SOURCES OF ENERGY

ENERGY

• Energy is the capacity of a physical system to perform work. (eto yung energy na
may ability to work

• Energy exists in several forms such as heat, kinetic or mechanical energy, light,
potential energy, electrical, or other forms. (nag eexist sya sa maraming forms like heat,
kinetic, mechanical, light, potential energy, electrical, at iba pa)

• Energy sources could be classified as Renewable and Non-renewable.

Okay, so what is renewable and non-renewable energy?

RENEWABLE & NON-RENEWABLE ENERGY

Renewable energy is collected from renewable resources.

• A source of energy is considered renewable if it comes from natural sources or

• Examples are solar, wind, water, geothermal, and biomass. (these type of energy
sources are usually converted into electricity or thermal energy)

On the other hand,

Non-renewable energy sources don’t replenish, and are formed when prehistoric plants and
animals died and were gradually buried by layers of soil rock. (these are the kinds of energy na
hindi nag poproduce in a short period of time.)

• The kind of fuel that was created varied depending on the conditions like what kind of
organic material (from plants or animals), how long it was buried, at what temperature
and under what pressure.

• Types of non-renewable energy are natural gas, nuclear energy, coal and oil.

most of our energy ay nakukuha natin from non-renewable sources

Also, fossil fuel is another term for nonrenewable energy resources

Technically, renewable resources are natural resources naa mabilis mapalitan. Tas yung
nonrenewable is a source with a finite supply, in other words, it will run out eventually.
RENEWABLE ENERGY

TYPES OF RENEWABLE ENERGY

Wind Energy

• The energy in wind can be harnessed by large blades on wind turbines, which use it to
generate electricity for residential and commercial purposes.

• This electricity can be used for residential and commercial purposes. magagamit tong
electricity na to for residential and commercial purposes

Wind is produced as the sun heats the air. Warmer air rises and cooler air sinks. This air
motion is the wind. Windmills were used until the late 1930s to produce electricity.

Wind turbines can operate at sea as well as on land.

So, wind is simply air that is moving na pinopropduce ng uneven heating ng earth’s surface.
Yung kinetic energy ng wind ay pwede maconvert sa electricity by wind turbines.
Solar Energy

• Solar energy comes from the sun. and sun is the primary source of energy. It's the
primary source of energy for all living things on Earth, and can also be converted into
electricity through solar cells.

• Solar energy is energy produced from the sun. It is a renewable energy, which
means it will never run out.

Solar energy has the most potential as a renewable source kase sunlight can travel
through air, clear glass, and plastic. Kapag nag strike yung sun sa isang surface, yung
light energy is either reflected or absorbed. Tapos yung absorbed light energy yung nag
chechange sa heat at pwedeng gamitin for power.

How is solar energy used?

Solar power is captured when energy from the sun is converted into electricity, or is used to
heat air, water or other fluids.

Solar energy can be used to make electricity or heat a home's water or air.

There are two main types of solar energy technology:

1. Solar thermal also known as solar hot water is when sunlight is turned into thermal
energy, or heat. Most solar thermal systems use solar energy to heat up space or water.
An example of this is a solar hot water system. Thermal systems are used directly sa
pag heat ng water or air. Bale parang for hot water needs rin to tapos etong technology
na to, it collects sunlight then convert sa heat, stores it and later transforms it into
electricity.
 2. Solar photovoltaic (PV) is when sunlight is converted directly into electricity, using
photovoltaic cells. Obviously, mas nag fufunction sya tuwing umaga. For an example of
a PV system, just look up – the solar panels on the roof of your school are using PV cells
to generate electricity right now. So solar photovaltic is the generation of electricity
galling sa energy ng sun using PV cells.

Solar panels consist of smaller units which we also refer to as photovoltaic cells. Every photovoltaic cell is
usually a sandwich that comprises of two semi-conductor slices such as silicon.

Both of these collect the sun rays that reach the atmosphere then convert them to energy.

Summary, ang solar energy ay heat and light na nanggagaling sa sun rays. Kilala to as

Radiant energy because the sun radiates or nag sesend out ng huge amount of energy araw
araw.
Biomass

Biomass is an organic matter, such as wood, crops, seaweed, and animal waste.

