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Assessment

Chapter Test A
Sound
MULTIPLE CHOICE
In the space provided, write the letter of the term or phrase that best completes
each statement or best answers each question.

______ 1. Sound waves

a. are a part of the electromagnetic spectrum.
b. do not require a medium for transmission.
c. are longitudinal waves.
d. are transverse waves.

______ 2. The trough of the sine curve used to represent a sound wave
corresponds to a
a. compression.
b. region of high pressure.
c. point where molecules are pushed closer together.
d. rarefaction.

______ 3. Which of the following is the region of a sound wave in which the
density and pressure are greater than normal?
a. rarefaction c. amplitude
b. compression d. wavelength

______ 4. The highness or lowness of a sound is perceived as

a. compression. c. ultrasound.
b. wavelength. d. pitch.

______ 5. Pitch depends on the of a sound wave.

a. frequency c. power
b. amplitude d. speed

______ 6. In general, sound travels faster through

a. solids than through gases.
b. gases than through solids.
c. gases than through liquids.
d. empty space than through matter.

______ 7. At a large distance from a sound source, spherical wave fronts are
viewed as
a. wavelengths. c. rays.
b. troughs. d. plane waves.

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Holt Physics 89 Chapter Test
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Chapter Test A continued

______ 8. The distance between wave fronts of plane waves corresponds to

of a sound wave.
a. one wavelength c. one compression
b. two amplitudes d. one rarefaction

______ 9. A train moves down the track toward an observer. The sound from the
train, as heard by the observer, is the sound heard by
a passenger on the train.
a. the same as c. higher in pitch than
b. a different timbre than d. lower in pitch than

______10. The Doppler effect occurs with

a. only sound waves. c. only water waves.
b. only transverse waves. d. all waves.

______11. The property of sound called intensity is proportional to the rate at

which energy flows through
a. an area perpendicular to the direction of propagation.
b. an area parallel to the direction of propagation.
c. a cylindrical tube.
d. a sound wave of a certain frequency.

______12. The perceived loudness of a sound is measured in

a. hertz. c. watts.
b. decibels. d. watts per square meter.

______13. Which of the following decibel levels is nearest to the value that you
would expect for a running vacuum cleaner?
a. 10 dB c. 70 dB
b. 30 dB d. 120 dB

______14. A sound twice the intensity of the faintest audible sound is not per-
ceived as twice as loud because the sensation of loudness in human
hearing
a. is approximately logarithmic.
b. is approximately exponential.
c. depends on the speed of sound.
d. is proportional to frequency.

______15. When the frequency of a force applied to a system matches the natural
frequency of vibration of the system, occurs.
a. damped vibration c. timbre
b. random vibration d. resonance

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Chapter Test A continued

______16. When an air column vibrates in a pipe that is open at both ends,
a. all harmonics are present.
b. no harmonics are present.
c. only odd harmonics are present.
d. only even harmonics are present.

______ 17. When an air column vibrates in a pipe that is closed at one end,
a. all harmonics are present.
b. no harmonics are present.
c. only odd harmonics are present.
d. only even harmonics are present.

______18. The wavelength of the fundamental frequency of a vibrating string of

length L is
a. 1/2 L. c. 2L.
b. L. d. 4L.

______19. The quality of a musical tone of a certain pitch results from a

combination of
a. fundamental frequencies. c. transverse waves.
b. harmonics. d. velocities.

______20. Audible beats are formed by the interference of two waves

a. of slightly different frequencies.
b. of greatly different frequencies.
c. with equal frequencies, but traveling in opposite directions.
d. from the same vibrating source.

SHORT ANSWER

21. The region of a sound wave in which air molecules are pushed closer together
is called a(n) .

22. The of a musical sound determines its pitch.

23. What are the units used to express the intensity of a sound?

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Holt Physics 91 Chapter Test
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Chapter Test A continued

24. Under what conditions does sound resonance occur?

PROBLEM

25. A wave on a guitar string has a velocity of 684 m/s. The guitar string is
62.5 cm long. What is the fundamental frequency of the vibrating string?

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Holt Physics 92 Chapter Test
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TEACHER RESOURCE
Solution Sound
A single loop (antinode) is produced by
a wavelength equal to 2L. Two loops CHAPTER TEST B (ADVANCED)
(one complete wavelength) are pro- 1. c 8. c
duced by a wavelength of L. A wave- 2. b 9. c
length of 2/3 L results in 3 antinodes. 3. c 10. c
The following pattern emerges: 4. c 11. d
1 loop l  2L/1  2L 5. a 12. d
2 loops l  2L/2  L 6. c 13. b
3 loops l  2L/3  2/3 L 7. d
4 loops l  2L/4  1/2 L 14. longitudinal
5 loops l  2L/5  2/5 L 15. rarefaction
16. The pitch rises.
2/5  2.0 m  0.80 m
17. As a sphere increases in radius, sec-
tions of its surface approach a plane
Sound surface. A plane wave is a section of a
spherical wave that has such a large
CHAPTER TEST A (GENERAL)
radius that sections of it appear pla-
1. c 11. a
nar. This condition appears when the
2. d 12. b
observer of the wave is at a large dis-
3. b 13. c
tance from the source.
4. d 14. a
18. The apparent pitch of the sound drops
5. a 15. d
as the ambulance passes.
6. a 16. a
19. The distance from the source doubles,
7. d 17. c
so the intensity decreases to one-
8. a 18. c
fourth of its value at the 10 m dis-
9. b 19. b
tance. The intensity is inversely
10. d 20. a
proportional to the square of the
21. compression
distance from the source, or intensity
22. frequency
1/r2.
23. watts per square meter, or W/m2
20. One of the musical sounds from the
24. Resonance occurs when the frequency
CD matches the natural frequency of
of a force applied to an object is the
the string in the piano. As a result, the
same as the natural frequency of an
energy of the sound wave causes the
object.
string to vibrate in resonance with the
25. 547 Hz
note from the CD.
Given
21. If the musical note is at the fundamen-
v  684 m/s
tal frequency of the glass, the glass
L  62.5 cm
will absorb energy from the sound
Solution waves and vibrate in resonance with
v the note. If the sound is loud enough,
fn  n
2L the vibration will overcome the
At the fundamental frequency (first strength of the glass and the goblet
harmonic), n  1, so will shatter.
v 684 m/s 22. 9.3  103 W/m2
f1      547 Hz Given
2L 2(0.625 m)
P  0.30 W
r  1.6 m

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Holt Physics 199 Chapter Test