Environments around the world: coastal, desert, mountainous, polar, rainforest, rural, urban

Vocabulary A clean world: air pollution, carbon dioxide, climate change, emissions, fuel, water pollution
‫المفردات اللغوية‬ Renewable and non-renewable energy: generate, geothermal energy, hydroelectricity,
kilowatt, solar energy, store, tidal energy, tide, waterwheels, wind turbines
Today we’re talking about pollution.
Language What are we doing to stop it?
‫اللغة‬ Scientists are finding new ways to travel and to use fuels.
Context as clue to the meaning of a new word or phrase
Descriptions of environments; a scientific report about energy sources; a text about how our
Reading ‫القراءة‬
environment allows different energy sources
Writing ‫الكتابة‬ A report about hydroelectricity at the High Dam
Speaking ‫التحدث‬ Talking about changes we can make to help the planet
Listening ‫االستماع‬ A podcast about ways to reduce pollution; a conversation about how to help environment
Life skills
Problem solving, accountability: the importance of helping the environment
‫المهارات الحياتية‬
Appreciation of science
Values ‫القيم‬
Respect for the environment
Issues and
Citizenship
challenges
Environmental responsibility
‫القضايا والتحديات‬
Integrated cross- Math: comparing and ordering high numbers
curriculum topics
‫التكامل عبر موضوعات المنهج‬

darsenglizy.com
 Vocabulary

rainforest the Red Sea the Nile Delta

) (
temperature metropolitan area often
enough
places insects reptiles
mammals environment continent
mountainous forest swamp
without dry x wet x sometimes
desert polar rural
building traffic urban
coastal not many difficult
weather different kind
quiet Arctic windy
oxygen Antarctic high
quickly special mountain

Regular verbs Irregular verbs

Present Past Present Past

rain rained find found

live lived have/has had
survive survived get got
travel traveled
change changed
breathe breathed

Expressions and phrases

for example next to

have to a lot of
at the top of densely populated
(be) used to sparsely populated

darsenglizy.com
 Did you know?

The Amazon covers 40% of South America and is

the world’s largest rainforest. It is 5.5 million
square kilometers. The second largest is the Congo
in Africa. It is 777,000 square kilometers.
‫ من مساحة أمريكا الجنوبية وهي أكبر غابة مطيرة في العالم‬%40 ‫تغطي منطقة األمازون‬
‫ ثاني أكبر غابة مطيرة هي الكونغو في أفريقيا‬.‫ مليون كيلومتر مربع‬5.5 ‫وتبلغ مساحتها‬
.‫ كيلو متر مربع‬777000 ‫وتبلغ مساحتها‬

Listen and read. SB P. 4

1. rainforest: There are lots of trees, plants, and flowers here. Lots of
animals live in these places. For example, there are insects, birds,
reptiles, and mammals. It often rains and the temperature is hot.
2. coastal: This environment is where the land is next to the sea. In
some places there are beaches with sand, and sometimes there are
swamps and forests. The Nile Delta is an example, and so is the Red
Sea.
3. desert: It is very dry in this environment. The animals and plants
that live here have to find clever ways to survive without a lot of
water. You can find these environments on every continent, and
they can be hot or cold.
4. rural: There aren't many houses or buildings here, so this place
often has more animals and plants. Not many people live here, so it
is sparsely populated. It can have lots of different kinds of
weather, but it's a quiet place to live.
5. polar: There are two of these environments in the world: the
Arctic and the Antarctic. It is cold and windy here, with a lot of
ice. Some animals have found ways to live here, but there aren't
any trees or flowers.

darsenglizy.com
6. urban: This is a metropolitan area which is densely populated. Most
people in the world live in this kind of environment. There are lots
of buildings, and there can be a lot of traffic, too.

7. mountainous: It can be difficult for people to live and travel in this

high environment. They are very beautiful places, but they can be
cold, with lots of rain or snow, and the weather can change quickly.
The animals and plants that live here have to find special ways to
survive.

Look and circle the environment

polar / urban coastal / rainforest

desert / mountainous urban / rural

desert / polar mountainous / coastal

darsenglizy.com
 Read and write T (True) or F (False).
1. There is always a beach in a coastal environment. (………)
2. There are polar environments on every continent. (………)
3. Mountain environments are sparsely populated. (………)
4. An urban environment is a quiet place to live. (………)
5. You can see lots of different animals in a rainforest. (……)

Did you know?

It is harder to get enough oxygen when you

breathe at the top of a high mountain. If you
aren’t used to being in the mountains, it can make
you sick.
‫ إذا لم‬.ٍ‫يصعب الحصول علي ما يكفي من األكسجين عندما تتنفس في قمة جبل عال‬
.‫ فقد يجعلك ذلك مريضًا‬،‫تكن معتاد علي التواجد في الجبال‬

make + ‫ مفعول‬+ ‫صفة‬/ to ‫مصدر بدون‬ ‫جيعل‬

If you aren’t used to being in the mountains,
it can make you sick.

