Unit-4: Web Application and Security

Chapter-15
Working with Accessibility Options
Answer the following questions:
1. What are the most common disabilities for which Windows provides solutions?
Ans:- The most common disabilities for which Windows provides solutions are :
a. Visual Impairment
b. Hearing Impairment
c. Physical/Motor Impairment
d. Learning Disabilities

2. Write a short note on Magnifier.

Ans:- A Magnifier tool is helpful for the people with impaired vision as it enlarges the different parts of the
screen in such a way, that people with visual impairment can easily see the objects on the screen.

3. Differentiate between the Toggle key and Sticky key.

Ans:- The difference between sticky keys and toggle keys is following: Sticky keys are keys such as alt, ctrl, shift
which are pressed once and the function is activated or deactivated only until they are pressed . Toggle keys
are for people who are visually challenged and they can feel them to work.
4. What is the use of Narrator option?
Ans:- Narrator tool used to readthe text on the screen aloud, also describes some system events, such as error
messages, notification etc. while using the computer. To open Narrator follow below steps:
Start-> Control Panel-> Ease to Access -> Narrator

5. Write short note on:

a. Filter keys b. setting up high contrast
Ans:- a. The Filter Keys feature can be enabled and disabled through the Accessibility Options or Ease of Access
Center in the Windows Control Panel.
b. The high contrast setting is an accessibility feature built into Windows that assists people with vision
impairment.
 Chapter-16
Networking Fundamentals

1. What is Wireless Fidelity?

Ans:- Wi-Fi is a popular technology through which computers and mobile devices exchanges data wirelessly
over the network. Wireless internet connects a home or business organization to the internet using radio link
between customer’s location and the service provider’s facility.
2. What is the difference between Repeater and Router?
Ans:- The repeater and router make a huge difference. Your router can act as a repeater, but your repeater can
not operate as a router. The router is being used to connect to the internet, whereas the repeater is used to
replicate the router’s received signals and the repeater amplifies.
3. Explain data transfer in packet switching.
Ans:-When we send a message or an email to another computer connected on internet, the data in the
message or e-mail is first broken down into small data packets. Once the packets are ready, he address of the
sending and receiving computer is enclosed When the data packets are received by a computer the data
packets are again reassembled in a way that they take the form of the original message.
4. Name the different types of internet connections. Explain any two.
Ans:- (1) Dial up connection:- This type of connection utilises the telephone lines but is not preferred these
days as it is very slow. It allows the user to do one work at a time. One can use the phone to call or connect to
the internet.
(2) 3G,4G or 5G systems:- To use the internet on mobile devices, 3G,4G standard are used . These standard
allows higher data transfer speed and capacity. 5G is the latest generation of cell phones in terms of network
coverage and speed.
 Chapter-17
Introduction to Instant Messaging
1. What is instant messaging?
Ans:- Instant Messaging refers to real-time communication with the user at other end through an application
called instant Messenger.

2. What are the key features of instant messaging?

Ans:- Following are the key features of instant messaging :
• It is faster than any other mode of communication.
• User can connect to IM regardless of their location.
• User can communicate with each other as per their suitable time.
• A user can make group of people to chat with them in one go.
• Users can send messages and transfer files, such as image, audio and video clips, and textual
documents.

3. What is Google Hangouts?

Ans:- Google Hangout is an application which can be installed in mobile or computers. The service is provided
by Google for instant messaging. We need to create a gmail account to use this.

4. List any four instant messaging applications.

Ans:- List any four instant messaging applications:
a. Google Hangout
b. Skype
c. WhatsApp
d. Facebook Messenger
 Chapter-18
Chatting Using Google Hangouts

1. How is Google Hangouts useful?

Ans:- Google Hangout is useful for instant messaging it can be used in mobile and computers both. It required
gmail account which is very easy to create and use.

2. How can you chat via Google Hangouts?

Ans:- For android mobile phone install Google Hangout application from Google Play store then login with
gmail account if exist otherwise create gmail account.
After login with gmail id and password the interface of google hangout will open and we will go to contact
option and start chatting.

