Magnetic Particle Testing (MT)
Magnetic Particle Testing (MT)
Magnetic Particle Testing (MT)
Magnetic particle examination (MT) is a very popular, low-cost method to perform non-
destructive testing (NDT) of ferromagnetic material. Ferromagnetic is defined in ASME
Section V as “a term applied to materials that can be magnetized or strongly attracted by a
magnetic field.” MT is an NDT method that checks for surface discontinuities but can also
reveal discontinuities slightly below the surface.
Two of the most-used methods are the stationary horizontal system, using longitudinal and
circular magnetization techniques, and the very portable yoke technique.
Stationary systems are generally used for smaller parts such as crank shafts and valve
stems. They are often found indoors around machine shops and heat-treating facilities.
Typically, they have a headstock and tailstock. Parts can be clamped between stocks
for magnetization. There is also a coil placed around the part to magnetize it in the
perpendicular direction. Stationary horizontal systems use the wet particle technique
with a circulation tank below the equipment.
The MT yoke technique is the most portable and lowest-cost method, and therefore
the most popular method. Most yokes can operate in alternating current (AC) or
direct current (DC) modes. DC gives the most penetration and is recommended if
subsurface discontinuities need to be detected. AC is recommended if the surface is
rough, because AC gives the particles more mobility than DC. A yoke has an electric
coil in the unit creating a longitudinal magnetic field that transfers through the legs to
the examined part.
Specific parameter
Induce a magnetic field in the specimen. Apply magnetic particles to the specimen’s surface.
Parameter
1. Magnetic particles
2. Volumetric concentration of magnetic particles, %
3. Saturation magnetisation
Limitation
Some typical examples of ASME Code-required inspections include, but are not limited to:
Castings for surface defects
Plates for laminations in corner joints when the edge of one plate is exposed and not
fused into the weld joint
Head spin hole plug welds
Weld metal build-up on plates
Areas where defects have been removed before weld repair