I PUC PHysics Practical Viva Questions

I PUC PHYSICS VIVA-VOCE
Q1. What is the principle behind the vernier scale?

Ans: The principle behind the vernier scale is that the number of vernier scale divisions
coinciding with the main scale division should be either one less or one more.
1V.S.D=1M.S.Dno.ofdivisionsonV.S
Q2. What is vernier constant?

Ans: Vernier constant is defined as the difference between the value of one main scale division
and one vernier scale division on the vernier calipers.
Q3. What is least count of a measuring instrument?
Ans: The least count of a measuring instrument is defined as the least quantity that can be
measured accurately.
Q4. What is the least count of vernier caliper?
Ans: The least count of the vernier caliper is 0.1 mm.
Q5. What is zero error?
Ans: Zero-error is defined as how far away is the reading from zero for an instrument. It can be
either positive or negative.
Viva Questions
Q1. What are the two main parts of the screw gauge?
Ans: The following are the two main parts of screw gauge:
 A nut
 A screw
Q2. What is the least count of the screw gauge?
Ans: The least count of the screw gauge is 0.001 cm.
Q3. What is pitch?
Ans: Pitch is defined as the distance between two nearest threads along the axis of the screw.
Q4. How to determine pitch?
Ans: Pitch=mainscalereadingrevealedonrotatingcirculardiscno.ofrotations
Q5. When is zero-error positive?
Ans: Zero-error is said to be positive when the zero circular scale lies above the reference line
only when the fixed and movable studs are in contact.
Viva Voce
1. Explain the reason why the screw used in the screw gauge is known as a micrometre screw.
Answer: It is known as a micrometre screw because it can measure distance correctly up to a
micrometre.
2. What is the principle of screw gauge?
Answer: When a screw moves in a fixed nut, the translatory motion of the screw is proportional
to the rotation given to the screw.
3. List the different types of motion possessed by a screw.
Answer: It possesses two motions, and they are:
(i) linear motion possessed by the axis
(ii) circular motion possessed by the surface
4. Define the pitch of the screw gauge.
Answer: The distance moved by the screw in one complete rotation is known as the pitch of the
screw gauge.
5. What is the value of the least count in commonly used screw gauge?
Answer: The least count in commonly used screw gauge is 0.001 cm.
6. List the reasons for zero error.
Answer: The following are the reasons for zero error:
1. Defect in the manufacturing
2. Wear and tear of the screw
7. How can the backlash error be avoided?
Answer: It can be avoided by applying slight applying lateral pressure on the screw and by
always turning in the same direction.
8. Which metal is used to make the screw and why?
Answer: The screw is made of gunmetal to avoid wear and tear after long use.
9. Define the least count of screw gauge.
Answer:The distance moved by the screw in one complete rotation is known as the least count.
10. What is ratchet? Explain its utility.
Answer:Ratchet is referred to as the arrangement inside the milled head at the end of the screw.
It prevents the screw from undue pressure.
Q1. What is the formula used to find the radius of curvature using spherometer?
Ans: Following is the formula used to find the radius of curvature using spherometer:
R=l26h+h2
Q2. What is Len’s maker formula?

Ans: Following is the Len’s maker formula:
1f=[n2n1−1][1R1−1R2]
Q3. What is the principle of spherometer?

