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    Symmetrical Components

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    Bante Tadele
    Here are the key points about grounding and fault limiting devices: - Grounding is required to limit fault currents and voltages during ground faults. Without proper grounding, fault currents could be very high and damage equipment. - Grounding provides a low impedance path for fault currents to flow, which helps limit the rise in voltage during ground faults. This helps protect equipment from overvoltages. - Common grounding methods include solidly grounding the neutral point in a wye-connected system or grounding one end of a delta-connected system. - Fault limiting devices like fuses and circuit breakers are used to quickly detect fault currents and isolate the faulted section of the system. This helps limit the

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    Symmetrical Components

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    Bante Tadele
    53 views18 pages
    Here are the key points about grounding and fault limiting devices: - Grounding is required to limit fault currents and voltages during ground faults. Without proper grounding, fault currents could be very high and damage equipment. - Grounding provides a low impedance path for fault currents to flow, which helps limit the rise in voltage during ground faults. This helps protect equipment from overvoltages. - Common grounding methods include solidly grounding the neutral point in a wye-connected system or grounding one end of a delta-connected system. - Fault limiting devices like fuses and circuit breakers are used to quickly detect fault currents and isolate the faulted section of the system. This helps limit the

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    Here are the key points about grounding and fault limiting devices: - Grounding is required to limit fault currents and voltages during ground faults. Without proper grounding, fault currents could be very high and damage equipment. - Grounding provides a low impedance path for fault currents to flow, which helps limit the rise in voltage during ground faults. This helps protect equipment from overvoltages. - Common grounding methods include solidly grounding the neutral point in a wye-connected system or grounding one end of a delta-connected system. - Fault limiting devices like fuses and circuit breakers are used to quickly detect fault currents and isolate the faulted section of the system. This helps limit the

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    53 views18 pages

    Symmetrical Components

    Uploaded by

    Bante Tadele
    Here are the key points about grounding and fault limiting devices: - Grounding is required to limit fault currents and voltages during ground faults. Without proper grounding, fault currents could be very high and damage equipment. - Grounding provides a low impedance path for fault currents to flow, which helps limit the rise in voltage during ground faults. This helps protect equipment from overvoltages. - Common grounding methods include solidly grounding the neutral point in a wye-connected system or grounding one end of a delta-connected system. - Fault limiting devices like fuses and circuit breakers are used to quickly detect fault currents and isolate the faulted section of the system. This helps limit the

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    The key takeaways from the document are that symmetrical components are used to analyze faults in three-phase electrical systems by decomposing phase currents and voltages into three sets known as positive, negative and zero sequences that have distinct properties and can be treated independently.

    Symmetrical components are a technique used to analyze unbalanced three-phase power systems by decomposing the phase currents and voltages into three components known as positive, negative and zero sequences. They allow the analysis of faults which cause voltage and current unbalances by decomposing the system into balanced components that can be analyzed independently.

    The three types of symmetrical components are positive, negative and zero sequences. Positive sequence components have equal magnitudes 120 degrees out of phase, negative sequence are similar but phase reversed, and zero sequence have equal magnitudes and phase angles. They represent different characteristics in how they circulate in circuits.

    Lecture 5: Short Circuit Analysis-----Symmetrical

    zzvzvzvvzvzv
    Components

    Short Circuit

    What is the need for Short Circuit Study?


    Order of severity and occurrence of different types of fault

    Here the most severe fault in the power system is balanced/


    three phase fault and the most frequent is LG fault

    2
    Symmetrical Components
    ❑In three phase system we have three sets of sequences
    ⚫ The three sequence networks are known as the
    – positive sequence (this is the one we’ve been using)
    – negative sequence
    – zero sequence

    2
    Positive SequenceSets
    ⚫The positive sequence sets have three phase
    currents/voltages with equal magnitude, with
    phase b lagging phase a by 120°, and phase c
    lagging phase b by120°.
    ⚫We’ve been studying positive sequencesets
    Positive sequence sets
    have zero neutral
    current

    4
    Negative SequenceSets
    ⚫ The negative sequence sets have three phase
    currents/voltages with equal magnitude, with
    phase b leading phase a by 120°, and phase c
    leading phase b by120°.
    ⚫ Negative sequence sets are similar to positive
    sequence, except the phaseorder is reversed

    Negative sequence sets


    have zero neutral
    current

    5
    Zero SequenceSets
    ⚫Zero sequence sets have three values with
    equal magnitude and angle.
    ⚫Zero sequence sets have neutralcurrent

    6
    Sequence Representation
    ⚫ Any arbitrary set of three phasors, say Ia, Ib, Ic can be
    represented as a sum of the three sequence sets
    Ia = I 0 + I + + I −
    a. a a
    Ib = I 0+ I ++ I−
    b. b b
    Ic = I 0+ I ++ I−
    c. c c
    where
    I 0 , I 0 , I 0 is the zero sequence set
    a b c
    I +,I +,I + is the positive sequence set
    a b c
    I −, I −, I − is the negative sequence set
    a b c

    7
    Conversion from Sequence to Phase
    Only three of the sequence values are unique,
    I0a , I a+ , I a− ; the others are determined as follows:

    = 1120 + 2+ 3= 0  3 =1


    I0a = Ib0 = I0c (since by definition they are all equal)
    I b+ =  2 I a+ I c+ =  I a+ I b− =  I a− I c+ =  2 I a−

     Ia  1  
    1  1 1 1 1 
     a I 0

     I  = I 0 1 + I +  2  + I −    = 1  2    I +
     b a   a   a     a 
    Ic  1  2  1   2   I − 
         a 
    8
    Conversion Sequence toPhase
    Define the symmetrical components transformation
    matrix

    1 1 1
     
    A = 1  2
    
    1   2 
     
     Ia   I 0
    a
     I 0
     +  +
     
    Then I = I b = A  I a  = A  I  = A I s
     
    Ic   −  −
    I a   I 

    9
    Conversion Phase toSequence
    By taking the inverse we can convert from the
    phase values to the sequence values

    I s = A −1I
    1 1 1
    −1 1 1  2
    with A =   
    3
    1  2  
     

    Sequence sets can be used with voltages as well


    as with currents
    10
    ❑Vp is the phase voltage and Vs is the sequence voltage
    ❑So we can determine the phase and sequence voltages
    using A and 𝐴−1 matrices

    Vs=𝐴−1 Vp

    11
    Examples
    Sequence components: balanced line-to-neutral voltages

    12
    Example 2

    13
    Use of Symmetrical Components
    Consider the following wye-connectedload:
    I n = I a + Ib + Ic

    Vag = Ia Z y +I n Z n

    Vag = (ZY + Zn )I a + Zn Ib + Zn Ic

    Vbg = Zn Ia + (ZY + Zn )I b + Zn Ic

    Vcg = Zn Ia + Zn Ib + (ZY + Zn )I c

    14
    Use of Symmetrical Components

    15
    Use of Symmetrical Components

    16
    Networks are Now Decoupled

    17
    Why Grounding is required?
    Briefly describe about the fault limiting devices?
    18

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