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  • Construction Materials: Monsoon Semester 2021

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    Jay Patel
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    This document reports on a tensile and elongation test of three materials: aluminum rod, TMT rod, and steel rod. The test used a universal testing machine to apply load to specimens of each material and record the maximum force, yield load, displacement, stress, and other values. The results showed that the steel rod had the highest tensile strength, yield stress, and elongation, indicating it is the strongest and most ductile of the three materials tested. The test was able to determine properties like Young's modulus and ultimate tensile strength.

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    This document reports on a tensile and elongation test of three materials: aluminum rod, TMT rod, and steel rod. The test used a universal testing machine to apply load to specimens of each material and record the maximum force, yield load, displacement, stress, and other values. The results showed that the steel rod had the highest tensile strength, yield stress, and elongation, indicating it is the strongest and most ductile of the three materials tested. The test was able to determine properties like Young's modulus and ultimate tensile strength.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    20 views5 pages

    Construction Materials: Monsoon Semester 2021

    Uploaded by

    Jay Patel
    This document reports on a tensile and elongation test of three materials: aluminum rod, TMT rod, and steel rod. The test used a universal testing machine to apply load to specimens of each material and record the maximum force, yield load, displacement, stress, and other values. The results showed that the steel rod had the highest tensile strength, yield stress, and elongation, indicating it is the strongest and most ductile of the three materials tested. The test was able to determine properties like Young's modulus and ultimate tensile strength.

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    Construction Materials CT: 2614 1

    CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS
    MONSOON SEMESTER 2021

    FACUTY: Bhargav Tewar


    TEACHING ASSISTANT: Aanchal Arora
    Aditi Bhatt (UG190043)

    Material Testing Report: Steel

    Test 1: Tensile and Elongation Test

    Aditi Bhatt (Group 1) UG190043


    Construction Materials CT: 2614 2

    Practical No: 1 Date:

    Tensile and Elongation Test

    Aim: To determine the properties like Young's modulus, ultimate strength, and the
    percentage elongation.

    1.1 Reference:
    - IS 1608: 2005 Metallic materials - tensile testing at ambient temperature.
    - IS 432-1 (1982): Specification for mild steel and medium tensile steel bars and

    hard-drawn steel wire for concrete reinforcement


    1.1 Apparatus and Materials:
    - Universal Testing Machine (UTM)
    - Extensometer
    - Scale Vernier Callipers
    - Punching tools
    - Measuring Scale
    1.3 Procedure:
    - Preparation of Specimen: Initially, the steel rod specimen is cleaned and gauge
    length is marked on it. The gauge length is calculated by the formula image. The
    gauge length can be marked on the specimen by punching tool.

    - Range Calculation: A tensile stress value is assumed for which the maximum
    expected load capacity of the rod is calculated. From this, the range is
    calculated and this range is set in the UTM. Assuming working stress = 140N/mm²
    Factor of safety = 3.i.e Ultimate stress = 140x3 = 420N/mm². Ultimate load = 420 x
    area of c\s. From the ultimate load, range to be used can be fixed.

    - Placing the Specimen: The handle is operated such that the specimen firmly fits to
    the top base. The left valve is kept in a fully closed position and the right valve in
    a normal open position. Open the right valve and close it after the lower table is
    slightly lifted. Adjust the load pointer to zero with the zero adjusting knobs. By
    operating the handle, lift the lower crosshead chuck up and grip firmly the lower
    part of the specimen. Once the specimen is placed, the jaws are locked.

    - Placing Extensometer: Fix the extensometer on the specimen and set the reading
    to zero.

    Aditi Bhatt (Group 1) UG190043


    Construction Materials CT: 2614 3

    - Load Application: Turn the right control valve slowly to open position to get the
    desired loading rate. When the specimen is under load, slowly unclamp the
    locking handle. Note the extension at a convenient load increment. Extensometer
    must be removed before reaching the yield point. The right valve is used to apply
    the load and the left valve is used to release the load on the specimen.

    - Important Load Points: With the increase in load at some point, the load pointer
    remains stationary. Load corresponding to this indicates the yield point. With
    further increase in load, the pointer goes backward and specimen breaks. The
    load before this breaking is the ultimate load. The load at the breaking of the
    specimen is called as the breaking load.

    - Close the right control valve and take out the broken piece. Open the left control
    valve to pump the oil back. Maximum capacity of the specimen can be seen
    against the red pointer. Measure the diameter of the specimen at the neck.
    Change in length is obtained from reading recorded from extensometer.

    - Therefore, Strain = Change in length/Original Length Stress at different values of


    strains is also determined as, Stress = Load /Area; With different values of stress and
    corresponding strains, the graph is plotted.

    1.4 Observation Table:


    - Aluminum Rod

    Sample Type Aluminum Final Gauge 93.36 mm


    rod Length
    Diameter 16.01 mm Gauge Length 80.32 mm
    Final Dia 12.43 mm

    RESULTS
    Maximum Force 73.920 KN Yield Load 33.690
    (Fm) kN
    Disp. at Fm 40.800 Yield Stress 0.167 kN/mm ²
    mm

    Aditi Bhatt (Group 1) UG190043


    Construction Materials CT: 2614 4

    Max. Disp. 51.000 mm YS/UTS Ratio 0.456


    c/s Area (So) 201.394 mm ²
    Tensile Strength 0.367 kN/mm ²
    (Rm)
    Elongation 16.24%
    Reduction in Area 39.72%
    (Z)

    - TMT Rod

    Sample Type TMT


    Length 1,003.0 mm Gauge 80.094 mm
    Length
    Weight 1.541 kg

    RESULTS

    Maximum Force (Fm) 128.130 kN Yield Stress 0.280 kN/mm ²


    Disp. at Fm 52.300 mm YS/UTS Ratio 0.45
    Max. Disp. 62.900 mm
    c/s Area (So) 206.227 mm ²

    Tensile Strength (Rm) 0.621 kN/mm ²


    Elongation 78.53%
    Yield Load 57.660 kN

    Aditi Bhatt (Group 1) UG190043


    Construction Materials CT: 2614 5

    - Steel Rod

    Sample Type Stainless Steel Final Gauge 427.66 mm


    Length
    Diameter 15.9 mm Gauge Length 404 mm
    Final Dia 8.56 mm

    RESULTS
    Maximum Force 145.710 kN Yield Load 67.200 kN
    (Fm)
    Disp. at Fm 80.600 mm Yield Stress 0.338 kN/mm ²
    Max. Disp. 112.500 mm YS/UTS Ratio 0.461
    c/s Area (So) 198.636 mm ²
    Tensile Strength (Rm) 0.734 kN/mm ²
    Elongation 5.86%
    Reduction in Area 71.02%
    (Z)

    1.4 Significance: Tensile tests are used to determine how materials will behave under
    tension load. In a simple tensile test, a sample is typically pulled to its breaking
    point to determine the ultimate tensile strength of the material.
    1.5 Conclusion: We were able to successfully conduct tensile test on aluminium
    rod, TMT rod andsteel rod using the universal testing machine, from the data
    obtained we were ableto successfully obtain the young’s modulus, ultimate tensile
    strength and yield stressvalues of the three rods. By comparing the values of all
    metals, we can see that steelrod has higher values in all of the three properties
    which mean it is stronger andmore ductile than aluminium and TMT rod.

    Aditi Bhatt (Group 1) UG190043

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