What kind of …? ‫؟‬... ‫ما نوع‬

What kind of plants are there in your environment?

darsenglizy.com
1 Choose the correct answers from a, b, c, or d:
1. There are lots of …………… in a rainforest.
a. seas b. beaches c. trees d. sand
2. It ……………… rains in the rainforest.
a. never b. often c. can’t d. hardly
3. The temperature is …………… in a rainforest.
a. cold b. cool c. snowy d. hot
4. The …………… environment is where the land is next to the sea.
a. polar b. desert c. rainforest d. coastal
5. There are beaches and …………… in a coastal environment.
a. swamps b. sand c. ice d. snow
6. The ………………… is an example for a coastal environment.
a. desert b. mammal c. Nile Delta d. mountain
7. It is very ………………… in a desert environment.
a. wet b. dry c. windy d. rainy
8. You can find desert environments on every ……………………
a. continent b. town c. city d. village
9. The rural areas are ………………… populated.
a. densely b. highly c. largely d. sparsely
10. The urban areas are ………………… populated.
a. sparsely b. hardly c. densely d. never
11. There can be a lot of traffic in ………………… areas.
a. rural b. urban c. desert d. polar
12. There is a lot of ice in a ………………… environment.
a. desert b. urban c. polar d. rainforest
13. There are high mountains in a ………………… environment.
a. polar b. mountainous c. coastal d. urban

darsenglizy.com
 2 Read and complete the dialogue with words from the box:
cold – Antarctic – two - weather
Noha : What does the (1) ........................ look like in the polar environment?
Sara : It is (2) ........................ and windy.
Noha : How many environments are there?
Sara : There are (3) ......................... environments.
Noha: What are they?
Sara : The Arctic and the (4) ……………………………………………………….

3 Reorder the words to make correct sentences:

1. the – live - rainforest – Lots of – in - animals.
……………………………………………………………………………
2. rural - in – many – areas - There – buildings – aren’t - the.
……………………………………………………………………………
3. places - are - beautiful – Mountainous – very.
……………………………………………………………………………

4 Look and write.

urban - densely trees – rainforest

………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………

5 Read and write T (True) or F (False).

1. There are desert environments on every continent.
2. You can’t see any beaches in a coastal environment.
3. A rural environment is a quiet place to live.
4. A polar environment is very hot.

darsenglizy.com
6 Read and match (A) with (B).
(A) (B)
1. An urban environment is ( ) sparsely populated.
2. Mountain environments are ( ) polar environments.
3. You can see lots of animals ( ) densely populated.
4. There aren’t any trees in ( ) in the rainforest.

7 Supply the missing letters.

rur_ _ _ese_t c_a_tal rai_ _orest

8 Read the following text and answer the questions:

There are lots of trees, plants, and flowers in the
rainforest. Lots of animals live in these places. For example,
there are insects, birds, reptiles, and mammals. It is often rains
and the temperature is hot. A coastal environment is where the
land next to the sea. In some places there are beaches with
sand, and sometimes there are swamps and forests. The Nile
Delta is an example, and so is the Red Sea.

1. There are (mountains – buildings – reptiles - traffic) and

mammals in the rainforest.
2. The temperature is (cold – cool – icy - hot) in a rainforest.
3. There are (beaches – houses – buildings - traffic) with sand
in a coastal environment.
4. The (desert – Red Sea – Arctic - Antarctic) is an example
for a coastal environment.

10

darsenglizy.com
 Definitions
climate change when the weather and temperature change over a
long period of time
carbon dioxide a gas in the atmosphere known as CO2. It can be
dangerous when there is too much in the air
air pollution when the air is dirty; this can make people or
animals sick
water pollution when water is dirty because of chemicals or
plastic
fuel this is something we burn to make heat or power
emissions these are made, for example, by factories, cars
and lorries; they can cause air pollution

Vocabulary
TV program chemicals atmosphere

dangerous dirty sick

tent gas plastic
heat power factories
website lorries climber
scientists boots cleaner
electric podcast article
garbage gloves Mount
Everest
volcanic eruption fires

Expressions and phrases

a long period of time known as
new forms of because of
It’s important to … recycle plastic
talk about wait for
pick up go into

11

darsenglizy.com
 Irregular verbs
Present Past Present Past
cause caused make made
disappear disappeared burn burned/burnt
recycle recycled throw threw
stop stopped find found
use used read read
try tried drive drove
walk walked wear wore
learn learned put put
watch watched ride rode
collect collected leave left

Did you know?