3. List any five etiquette that a user should follow while chatting.
Ans:- (a) Always introduce yourself by name, if your screen name does not reflect it.
(b) Always ask if the other person has time to chat first.
(c) Always start chat with strong greeting.
(d) Ensure your message is short and precise and to the point.
(e) If you are chatting with a person and he/she is waiting for your response, then do not keep him/her waiting
for a long time.
4. What is WhatsApp used for?
Ans:- WhatsApp is used for sending text and voice messages and making video and audio calls. It is a free
application that can be easily installed on the mobile phones. We can also launch whatsapp web on browser.
 Chapter-19
Creating and Publishing Blogs
1. Mention three important points that you must keep in mind while writing a blog.
Ans:- Three important points that you must keep in mind while writing a blog:
a. Understand your target audience.
b. Select an engaging topic and give an interesting title to it.
c. Make sure that the blog is well structured.
d. A blog should written in a lucid language.
e. Organise your contents- header, body of the text, and footer in a well formatted structure.

2. What should you keep in mind while choosing a blog name.

Ans:-
 Easy to read, say and remember
 Choose a domain name that reflects your brand and what you do
 Be careful how words run together
 Shorter is always better
 Use keywords
 Avoid numbers and hyphens
 Think long term and don’t limit yourself
 Target your area
 Use an appropriate domain name extension

3. How can you add media files in your blog post?
Ans:- In word press we can store up to 3GB of media. To upload click on the Add button , a drop down list
appears . Add audio, video, image and many other type of files to your blog.
 Chapter -20
Using Offline Blog Editors
1. What is an offline blog editor?
Ans:- Offline blog editors are the application software that help you to easily write, edit, spell check and
manage the content of your blog without being connected to the internet.
2. List any four advantages of an offline blog editor.
Ans:- Offline blog editors has many advantages which are as follows:
a) Offline blog editors are faster than the online blog editors.
b) While using an offline editor you always have a backup copy of your post on the hard drive.
c) With a blogging app all advance editing and formatting features are available just like you wordpress
editor.
d) These editors provide facility to add tags and category directly.
e) These editors help to publish multiple blogs quickly as it is easier to switch from one blog to another.

3. Write a short note on Qumana.

Ans:- Qumana is one of the best desktop based blog editors. It can be downloaded for free on your Windows,
Linux or Mac-based computer. It has the ability to work with most common blogging applications, like
Wordpress, Blogger etc.
4. How can you create and publish a post?
Ans:- In Qumana to create a new post the steps are given below:
 Click on the New Post button.
 Enter the title of the post in Title field.
 Enter the content of the post in the content area.
 Click to publish post button.
 Chapter-21
Online transactions
1. What is e-shopping? What are its benefits?
Ans:- The process of buying and selling products over the internet is called online Shopping or E-shopping.
Benefits of e-shopping:-
a) Convenience:- E-shopping offers the convenience of shopping from home.
b) Information and reviews:- An online store provides review on the products, which helps the customer
to get additional information.
c) Price and selection:- It gives competitive price and better deals to the customers.
d) No compulsive shopping:- The users buys the product at their will and as per their choice anytime and
anywhere.

2. What do you understand by the term e-reservation?

Ans:- E-reservation means making a reservation or appointment for a service via the internet. Using e-
reservation, we can check the availability of seats in bus, train or aircraft anytime and also reserve rooms,
meeting halls or tables in restaurants. By making online payments through credit, debit cards or net banking.