Biomass is organic matter – anything that is alive or was a short time ago - that can be used as
an energy source. It gets its energy from the sun and can be used to produce electricity.

Examples of biomass include wood, crops, seaweed and animal waste. Biomass gets its
energy from the Sun and is a renewable energy source.

Simply, yung biomass is anything that is or once was a live or tinatawag na organic matter.
Nagcocontain to ng energy sa sun and pwedeng gamitin to produce heat, electricity, gas So ang
biomass ay pwedeng wood from trees, plants such as crops and seaweeds, or animal waste.
Also, these materials can be burned directly from energy katulad ng wood sa fireplace, then can
also be converted into liquid fuels katulad ng ethanol na inaadd sa gasoline.

Where does biomass get its energy from?

All organic matter contains energy stored from the sun – this is where the energy in biomass
comes from.

Plants store energy from the sun in their leaves, stems, fruit and roots. When humans eat food
that comes from plants, we use the energy they contain to move and grow.
Hydropower

• Hydropower comes from the Greek word "hydro", which means "water". The energy in
hydropower comes from the force of moving water.

• Hydropower plants use dams to capture water energy and convert it to electricity.
Gumagamit ng dams para makapag store ng water then later convert it to energy

• Hydropower is created by the flow of water. It is used to drive water turbines that
produce energy.

How is hydropower converted to electricity?

Hydropower is used to generate electricity in hydropower plants.

A typical hydropower plant system has three parts:

• A power plant where the electricity is produced

• A dam that can be opened or closed to control the flow of water

• A reservoir where water is stored

The force of moving water creates energy in hydropower plants.

• Geothermal energy comes from the heat contained within the Earth. Heat daw siya
inside the earth

• The word 'geothermal' comes from two Greek words:

• Geo, meaning earth; and

• Therme, meaning heat.

Geothermal energy comes from the heat generated by the Earth, such as volcanoes or geysers.
Geysers ay hot spring. It can be used to produce electricity, and provide heat and hot water.

How do we access geothermal from below the Earth's surface?

• To find geothermal reservoirs close to the Earth's surface, exploratory wells are drilled
to search for reservoirs. Maghahanap ng reservoir na malapit sa earth surface, then mag
didrill to search for reservoirs using exploratory wells.

• Once a reservoir is found, production wells are drilled to bring hot water and steam to
the surface. Which is used to generate electricity

• The hot water and steam are used to generate electricity at power plants close to the
production wells.

• Injection wells return used geothermal fluids back to the reservoir.

Renewable energy is important for a bunch of different reasons, such as:

• It reduces global warming emissions, which makes for a safer, greener environment

• Renewable energy sources reduce air and water pollution, so are better for our health

• As there is more work involved in harnessing renewable energy, the industry creates
more employment opportunities and other economic benefits

Also, renewable energy helps to keep energy price stable. Tapos hind basta basta
mauubos ang renewable sources.

NON-RENEWABLE ENERGY

So what is nonrenewable again? Eto daw yung energy na may limited supply, so it will
eventually run out

What is non-renewable energy used for?

Non-renewable energy sources can be used for all kinds of things. Over 70% of the energy
used in industrial processes comes from non-renewable sources, while fossil fuels are also
used for many household purposes.

We can use non-renewable energy for:

• Electricity

• Heating

• Manufacturing

• Transportation
TYPES OF NON-RENEWABLE ENERGY

Coal

• It has the highest level of carbon of all fossil fuels.

• Coal is a fossil fuel. It comes from the remains of plants that died about 100 to 400
million years ago.

• Coal is a non-renewable energy source because it takes millions of years to form.

• Coal is a rock created from buried plants that lived and died hundreds of millions of
years ago, when the Earth's surface was covered by swampy forests. Ang coal daw ay
formed millions of years ago from dead plant matter, heat and pressure.

Coal is high in carbon and produces more greenhouse gases than other fossil fuels.

Why isn't coal a good choice of energy source? Okkay, so bakit hindi maganda ang coal
para sa energy source?
Coal has the highest level of carbon of all the fossil fuels. This means it produces a higher
amount of greenhouse gas emissions from energy use, which is bad news for our planet.

