s consumers demand the best in audio/voice. They want crystal-clear sound wherever
    they are in whatever format they want to use. APLUS delivers the technology to enhance a
    listener’s audio/voice experience. The aPR33A series are powerful audio processor along with
    high performance audio analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) and digital-to-analog converters
    (DACs).

    The aPR33A series are a fully integrated solution offering high performance and unparalleled
    integration with analog input, digital processing and analog output functionality. The aPR33A
    series incorporates all the functionality required to perform demanding audio/voice applications.
    High quality audio/voice systems with lower bill-of-material costs can be implemented with the
    aPR33A series because of its integrated analog data converters and full suite of quality-
    enhancing features such as sample-rate convertor.

    The aPR33A series Q7.0 is specially designed for simple key trigger, user can record and playback
    the messages in random seven sections by switch, It is suitable in simple interface, e.g. toys,
    leave messages system, answering machine etc. Meanwhile, this mode provides the power-
    management system. Users can let the chip enter power-down mode when unused. It can
    effectively reduce electric current consuming to 15uA and increase the using time in any projects
    powered by batteries.

    PIN DIAGRAM:
    PIN DISCRIPTION:

    Pin names Pin no type description


    VDDP VDD VDDA VDDL 8 10 18 24 Positive power supply.

    VSSP VSSL VSSA 5 11 17 Power ground.

    VLDO 25 Internal LDO output.

    VCORE 16 Positive power supply


    for core.

    VREF 19 Reference voltage.

    VCM 20 Common mode voltage.

    Rosc 26 INPUT Oscillator resistor input.

    RSTB 27 INPUT Reset. (Low active)

    SRSTB INPUT System reset, pull-down


    a resistor to the VSSL.

    MIC+ MIC- 21 22 INPUT Microphone differential

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