A plastic bottle can be in the sea for over 400

years before it disappears. It’s important to
recycle plastic, not throw it away.
‫ من‬.‫ عام قبل أن تختفي‬400 ‫يمكن أن تظل الزجاجة البالستيكية في البحر ألكثر من‬
.‫ وليس رميه بعيدا‬،‫المهم إعادة تدوير البالستيك‬

Present Continuous Tense ‫زمن املضارع املستمر‬

am/is/are + verb + ing
We use Present Continuous (subject + verb to be +
verb+ing) to talk about things that are happening now or
things that will happen in the future.
‫ ( للتحدث عن أشياء تحدث اآلن‬ing + ‫ فعل‬+‫ فعل يكون‬+ ‫نستخدم زمن المضارع المستمر (فاعل‬
.‫أو أشياء سوف تحدث في المستقبل‬

12

darsenglizy.com
 Affirmative ‫مثبت‬ Negative ‫منفي‬ Interrogative ‫استفهام‬
I am talking about I am not talking about Am I talking about
pollution. pollution. pollution?
You are driving an You aren’t driving an Are you driving an
electric car. electric car. electric car?
(He, She, It) is eating. (He, She, It) isn’t eating. Is (he, she, it) eating?
We are walking to We aren’t walking to Are we walking to
school. school. school?
You are using You aren't using Are you using recycled
recycled plastic. recycled plastic. plastic?
They are listening to They aren't listening Are they listening to a
a podcast. to a podcast. podcast?
Note: is = ’s / am = ’m / are =’re / not = n’t
Verbs ending in a single letter (e), drop it before adding (ing)
‫( لنهاية الفعل‬ing) ‫( مفرد تحذف قبل إضافة‬e) ‫األفعال المنتهية بحرف‬

come coming make making

type typing bake baking
leave leaving lose losing
Verbs ending in a stressed consonant preceded by a vowel, double it before
adding (ing) (ing) ‫األفعال المنتهية بحرف ساكن مضغوط مسبوق بمتحرك يضاعف قبل إضافة‬

sit sitting run running

swim swimming dig digging
shop shopping begin beginning
Verbs ending in letters (ie), change them into (y) before adding (ing)
(ing) ‫( قبل إضافة‬y) ‫( تتحول إلي‬ie) ‫األفعال المنتهية بحروف‬
tie tying lie lying
die dying
:‫) في زمن المضارع المستمر هي‬wh( ‫صيغة سؤال‬
Question word ‫ أداة االستفهام‬+ verb to be + subject ‫ فاعل‬+ verb+ing?

e.g. They are picking up the garbage to stop pollution. (What)

What are they doing to stop pollution?

keywords: Look! – Listen! – soon - today – now – at the moment

13

darsenglizy.com
1 Choose the correct answers from a, b, c, or d: (Structure)
1. We are …………… plastic today.
a. recycle b. recycles c. recycling d. recycled
2. I ……………… a TV program now.
a. watches b. watched c. watch d. am watching
3. …………… he using recycled plastic?
a. Are b. Am c. Does d. Is
4. What are you ………………… today?
a. doing b. does c. did d. do
5. She …………… listening to the podcast.
a. aren’t b. isn’t c. am not d. are
6. Look! They ………………… the beach.
a. clean b. cleaned c. is cleaning d. are cleaning

2 Rewrite the following sentences using the words in brackets:

1. He is waiting for the bus. (not)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

2. I read an article about environment yesterday. (now)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

3. We are learning about climate change. (What)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

4. They are walking to school. (She)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

3 Correct the mistakes.

1. I are using a notebook made of recycled plastic.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

2. Is they trying to make the world a cleaner place?

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

3. He picked up the garbage now.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

14

darsenglizy.com
1 Choose the correct answers from a, b, c, or d: (Vocabulary)
1. We’re talking …………… pollution.
a. to b. with c. in d. about
2. I am waiting ……………… the bus.
a. of b. to c. for d. with
3. …………………… is when the weather and temperature change over
a long period of time.
a. Fuel b. Climate change
c. Carbon dioxide d. Emissions
4. ………………… can be dangerous when there is too much in the air.
a. Recycling b. Carbon dioxide
c. Oxygen d. Climate change
5. ……………………………… is something we burn to make heat or power.
a. Fuel b. Climate change
c. Emissions d. Carbon dioxide
6. ………………… are made by factories, cars and lorries.
a. Fuel b. Wind c. Rain d. Emissions
7. ………………… can make water pollution.
a. Trees b. Flowers c. Plants d. Plastic
8. Emissions can cause air ……………………
a. oxygen b. pollution c. recycling d. power
9. A plastic bottle can be in the sea for over ………….………… years
before it disappears.
a. 40 b. 4 c. 400 d. 14
10. It’s important to ………………… plastic.
a. recycle b. cycle c. throw d. wait

15

darsenglizy.com
2 Reorder the words to make correct sentences:
1. are - today – We - traveling.
……………………………………………………………………………
2. learning – are - What – they?
……………………………………………………………………………

3 Choose the correct answers from a, b, c, or d: (Structure)

1. They …………………………… helping the environment.
a. am b. is c. are d. isn’t
2. He ……………… a football match now.
a. watched b. watches c. watch d. is watching
3. Are you ………………… to the beach today?
a. goes b. going c. go d. went
4. Listen! The teacher …………………… about the climate change.
a. talks b. talked c. talk d. is talking
5. I ………………… an email to my uncle soon.
a. is sending b. send c. am sending d. sent
5. What is she …………………?
a. read b. reading c. reads d. can read

4 Look and write.

recycle - plastic picking up – garbage

…………………………………………… ……………………………………………

5 Supply the missing letters.

f_e_ pla_ti_ _ollut_on g_rba_e

16

darsenglizy.com
6 Read and match (A) with (B).
(A) (B)
1. Carbon dioxide is a gas in the ( ) people sick.
2. Air pollution can make ( ) because of chemicals.
3. Water pollution happens ( ) heat and power.
4. We burn fuel to make ( ) atmosphere known as CO₂.