When burnt, coal produces significant amounts of pollution and gas emissions, including
sulphate and nitrogen that can contaminate waterways and cause haze and smog.

Basically, coal is formed from decayed plant matter that accumulated hundreds of millions of
years ago. Nag poproduce sya ng significant amount of greenhouse gas emissions kapag
binuburn that’s why hindi sya talaga good choice as an energy source kase nakaka harm sya ng
planet.

OIL

• Oil (also known as petroleum) is a fossil fuel formed from the remains of tiny sea plants
and animals that died hundreds of millions of years ago.

• Once refined, oil can be used to make products such as gasoline, diesel and jet fuel.
Etong oil na to, pwede iextract and refine daw to make products such as gasoline,
diesel, and jet fuel

The most important product to come from oil is gasoline, which is used to fuel cars.

Other petroleum products include diesel, heating oil and jet fuel for aeroplanes.

And these products are mainly used sa mga transportations and industrial sectors. Pero yung
petroleum ay ginagamit rin for commercial and residential purposes

Natural Gas

• Natural gas is a non-renewable fossil fuel formed from the remains of tiny sea plants
and animals that died 300-400 million years ago.

• Approximately 90% of natural gas is composed of methane, but it also contains other
gases such as propane and butane. Ano ngaaaa ba ang methane? Eto yung main
component ng natural gas, making up about 90%. Propane naman is a gas derived from
natural gas and oil
Are there other sources of natural gas?

Yes. Natural gas can also be found in seams of coal, called coal bed methane, as well as in
the methane produced in landfills.

While natural gas is considered a non-renewable

Ang natural gas ay magagamit sap ag fuel ng industry and machinery, as well as for a wide
variety of heating purposes.

Nuclear Energy

• Nuclear energy is released when atoms' nuclei are fused together (fusion) or split apart
(fission).

• Nuclear power plants produce electricity through nuclear fission.

• Nuclear energy comes from the nucleus of atoms.

(nuclei are split apart).

Nuclear plants use nuclear fission of a radioactive element called uranium to generate
electricity.

Nuclear power plant generating electricity.

Galing ang nuclear energy sa atoms and ang atoms ay yung mga particles that make up every
object sa ating universe. Eto yung neutrons, protons, and electrons.

Nuclear fusion is yung nuclei of atoms na combined or fused together. On the other hand,
Nuclear fission is ung nuclei na split apart.
ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES

ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF RENEWABLE ENERGY

PROS CONS

Stable energy prices Vulnerable to weather and

Reliability Limited supply of energy

Continual source of energy High cost of development

Low cost operation Require a large space to set

Low global warming emissions dahil nga walang greenhouse Not available in all areas
gasses or other pollutants na nacecreate during the process.
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF NON-RENEWABLE ENERGY

What's good about non-renewable energy sources?

• Lots available: Humans have invested a lot of time, effort, and money into obtaining
fossil fuels, so we now have a ready supply.

• Easier to find: Fossil fuels can be found all over the world, with many areas already
identified as being rich in these resources.

• Very efficient: Fossil fuels can generate a lot of energy, even from just a small amount
of fuel.

• Simpler to transport: Fossil fuels can be easily transported, e.g. using underground
pipes to move oil and gas.

• Easy set-up: A fossil fuel plant can be set up at any location, as long as there is a large
quantity of fuel to generate power.

What's bad about non-renewable energy sources?

• Environmental pollution: Burning fossil fuels releases carbon dioxide, which is directly
linked to global warming – so fossil fuels are very damaging to the health of our planet.

• Public health issues: Because of all their nasty air pollution, burning fossil fuels can
lead to lung problems and asthma attacks in humans.

• They will run out: Once the earth's supplies of fossil fuels have been used up, they
can't be renewed (at least not for several hundred million years), so we won't be able to
use them for our rising power needs.

• Rising costs: As just a few countries hold a large number of fossil fuels, fuel prices can
rise without warning.
• Health risks to workers: Mining for coal or drilling for oil can be very dangerous,
resulting in a large number of diseases, injuries, and deaths every year.