Ans: The spherometer works on the principle of a micrometer screw.
Q4. Why is spherometer known by this name?
Ans: Spherometer is used to measure the radius of curvature of spherical surfaces. So it is
known by that name.
Q5. What does the pitch of spherometer mean?
Ans: the pitch of spherometer is the distance between two consecutive threads of the screw
which is parallel to the axis of rotation.
Viva Questions
Q1. Define scalar quantity.
Ans: It is defined as the physical quantity which has only magnitude like length, mass, etc.
Q2. Define vector quantity.
Ans: It is defined as the physical quantity which has magnitude and direction like force, velocity,
etc.
Q3. Define addition of vector.
Ans: The addition of vector is defined as the operation of adding two or more vectors together
into a vector sum.
Q4. What is resolution of vectors?
Ans: Resolution of the vector is defined as the breaking of a single vector into its components.
Q5. Why is addition of vector different from the addition of scalars?
Ans: Addition of vector has direction and magnitude whereas the addition of scalar has only
magnitude. Therefore, the addition of vector is different from the addition of scalar.
Define simple pendulum.
Answer: A pendulum is defined as a single isolated particle suspended by a weightless Flexible
and inextensible string with frictionless support.
Why is the word ‘simple’ used in simple pendulum?
Answer: Because the simple pendulum consists of mass m hanging from a string of length l and
fixed at a pivot point P. The pendulums used in the wall clocks are known as a compound
pendulum, and they have a metallic string instead of a thread.
Define simple harmonic motion (S.H.M).
Answer: A motion is called simple harmonic motion when:
(i)the magnitude of its acceleration is directly proportional to the displacement x from the mean
position.
(ii) the direction of the acceleration is always towards the mean position.
What is the relationship between frequency and time period?
Answer: The relationship between frequency and time period is given by f = 1/T
What is restoring force?
Answer: The force that brings a vibrating body towards the mean position is known as the
restoring force.
Can we use a cricket ball in the place of the bob?
Answer: No, we cannot. The bob must be as small as possible.
Can we use a rubber band instead of a thread?
Answer: No, we cannot because it is not inextensible.
Why is the thread part between block and pulley kept horizontal?
It is kept horizontal for the equal distribution of the total weight of pan and weights.
Why is a frictionless pulley being used?
By using a frictionless pulley the overall effective value can be reduced.
Why do roads become slippery after rains?
Friction between the feet and road reduces when there is a thin layer of rainwater between them.
So the roads become slippery after rains.
Why are brake surfaces kept flat?
The surface of the brake are flat because when the brake is pressed, it gets pushed from
hydraulic pistons and the surface of the brake rotor. Since it is getting pushed from both sides,
friction is created and so the surface should be flat.
Give some examples for sliding friction
Give some examples for sliding friction
Examples for sliding friction are:
 Hands are rubbed together, to produce heat.
 Skis sliding against the snow.
 Sliding of a block across the floor.
Viva Voce
1. Explain the relationship between the downward force and the angle of inclination of the
plane.Answer: The relation between the downward force and the angle of inclination is
given by
mg sin θ. For a constant mass m, W∝Sinθ.
2. What is an inclined plane?Answer: An inclined plane is a wooden plane over which a
glass sheet is placed to make the surface smooth. It makes an angle θ with the horizontal
ground.
3. What is the normal reaction on the inclined plane?Answer: The normal reaction on the
inclined plane is mgcosθ.
4. List a few applications of the inclined plane.Answer: Following are a few applications of
the inclined plane:
o Used in the ramp of the house
o The principle of inclined plane used in the way we use the ladder
o A plank put at the back of the truck to load and unload heavy goods
Viva Voce
1. Why is water used as a cooling and heating agent?
Answer: Water has high specific heat capacity because of which it absorbs more quantity of heat
than others.
2. State Newton’s law of cooling.
Answer: Newton’s law of cooling states that the rate of change of temperature of a body is
directly proportional to the difference between its own temperature and the temperature of its
Surrounding.
3. Why does a baby need more wrapping of woollen clothes than an adult?
Answer: Mass and the rate of fall of temperature are inversely proportional to each other. As the
mass of a baby is lesser than an adult man, the baby loses a larger amount of heat than a
grownup adult. Hence, a baby needs more wrapping.
4. Why is it easy to heat a hot pudding in a large plate than it is to heat it in a bowl?
Answer: The rate of cooling is directly proportional to the volume. Hence, a large plate cools
faster than a bowl.
5. Define specific heat capacity.
Answer: The heat required to raise the temperature of unit mass by 1oC is known as the specific
heat capacity

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I PUC PHYSICS VIVA-VOCE

Q1. What is the principle behind the vernier scale?

Q2. What is vernier constant?

Q2. What is Len’s maker formula?

Q3. What is the principle of spherometer?

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