7 Read and complete with words from the box.

wearing - are putting - are – picking
These people (1) ………………… helping to stop pollution.
They are on the beach and they are (2) ……………………………up
garbage. The garbage can be dirty, so they are (3)
………………………… gloves. They (4) ……………………………the plastic in
bags so it doesn’t go into the sea.

8 Read and write T (True) or F (False).

1. Carbon dioxide is not dangerous.
2. We burn coal to make heat.
3. Forest fires can cause air pollution.
4. Plastic bottles can be 40 years in the sea.

9 Look and write a paragraph of FOUR (4) sentences on:

(Water pollution)
Guiding words: Water pollution - dirty – plastic – chemicals

……………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………

17

darsenglizy.com
 Definitions
non-renewable energies when these energies run out, we can’t find or
make more of them
renewable energies these energies don’t run out and they don’t
make pollution
turbine a machine that makes energy
to store to keep something
to generate to make something
tide when the level of the sea gets higher and lower

Vocabulary

geothermal energy wind turbines natural resources

solar energy solar panels tidal energy

fossil fuels right x left x more x less x

oil old x new x type
large coal Earth
farm wind however
clean electricity wave
coast electrical strong
source remains gas
machine inside level

Regular verbs Irregular verbs

Present Past Present Past
use used burn burned/burnt
release released shine shone
move moved blow blew
heat heated keep kept

18

darsenglizy.com
 Expressions and phrases
to make homes warm run out
(be) made from get ……… from
such as on the long run
close to go up and down
throughout the day work by movement
the moving water in other places
under the ground in the future
good places for gets hotter or colder

Listen and read. SB P. 8

Why is a coastal environment a good place for a wind farm?

Fossil fuels are things like coal, gas, and oil. These are burned in
factories or used to make homes and buildings warm. However,
they are non-renewable: when they run out, we can't find or make
more of them. Fossil fuels are made from the remains of very old
plants and animals that lived on Earth a long time ago. When we
burn them, a lot of carbon dioxide is released into the atmosphere.

There are other kinds of energy we can use which are

renewable: they don't run out. We can get renewable energy
from natural resources such as the wind, the sun, water, and

19

darsenglizy.com
heat inside the Earth. These kinds of energy don't make
pollution, and, on the long run, they are better.
There are many types of environments on Earth, and we can use
different natural resources in different places. For example, a hot
desert is a good place to get solar energy from the sun, and there
are large farms with lots of solar panels that can make clean
electricity. A coastal environment can get a lot of wind, so some
places have a lot of wind turbines in the sea, close to the coast.
In some places, the sea goes up and down throughout the day.
This is called a tide. In places where the tides are very big and
strong, we can use tidal energy from the moving water to make
electricity. Wind and wave turbines work by movement. The wind
or water make turbines move, and this moving energy generates
electrical energy. You can store this energy, so if the sun isn't
shining or the wind isn't blowing, we will still have electricity! In
other places, it is very hot under the ground. These are good
places for geothermal energy, as the ground can heat water.
In the future, we need to get more of our energy from
renewable sources, and less from non-renewable sources.

Match the types of energy to the photos

geothermal energy

solar energy

tidal energy

wind energy

20

darsenglizy.com
 Tip !
Sometimes when we read a text, we find words which we
don’t understand. Look at the rest of the words in the
sentence carefully. Can they help you understand the new
word?
.‫ انظر بعناية إلي بقية الكلمات في الجملة‬.‫ نجد كلمات ال نفهمها‬،‫أحيانا عندما نقرأ نصًا‬
‫هل يمكنهم مساعدتك في فهم الكلمة الجديدة؟‬

Look at how a new word is used in a sentence and decide if it

is verb or a noun. This helps you guess the meaning of new
words.
‫ هذا‬.‫انظر إلي كيفية استخدام كلمة جديدة في الجملة وقرر ما إذا كانت فعًال أم اسمًا‬
.‫يساعدك علي تخمين معني الكلمات الجديدة‬

* Read and choose the best meaning:

1. Wind and wave turbines work by movement.
A turbine is a source of energy / machine to make energy.
2. This moving energy generates electrical energy.
To generate is to make / use something.
3. You can store this energy, so if the sun isn’t shining or the
wind isn’t blowing, we will still have electricity!
To store is to make / keep something.
4. In some place, the sea goes up and down / right and left
throughout the day. This is called a tide.
5. A tide is when the level of the sea gets higher or lower / the
sea gets hotter or colder.