3. Explain briefly about the benefits and application areas of e-reservation.

Ans:- Benefits:-
 Accessible anywhere
 Discount and Offers
 Commission free
 Quick system
 Changes and cancellation
 Customer Reviews
 Safe and Reliable
Application areas:-
 Hotel reservation
 Movie Ticket reservation
 Sports/matches reservation
 Travel Ticket reservation
 Event reservation

4. Why should you keep a secure password while doing transactions online? List some security measures to be
taken.
Ans:- The following points list some of the measures that we can take to protect our password:
a. Use strong password:- Combination alphabets number and special character with upper and lower case.
b. Do not use easy to use passwords.
c. If you decide to use a simple password, add a number or special character to the password either at the
beginning or at the end.
d. Never write your password anywhere so that nobody can misuse it.
e. Do not store password in browser.
 Chapter-22
Internet Security

1. What is the purpose of Internet Security?

Ans:- With the rapid growth of the internet and its applications in diverse fields, security risks have also
increased . People tend to put their personal information, like name and address, password for the email
accounts, banking or even credit card details over the internet. This information can easily intercepted y some
people with bad intention s. They may misuse this information for their own benefit. Virus like Ransomware
virus attacks have made people realize how vulnerable their information is and has increased the need of
internet security.

2. What is phishing?
Ans:-It is an act of sending an e-mail to a user ; misleading him to believe that it is from a trusted person or
orgnisation. The user is asked to visit a website in which he is supposed to update or validate his personal
details, such as username, password, credit card details etc. In this way the operators of the fake website steal
the person’s identity and commit crime in his name.

3. What is the difference between email spoofing and chat spoofing?

Ans:- E-mail spoofing :- This process involves sending emails to the targeted recipients to make them believe
that these emails originate from trusted resources. The purpose of spoofing is to gain access to the recipient’s
personal information. It can be username, passwords, banking details etc.
Chat spoofing:- Chat spoofing is similar to email spoofing. The difference between the two is chat spoofing the
spoofing happens when the target is engaged in a chat process. The target perceives that he or she is chatting
with someone known, but in fact it is a cyber attack. The purpose of chat spoofing also is to gain access to
some important personal information.

4. List a few security practices to be followed while using the internet.

Ans:- Best practices for internet security:
 Keep password safe
 Secure transactions
 Install Antivirus soft wares
 Use a firewall
 Do not open attachment from unknown sources
 Scan all portable storage devices before use.
 Restrict the number of users on the computer
 Update all software regularly
 Do not use pirated softwares
 Chapter -23
Importance of Workplace Safety
1. Write briefly about any three fire safety rules?
Ans:- The following are the fire safety rules:
Carry out a fire safety risk assessment: Employer should carry out a risk assessment at the workplace, which
can include fire prevention, fire detection and warning and emergency escape and firefighting.
Maintain Electrical safety:- A faulty wiring and malfunctioning of electrical equipment can lead to voltage
fluctuations or short circuit that can further be a reason or cause of fire at workplace.
Store Chemicals Safely:- Flammable chemicals are found in most of the workplace for different purpose.

2. List some of the common causes of slips and trips at workplaces.

Ans:- Common causes of slips or trips are:
 Poor lighting
 Trailing cable
 Unsuitable floor covering
 Uneven or damaged floor surface
 Contaminated floor surfaces due to liquid or grease
 Poor housekeeping
 Occasional spills
 Weather hazards
 Obstructed view
 Uncovered cables

3. Mention some important measures that can be taken to prevent slips and falls at workplaces.
Ans:- Following are some of the ways by which one can prevent slips and falls at workplace:
 Keep walking surfaces clean and free of clutter
 Proper Lightening
 Signage
 Stairways/Handrails
 Footwear
 Step stools
 Manage cords
 Check floor condition
 Clean up spills immediately
 Carry out regular risk assessment

4. Which measures should be included in the electric safety programs of organisations?

Ans:- An electric safety program should be established by all organisations and followed properly.
 Electric installations should be done and maintained by a competent person and checked regularly.
 Correct cable connectors or couplers should be used to join cables together.
 Socket outlets should not be overloaded by the use of adaptors.
 Electrically powered equipment should be used.
 A fuse protects the device from over current. Etc.

