9

SCIENCE
Quarter 4:
Week 1

Department of Education - MIMAROPA Region

1
 9
SCIENCE
Quarter IV – Week 1
Projectile Motion: The Horizontal
and Vertical Motions of a Projectile

CONTEXTUALIZED LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEETS

SCHOOLS DIVISION OF PUERTO PRINCESA CITY
Science – Grade 9
Contextualized Learning Activity Sheets (CLAS)
Quarter IV - Week 1: Projectile Motion: The Horizontal and Vertical Motions of
a Projectile
First Edition, 2020

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 Lesson 1

Projectile Motion: The Horizontal and Vertical

Motions of a Projectile
MELC: Describe the horizontal and vertical motions of a projectile. (S9FE-Iva-34)
Objectives:
1. Identify objects moving in horizontal or in vertical dimension.
2. Describe the motion of an object given the displacement /height and time.
3. Realize that projectiles are moving in two dimensions.

Let’s Try
Directions: Encircle the letter of the correct answer.
1. Which of the following describes a uniformly accelerated motion in horizontal
dimension?
A. A feather falling from a tree
B. A sky diver falling from an aircraft
C. A car moving from 2km/hr. to 5km/hr.
D. An airplane running on a runway before takeoff.
2. What happens to the distance of a moving object as time increases and acceleration
remains constant?
A. Decreases C. Remains the same
B. Increases D. Cannot be determined
3. What force acts on a coin falling from a 5-storey building?
A. Friction B. Gravity C. Inward force D. Outward force
4. In which dimension did the ball accelerate constantly if it was thrown off from a cliff?
A. Both dimensions C. Horizontal dimension
B. It does not accelerate at all D. Vertical Dimension
5. If a mango fruit falls from a tree, what is the mango fruit’s acceleration due to gravity?
A. 0 m/s2 B. 9.8 m/s2 C. 98 m/s2 D. 8.9 m/s2
6. Which of the following motion will result in a trajectory?
A. A leaf falling from a branch. C. A basketball thrown into the ring.
B. A bike moving in a straight path. D. A stone falling from a 10-meter high cliff.
7. What path will a ball follow if it is kicked from a height of two meters?
A. Circular B. Hyperbolic C. Linear D. Parabolic
8. A ball is falling from a building from a height of 20 m above the ground. What is its
acceleration before it touches the ground?
A. 20 m/s2 B. -20 m/s2 C. 9.8 m/s2 D. -9.8 m/s2
9. What is the velocity of a ball rolling horizontally along a plane as it comes to a stop?
A. 9.8 m/s2 B. -9.8 m/s2 C. 1 m/s2 D. 0 m/s2
10. Which of the following statements tells you that an object is moving in a horizontal path?
A. A ball falling from the table. C. A bicycle moving on the street.
B. A book on top of the table. D. A mango fruit falling from a tree.

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 Let’s Explore and Discover
Good day learners! I want to congratulate you for doing a great job because we are
now in the fourth quarter of this school year. When you were in grade 8, you have learned
that force can cause an object to move, speed up (accelerate), slow down (decelerate), stop
or even change its direction. We know that an object moved when it has changed its position
in a given period of time.

A change in an object’s motion is called

acceleration. It occurs whenever the
object is acted upon by an unbalanced
force. The greater the net force acting on
an object, the greater its acceleration given
that mass is constant. Similarly, when the
mass is less, the lesser its acceleration will
be for a given amount of force. Newton’s
second law of motion summarizes these
relationship into” the acceleration of an
object is equal to the net force acting on it
divided by its mass.” This can be presented
by the equation:

Net Force
Acceleration = or Fnet = ma Figure 1.
mass
(Source: Connecting Newton”s First Law to Second.CK-12. last modified
2021.https://flexbooks.ck12.org/cbook/ck-12-physics-flexbook-2.0/section/3.3)

To describe the motion of an object, let us refer to the Cartesian Plane below:

• The horizontal line towards the

right of the origin (denoted by O) is
the positive x-axis.

• The horizontal line towards the left

of the origin is the negative x-axis.

• The vertical line above the origin

is the positive y-axis.