21

darsenglizy.com
1 Choose the correct answers from a, b, c, or d:
1. Fossil fuels are things like …………… , gas, and oil.
a. wind b. sun c. water d. coal
2. Fossil fuels make homes and buildings ………………
a. cold b. warm c. cool d. snowy
3. ……………………… energies run out.
a. Solar b. Renewable c. Wind d. Non-renewable
4. ……………………… energies don’t run out.
a. Fossil Fuels b. Coal c. Renewable d. Non-renewable
5. When we burn fossil fuels, a lot of …………………………… is released into
the atmosphere.
a. Oxygen b. fresh air c. water d. carbon dioxide
6. We can get renewable energies from …………………, sun and water.
a. coal b. oil c. wind d. gas
7. ……………………………… energies don’t make pollution.
a. Non-renewable b. Renewable
c. Fossil Fuels d. Carbon dioxide
8. Renewable energies are better …………… the long run.
a. in b. of c. on d. at
9. A hot desert is a good place for ………………… energy.
a. tidal b. solar c. wind d. coastal
10. We get solar energy from the …………………
a. water b. wind c. river d. sun
11. The solar energy can make ………………… electricity.
a. clean b. dirty c. dangerous d. harmful
12. A ………………… environment can get a lot of wind.
a. solar b. desert c. coastal d. hot
13. A ……… happens when the sea goes up and down throughout the day.
a. solar b. tide c. heat d. geothermal

22

darsenglizy.com
14. We can use tidal energy from the moving ………….……… to make
electricity.
a. sun b. air c. panels d. water
15. Wind and ………………… turbines work by movement.
a. coal b. wave c. sun d. gas
16. In other places, it is very hot under the ground. These are
good places for ……………………… energy.
a. tidal b. coastal c. wind d. geothermal
17. We need to get ……………… of our energy from renewable sources.
a. more b. less c. least d. little
18. We need to get ……………… of our energy from non-renewable
sources.
a. more b. less c. a lot of d. much

2 Read and complete the dialogue with words from the box:
energy – natural – non-renewable - doing
Heba : What are you (1) ........................?
Nada: I’m reading an article about (2) ........................ .
Heba : What are the kinds of energy?
Nada: They are (3) ......................... and renewable energies.
Heba: How can we get the renewable energies?
Nada: We can get them from the (4) ......................... resources.

3 Look and write.

solar energy - sun wind turbines – work

……………………………………… ……………………………………………………

23

darsenglizy.com
 5 Read and match (A) with (B).
(A) (B)
1. The heat inside the Earth is a ( ) that makes electricity.
2. A turbine is a machine ( ) to keep something.
3. A tide is when the level of the sea ( ) renewable energy.
4. To store is ( ) gets higher and lower.

6 Supply the missing letters.

tu_bi_e sola_ pan_l w_v_ co_ _

7 Read the following text and answer the questions:

Fossil fuels are things like coal, gas, and oil. These are
burned in factories or used to make homes and buildings warm.
However, they are non-renewable: when they run out, we can’t
find or make more of them. Fossil fuels are made from the
remains of very old plants and animals that lived on Earth a
long time ago. When we burn them, a lot of carbon dioxide is
released into the atmosphere.

1. Fossil fuels are (kept – burned – made - cleaned) in factories.

2. Fossil fuels are (renewable – natural – non-renewable – recycled).
3. Non-renewable energies (don’t run out – recycle – run out – clean).
4. When we (burn – store – keep - recycle) fossil fuels, a lot of
carbon dioxide is released into the atmosphere.

24

darsenglizy.com
 Definitions
hydroelectricity (hydropower) using the energy from moving water
to move machines or generate electricity
location a place or position
kilowatt a measure of 1,000 watts of electrical power
waterwheel a large wheel turned by moving water to move machines

Vocabulary
mechanical energy hydroelectric Ancient Egyptians

underground The River Nile generator

report steam electricity

Iceland engineer billion
country hole flooding
spring industrial farming
volcano Greeks High Dam
tourist capital city friendly
island tunnel reservoir
deep metal power

Regular verbs Irregular verbs

Present Past Present Past
use used mean meant
heat heated build built
generate generated take took

Expressions and phrases

come up come from
refer to underground water
hydroelectric plant for a very long time

25

darsenglizy.com
 Read the report. SB P. 10
How does the environment in Iceland make renewable energy?
Report: Geothermal energy, Iceland
Why Iceland?
Iceland is a cold country, but it has more than
600 hot springs and 200 volcanoes. There is a
lot of hot water underground, and this is used
to heat homes and to make electricity.
How does it work?
When water gets hot, it makes steam. Engineers in Iceland can
make holes down to the hot water underground. Then steam
comes up and it moves turbines to make electricity.
Why is it important?
100% of its electricity and heat comes from renewable sources.