5. What is the primary goal of first aid? What should the training of a first-aid program include?
Ans:- Goals of first aid are:
 Keep he victim alive.
  Prevent the victim’s condition from worsening.
 Keep the victim awake until help arrives.
First aid training includes:
 Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR skills)
 Burns
 Poisoning
 Shock
 Respiratory emergencies
 Wounds causing heavy bleeding
 Broken bones
 No pulse
 Choking
 Heart Attack
 Eye injuries
 Heart strokes
 Chapter-24
Preventing Accidents and Emergencies
1. What are the accidents and emergencies?
Ans:- An accident at a workplace is an event that is an unplanned, unintended and unexpected. It can happen
due to various factors that a person faces at the workplace. Such accidents can cause minor to severe physical
injury or even result in death.
A workplace emergency is an unforeseen situation that threatens the employees, customers or public. It
disrupts the company’s operation and even sometimes causes physical or environmental damage. The hazards
leading to accidents and emergencies may be natural or manmade.

2. Name any four types of accidents that can occur at the workplace? Explain them in brief.
Ans:- Types of accidents at the workplace:
Slips, Trips and Falls:- Slips and trips can result in falls.
Fire and explosion: - Accidents also happen because of fire or other explosive substances. In such cases,
problems may not only occur from direct contact with fires, but also because of asphyxiation, which is caused
due to the smoke generated from the fires.
Violence:- A person could be subject to violence at the workplace. Tensions can result in physical
confrontations and cause injuries to the people involved.
Electric accident:- Incident of electric shocks or burns fall under this category.

3. What are the types of disaster leading to accidents and emergencies? Give some examples.
Ans:- Some of the hazards occur because of natural incidents. These include the following factors:
 Meteorological:- Heavy rains and floods, tornadoes, tsunami, drought etc.
 Geological:- Landslides and earthquakes, volcanic eruption etc.
 Biological:- Gas leaks, fires etc.
Some manmade disasters include the following:-
 Toxic gas releases
 Chemical spills
 Radiological accidents
 Explosions
 Civil disturbances
 Workplace violence

4. Mention some preventive measures that can be taken to prevent accidents at the workplace.
Ans:- Prevention of accidents:-
1. Employer must provide workers with protective equipment.
2. Reminding employees to vigilant.
3. Removing clutter and putting it out of the way so that people would not step on it and fall accidently.
4. Good training, clear signage and access to the necessary safety equipment can all be a big help.
5. Regular risk assessments are also important

5. What are some points to take care of while handling an accident at the workplace?
Ans:- Some points to take care of while handling an accident at the workplace are:
 Care for the affected employees
 Secure the scene and Evacuation
 Proper reporting of the accident
 Establish a return to work program
 Make a commitment to safety
 Chapter-25
Protecting Health and Safety at Work
1. What are workplace hazards? Why is it important to identify and monitor hazards at the workplace?
Ans:- A hazard is any agent that can cause harm or damage to human life, property or the environment. A
workplace hazard refers to a situation within the workplace that has the potential to cause injury or adverse
health effects for people and damage to the plant or equipment.
It is important that all potential emergency situations, like accidents, injuries and health issues should be
anticipated and identified so as to be prepared with a proper response plan, when and if such incidences
occur.

2. Give any three examples of workplace hazards.

Ans:- Three examples of workplace hazards:-
 Equipment used at the workplace
 Work practices and layout of the workplace
 Use of malfunctioning electric equipment
 Exposure to chemicals that are hazardous to health
 Exposure to Infectious Biological agents

3. When does it become necessary to evacuate a workplace?

Ans:- When there are emergencies like fires, hazardous chemical spills, radiation leakages, terrorism threats or
some health crisis, the workplace may need to be evacuated. For example:- When a building catches fire,
everyone in it must leave it and move out to a pre-decided are.

4. Mention any three tips for healthy living of working people.

Ans:- Tips for healthy living or working people:-
 Eating healthy
 Having Adequate amount of water
 Limits Drinks with caffeine
 Maintaining a Good posture and avoiding eyestrain
 Taking breaks from work at regular intervals

5. What are the benefits of a workplace helping its employees to make wise food choices and active living?
Ans:- When a workplace can help employees to make wise food choices, as part of a workplace health
program, it can influence the person's long-term health and wellness. Together – healthy eating and active
living – combined with a positive outlook can lead to: Reduced risk of heart disease and some forms of cancer.