Read the tip and find these features in the report:

Writing Tip!
A report is a way to give information about a topic. It often
has these features.
.‫ غالبا ما يكون لديه هؤالء الميزات‬.‫التقرير هو وسيلة إلعطاء معلومات حول موضوع ما‬
A title – this tells you what the report is about.
.‫ يخبرك عن موضوع التقرير‬- ‫العنوان‬
Photos – these illustrate the report and make it look interesting.
A photo can help explain what you mean.
.‫ يمكن أن تساعد الصورة في شرح ما تعنيه‬.‫ توضح التقرير وتجعله يبدو ممتعا‬- ‫الصور‬
Subtitles – these break down the information into smaller
sections by topic. .‫العناوين الفرعية – تقسم هذه المعلومات إلي أقسام أصغر حسب الموضوع‬
Facts and figures – a report uses these to show that
information is true. .‫الحقائق واألرقام – يستخدمها التقرير إلثبات صحة المعلومات‬

26

darsenglizy.com
 Read the text. SB P. 11
How was hydroelectricity used in the past?
Hydroelectricity
People have used hydroelectricity (also called hydropower) for a
very long time. Hydroelectricity means
using the energy from moving water
to move machines or generate electricity.
The Ancient Egyptians and Greeks used
the energy in moving water to turn
waterwheels. The waterwheels could
move machines and these machines
helped with both farming and making food.
Now, we can use hydroelectricity to generate electricity. A
hydroelectric dam uses the energy in falling water to turn a
turbine. The mechanical energy of the moving turbine is changed
to electrical energy by a generator.
The High Dam was finished in 1971. It uses water from the River
Nile to generate electricity. The location of Aswan made this a
good place to build the dam, because it could stop the River Nile
from flooding. The dam has twelve large turbines inside. It
generates more than 10 billion kilowatt hours of electricity a year!

Write a report about hydroelectricity at the High Dam.

Use the subtitles below
1. Why Aswan? ………………………………………………………………….

2. How does it work? ………………………………………………………………….

3. Why is it important? ………………………………………………………………….

27

darsenglizy.com
Read the text and answer the questions:
Kárahnjúkar Hydroelectricity Plant
Kárahnjúkar is a hydroelectricity plant in eastern Iceland. The
hydroelectric plant is the largest power plant in Iceland. It took five
years to build, from 2003 to 2007. Five dams were built across two
rivers. This created three large reservoirs of water. Water from
the reservoirs travels through 73 kilometers of underground water
tunnels. Then it goes down a deep tunnel to the underground power
station. The Kárahnjúkar Dam is the largest of the five dams. It is
193 meters high and 730 meters long. It generates more than
690,000 kilowatts of power a year. The power isn't used to heat
homes. It is used for an industrial metal plant.
1. Kárahnjúkar is a (fuel – coal – hydroelectricity - plastic) plant.
2. (Four – Two – Six – Five) dams were built across two rivers.
3. The Kárahnjúkar Dam is the (shortest – largest – smallest –
tiniest) of the five dams.

4. Where is the Kárahnjúkar Hydroelectric plant?

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

5. How long did it take to build the hydroelectric plant?

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

6. How high is the Kárahnjúkar Dam?

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Write a report about the Kárahnjúkar hydroelectric plant. Use

these subtitles
1. How was it built?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

2. How does it work?

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

3. Why is the Kárahnjúkar Dam important?

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

28

darsenglizy.com
1 Choose the correct answers from a, b, c, or d:
1. Iceland is a …………… country.
a. hot b. cold c. sunny d. solar
2. Iceland has more than ……………… hot springs.
a. 600 b. 700 c. 1000 d. 800
3. Iceland has more than ……………… volcanoes.
a. 400 b. 600 c. 900 d. 200
4. The hot water underground is used to ………………… homes.
a. hide b. hit c. heat d. hate
5. When water gets hot, it makes ………………………
a. ice b. snow c. rain d. steam
6. 100% Iceland’s electricity comes from ……………… sources.
a. fuel b. non-renewablec. renewable d. coal
7. …… in Iceland can make holes down to the hot water underground.
a. Scientists b. Engineers c. Farmers d. Artisans
8. The ……………… comes up and it moves turbines to make electricity.
a. steam b. stem c. panel d. plant
9. The Ancient Egyptians and Greeks used ………………….
a. solar panels b. high dam c. electricity d. waterwheels
10. We use ………………… to generate electricity.
a. plastic b. gloves c. ice d. hydroelectricity
11. The High Dam could stop the River Nile from …………………
a. flooding b. electricity c. power d. energy
12. Karahnjukar is a hydroelectricity plant in eastern …………………
a. Egypt b. China c. America d. Iceland
13. The power of Karahnjukar is used for an industrial ……… plant.
a. glass b. metal c. plastic d. fabric

29

darsenglizy.com
 2 Read and complete the dialogue with words from the box:
electricity – steam – hot - heat
Eyad : How does the environment in Iceland make renewable energy?
Amir: There is a lot of (1) ........................ water underground.
Eyad: Is this hot water used to (2) ........................ homes?
Amir: Yes, and it is also used to make (3) ..........................
Eyad: What happens when water gets hot?
Amir: It makes (4) ..........................

3 Reorder the words to make correct sentences:

1. large – inside - dam - turbines – The – twelve - has.
………………………………………………………………………………………….…………………

2. natural – comes - Geothermal – sources – energy - from.

…………………………………………………………………………………….……………………

3. Dam - meters - is – Karahnjukar – high - 193.

………………………………………………………………………………….…………………………

4 Look and write.

move - machines stop – flooding

………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………

5 Read and write T (True) or F (False).

1. Karahnjukar plant took five years to build.
2. Iceland is a cold country.
3. 100% Iceland’s electricity comes from non-renewable sources.
4. Hydroelectricity can’t generate electricity.

30

darsenglizy.com
 6 Read and match (A) with (B).
(A) (B)
1. Location means ( ) place to live.
2. Kilowatt is a measure of 1,000 ( ) a place or position.
3. A waterwheel is turned by ( ) watts of electrical power.
4. Iceland is a great ( ) moving water to move machines.

7 Supply the missing letters.

en_inee_ _tea_ tou_i_t _ol_ano

8 Read the following text and answer the questions:

The High Dam was finished in 1971. It uses water from the
River Nile to generate electricity. The location of Aswan made
this a good place to build the dam, because it could stop the River
Nile from flooding. The dam has twelve large turbines inside. It
generates more than 10 billion kilowatt hours of electricity a year.
1. The High Dam was finished in (1991 – 1961 – 1981 - 1971).
2. The High Dam (could – couldn’t – doesn’t – didn’t) stop the
River Nile flooding.
3. The (name – date – location - photo) of Aswan is a good place to
build the dam.
4. The High Dam generates more than (10 thousand – 10 billion –
10 million – 10 hundred) kilowatt hours of electricity a year.

9 Punctuate.
five dams were built across two rivers
……………………………….…………………………………………….

31

darsenglizy.com
 Vocabulary
project amazing tonnes
public park sure planet
average brain heart
human cells interesting
town street spaces
difficult easy important

Regular verbs Irregular verbs

Present Past Present Past
plant planted understand understood
start started think thought
absorb absorbed beat beat
protect protected give gave
waste wasted

Expressions and phrases

You’re right. take … out

drop garbage turn off lights
find out I agree.
I’m not sure. I disagree.

Read and learn. (Large numbers)

a. 1,000 (one thousand) b. 10,000 (ten thousand)
c. 100,000 (one hundred thousand) d. 1,000,000 (one million)
e. 10,000,000 (ten million)
f. 100,000,000 (one hundred million)
g. 1,000,000,000 (one billion)
CLIL: Math: Comparing and ordering high numbers
32

darsenglizy.com
 Read the story.
How many trees will Egypt plant? Why is it doing this?
Listen to this, Mom,' said Nessma one day after school.
‘This article says that in 2019, Egypt started a project to plant one
million trees in public parks and gardens all over the country. That's
amazing.’ You're right,’ said Mom. 'Do you understand why it's
important to plant trees?' Nessma wasn't sure. 'They look really nice,
don't they? They give us fruit, and they can be homes for animals.’
‘All those things are true, but trees are even more special than that,’
said Mom. ‘Some of the things that people do make carbon dioxide
emissions. This causes air pollution and climate change. But forests
can absorb carbon dioxide. That means they take it out of the
atmosphere and make the air cleaner! Did you know that forests
absorb about 2.6 billion tonnes of carbon dioxide every year?’
‘Wow, that's a lot of carbon dioxide!' said Nessma. ‘So trees are
really important in protecting our planet!’
Read and learn.
1. The average human brain has about 100 billion brain cells.
2. The average human has about 100,000 hairs on their head.
3. Your heart beats about 35 million times a year.
Read and notice how the two speakers answer the questions.
: So, the first question is: What can our country do to help the
environment? That's interesting. I think our country can help
by using more renewable energy.

: I agree. That would be a good way to use less fossil fuel.

I also think it's a good idea to plant more trees and protect
the forests we have.

: Yes, you're right. Forests help to protect the environment.

: And what can I do to help the environment? Well, I can

recycle plastic and not drop garbage.

33

darsenglizy.com
 : Yes, we shouldn't drop garbage, but I think the most important
thing is to turn off lights and not waste electricity.

Speaking tip!
When you work in pairs, take time to listen to your partner.
Say if you agree or disagree. You can use phrases like these:
I agree. I'm not sure I disagree.
) (

Project
What does the person with the poster get?
Make our town a better place!
Our town is a great place to live, but what can we
do to make the environment here better?
Do you want more green spaces to play in, cleaner
streets, or less traffic? Make a poster with your
ideas. There's a prize for the best idea!

Read the task and make notes

You are entering the competition
 What would you do to make the
environment where you live better?
 Think of what you could change and why
it would help. How easy or difficult
would it be to make this change?
Remember that you have to persuade people that your poster is the best!

34

darsenglizy.com
 1 Choose the correct answers from a, b, c, or d:
1. In 2019, Egypt started a project to plant one …………… trees in
public parks.
a. hundred b. thousand c. billion d. million
2. Carbon dioxide emissions can cause air …………………………
a. cleaning b. protecting c. pollution d. keeping
3. Forests can …………………… carbon dioxide.
a. give b. absorb c. plant d. listen
4. ……………………… are really important in protecting our planet.
a. Trees b. Carbon dioxide
c. Pollution d. Climate changes
5. Forests absorb about 2.6 billion ….…… of carbon dioxide every year.
a. kilograms b. liters c. grams d. tonnes
6. Forests take carbon dioxide …………… of the atmosphere.
a. in b. out c. with d. to
7. The average human brain has about 100 …………… brain cells.
a. million b. thousand c. hundred d. billion
8. The average human has about …………………… hairs on their head.
a. 100,000,000 b. 100,000 c. 1,000,000 d. 1,000
9. Your heart beats about …………………… million times a year.
a. 70 b. 100 c. 35 d. 90
10. We should ………………………… more trees.
a. cut b. throw c. burn d. plant

2 Reorder the words to make correct sentences:

1. paper - important – Recycling – is.
……………………………………………………………………………

2. environment – to - Trees – the – help - protect.

……………………………………………………………………………

35

darsenglizy.com
 3 Read and complete the dialogue with words from the box:
I agree – I disagree – I’m not sure - electricity
Hany : I think it’s better to recycle plastic than glass.
Peter: (1) .............................. I think they are both important.
Hany: I think we should turn off lights and not waste (2) .............
Peter: Yes, you’re right. (3) ...............................
Hany: Fossil fuels are cleaner than renewable energy.
Peter: (4) ...................... I don’t think that’s right.

4 Write the numbers.

10,000,000 1,000,000,000 1,000 1,000,000

…………………… …………………… …………………… ……………………

5 Read and write T (True) or F (False).

1. Forests make the air cleaner.
2. Trees are not important in protecting our planet.
3. We should drop garbage.
4. We shouldn’t waste electricity.

6 Look and write a paragraph of four (4) sentences.

(How to help our environment!)
Guiding words: plant - trees – recycle – plastic

……………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………

36

darsenglizy.com
1 Choose the correct answers from a, b, c, or d: (Vocabulary)
1. The temperature is …………… in a rainforest.
a. cold b. cool c. snowy d. hot
2. The average human brain has about ………..…… billion brain cells.
a. 10 b. 100 c. 20 d. 50
3. You can find desert environments on every ……………………
a. continent b. town c. city d. village
4. ………………… can be dangerous when there is too much in the air.
a. Recycling b. Carbon dioxide
c. Oxygen d. Climate change
5. The ………………… is an example for a coastal environment.
a. desert b. mammal c. Nile Delta d. mountain
6. ………………… are made by factories, cars and lorries.
a. Fuel b. Wind c. Emissions d. Rain
7. The rural areas are ………………… populated.
a. densely b. highly c. largely d. sparsely
8. The High Dam could stop the River Nile from …………………
a. flooding b. electricity c. power d. energy
9. When water gets hot, it makes ………………………
a. ice b. snow c. rain d. steam
10. Forests absorb about 2.6 billion …… of carbon dioxide every year.
a. kilograms b. tonnes c. liters d. grams

2 Reorder the words to make correct sentences:

1. very - desert - is – The – hot - environment.
……………………………………………………………………………

2. country – is - Iceland – a cold.

……………………………………………………………………………

37

darsenglizy.com
 3 Choose the correct answers from a, b, c, or d: (Structure)
1. We …………………………… planting more trees.
a. am b. is c. am not d. are
2. Today she is ……………… about water pollution.
a. talk b. talking c. talks d. talked
3. Scientists ……… new ways to protect the environment in the future.
a. are finding b. find c. finds d. found
4. Are they ………………… to the park?
a. goes b. go c. going d. went
5. I ………………… listening to a podcast.
a. is b. am c. are d. isn’t
5. What is he …………………?
a. watches b. watch c. watched d. watching

4 Read and complete the dialogue with words from the box:
bus – picking – Where - beach
Eyad: What are you waiting for?
Amir: I’m waiting for the (1) ........................
Eyad: (2) ........................ are you going?
Amir: I’m going to the (3) ..........................
Eyad: What are you doing there?
Amir: I’m (4) ......................... up the plastic bottles.

5. Supply the missing letters.

de_er_ _aterw_eel t_d_ so_ar _anels

38

darsenglizy.com
 6 Read and write T (True) or F (False). (Story)
1. The wash isn’t finished.
2. Amir took the laundry up to the roof.
3. Amir couldn’t see the Nile from the roof.
4. Amir lives in a village.

7 Look and write a paragraph of FOUR (4) sentences on:

(High Dam)
Guiding words: Aswan - generate – stop – flooding
………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………..……………………

8 Read the following text and answer the questions:

In 2019, Egypt started a project to plant one million trees
in public parks and gardens all over the country. It’s important
to plant trees. Carbon dioxide emissions can cause air
pollution and climate change. Forests can absorb carbon
dioxide. That means they take it out of the atmosphere and
make the air cleaner. Forests absorb 2.6 billion tonnes of
carbon dioxide every year. So trees are really important in
protecting our planet.

1. It’s important to (throw – cut – plant - burn) trees.

2. Forests can absorb (carbon dioxide – birds – trees – animals).
3. Forests make the air (dirtier – cleaner – heavier - darker).
4. Forests absorb 2.6 (thousand – billion – million – hundred)
tonnes of carbon dioxide every year.

39

darsenglizy.com