• The vertical line below the origin is

the negative y-axis. Figure 2: Cartesian plane is a two-
dimensional plane

(Source: Coordinate Plane Splash Learn. last modified 2020.Accessed last March 14,2021.
https://www.splashlearn.com/math-vocabulary/geometry/coordinate-plane)

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Moving Objects in Horizontal and Vertical Dimensions
Objects Moving Horizontally Objects Moving Vertically

Figure 3: Ball rolling on the ground

Figure 6: Coconut fruit falling from the tree

Figure 4: Bicycle moving on the street Figure 7: A falling ball

Figure 8: A Helium-gas filled balloon moving

Figure 5: A running man
up

What is common among the illustrations presented above? Yes! They all show motion.
Can you tell which direction does figures 3, 4 and 5 are moving?
□ Horizontal □ Vertical
How about figures 6, 7 and 8?
□ Horizontal □ Vertical

For the next activity, refer to the Cartesian plane below:

How are objects moving along x-axis?

forward/backward upward/ downward
Very good! Figure 5 moved to the right of the
point of origin (0,0), thus gaining positive position
while figure 4 moved to the left of the point of origin,
thus having the negative position.
Objects in motion along horizontal dimension
are moving with respect to x-axis.
How do objects move along the y-axis?
forward/backward upward/ downward
Objects in motion along vertical dimension are
moving with respect to y-axis.
What force acts on falling objects?
-Gravity!

“An object's acceleration due to gravity is 9.8m/s2 .”

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 Now let us compare the factors affecting motion in two dimensions. When an object
is in motion, its position changes together with its acceleration, time and velocity.
Horizontal Dimension Vertical Dimension
Formula for Horizontal Motion Formula for Vertical Motion
𝑣𝑓 = 𝑣𝑖 + 𝑎𝑡 𝑣𝑓 = 𝑣𝑖 + 𝑎𝑔 𝑡

𝑎𝑡 2 𝑎𝑔 𝑡 2
𝑑 = 𝑣𝑖 𝑡 + ℎ = 𝑣𝑖 𝑡 +
2 2
𝑣𝑓 + 𝑣𝑖 𝑣𝑓 + 𝑣𝑖
𝑑=( )𝑡 ℎ=( )𝑡
2 2
𝑣𝑓 2 = 𝑣𝑖 2 + 2𝑎𝑑 𝑣𝑓2 = 𝑣𝑖2 + 2𝑎ℎ
where: Unit: where: Unit:
𝑣𝑖 = initial velocity m/s 𝑣𝑖 = initial velocity m/s
𝑣𝑓 = final velocity m/s 𝑣𝑖 = final velocity m/s
t = time s t = time s
d or x = displacement m h or y = height m
(distance travelled) 𝑎𝑔 = acceleration due to gravity m/s2
a = acceleration m/s2 (Note: Acceleration of falling objects is
constant and has a value of 9.8m/s2)
TIPS: Take note of the following in solving motion along horizontal and vertical
dimensions.
1. Symbol above like 𝑣𝑖 𝑣𝑓 , t, d or h and a are called variables. A variable is a
symbol used to represent a quantity which may vary or unknown.
2. For physical quantities, a unit is necessary to communicate its value. It serves as
reference to make sense of the value given.
Ex. 10 m or 10 meters Ball rolls 10 m away from the table.
5 s or 5 seconds Ball reaches the ground after 5s.
Now let’s see how these variables and formulas work.
Sample Problem for Horizontal Sample Problem for Vertical Dimension
Dimension
An airplane from rest accelerates on a Zed is playing with a
runway at 5.50 m/s2 for 20.25 seconds ball on top of a building
until it finally takes off the ground. What is but the ball fell and hit the
the distance covered before takeoff? ground after 2.6 seconds,
(1). what is the final
velocity of the ball just
before it hits the ground
and (2). how high is the
building?
Given: Given:
a = 5.50m/s 2 vi = 0 m/s a = -9.8m/s2(constant acceleration due to gravity)
t = 20.25 s Find: d =? t = 2.6 s vi = 0 m/s
Formula: d = vit + ½ at2 Find: 𝑣𝑓 =?, h=? Formula: ℎ = 𝑣𝑖 𝑡 +
𝑎𝑔 𝑡 2

Solution: 2
9.8 𝑚/𝑠2 (2.6 𝑠)2
d = ½ (5.50 m/s )(20.25 s)
2 2 Formula: v f =v i+at ℎ = 0 + 2
d= ½ (5.50m/s2)(410.06s2) Solution
d = ½ (2,255.33m) vf = (-9.8m/s2)(2.6s) h = 33 m
d= 1,127.67 m vf = -25.48m/s
(Note: the negative sign(-)tells that the direc
tion of moving objects is downward)

(Source: Liza A. Alvarez, et Al., Science 9 – Learner’s Material, Pasig City:

Department of Education, 2014,233-241)

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 3. In solving word problems, it is important to identify the values are already given
in the problem. By simply looking at the units of the quantity given, you could
already tell what variable it represents. Always remember that the word “rest or
at rest” means 0.
Let us compare the distance traveled by This time let us compare the height
the airplane in the given period of time. traveled by the ball before it hits the ground.
Given: t=20.25s d=1,127.67m Given: t=2.6s h= 33.12m
a=5.50m/s2 ag= -9.8m/s2
Point Time Distance(d) Acceleration(a) Point Time Height(h) Acceleration(a)
(t) (t)
A 5s 68.75m 55.56m/s2 A .5s -1.23m -9.8m/s2
B 10s 275m 55.56m/s2 B 1.5s -11.02m -9.8m/s2
C 15s 618.75. 55.56m/s2 C 2.0s -19.6m -9.8m/s2
D 20.25s 1,127.67m 55.56m/s2 D 2.6s -33.12m -9.8m/s2
(Note: the negative sign(-)tells that the object is
moving downward)
What can you say about time as distance increases? Very good! Distance increases, as
time increases.
How about acceleration? You are right! It doesn’t change or it is constant.
Based on the given problems, we can conclude that when time increases, the distance
or height travelled by moving object also increases provided that acceleration remains
constant.

Objects Moving in Two Dimensions

We have described the motion of objects in
horizontal and vertical dimension, now, what can you
say about the motion of the ball on the illustration?
Does the ball move along the x-axis?
Or is it moving along the y-axis?
This is an example of an object moving in two
dimensions. As it moves, the gravitational force pulls
the ball downward, while its horizontal velocity
pushes the ball forward resulting in a movement
following a curve path.
Projectile - any object that once dropped continues in motion by its own inertia
(mass) and is influenced by downward force of gravity. Trajectory - curved path followed
by a projectile object.

Examples of Projectiles

Launched missile Bicycle exhibition in the air

Baseball thrown by the pitcher to a catcher Falling water from a fountain in coliseum
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 Horizontal velocity that Vy max = 0 at this point
𝒗𝒙 = horizontal
velocity pushes the ball forward.

𝒗𝒚𝒐 = initial Initial vertical velocity that

vertical velocity pushes the projectile to move
upward

𝒗𝒚𝒇 = final Final vertical velocity is equal

vertical velocity to the acceleration due to
gravity that pulls the objects
downward.
ball as projectile Any moving object with respect
to two dimensions.

A projectile launched horizontally has

no initial vertical velocity. Thus, its 𝑣𝑦𝑜 = 0
vertical motion is identical to that of a 𝑣𝑥
dropped object. The downward
velocity increases uniformly due to
gravity as shown by the vector arrows vertical fall
of increasing lengths. The horizontal
velocity is uniform as shown by the
𝑣𝑦𝑓
identical horizontal vector arrows. See
figure on the right Projectile launched horizontally
Projectile Moves in Horizontal and Vertical Dimension
All projectiles regardless of their path, will
always follow these principles:
• Projectiles always maintain a constant
horizontal velocity (neglecting air
resistance).
• Projectiles always experience a constant
acceleration along the axis where constant
net force is directed. There is a constant
vertical acceleration of 9.8 m/s2, downward
(neglecting air resistance) for projectiles on
air. For projectiles on inclined surfaces, the
constant “vertical” acceleration will be
smaller than 9.8 m/s2 down the tilt which
is equal to 𝒈𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽.
• The horizontal and vertical motions are
completely independent of each other.
Therefore, the velocity of a projectile can be
separated into the horizontal and vertical The numerical information in the picture
components. above illustrates the two key principles of
• For a projectile (neglecting air resistance) projectile motion - there is a horizontal velocity
that begins and ends at the same height, that is constant and a vertical velocity that
the time it takes to rise to its highest point changes by 9.8 m/s each second. As the projectile
is equal to the time it takes to fall from the rises towards its peak, it slows down (19.6 m/s to
highest point back to its original height of 9.8 m/s to 0 m/s); and as it falls from its peak, it
release. is speeds up (0 m/s to 9.8 m/s to 19.6 m/s to ...).

(Source: Characteristics of a Projectile Trajectory. Physics Classroom. Last modified 2020 Accessed
last March 15, 2021. https://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/vectors/Lesson-
2/Characteristics-of-a-Projectile-s-Trajectory

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 Let’s Practice

Activity 1: Tell Me the Picture Of

Directions: Examine each picture in column A then choose a letter from column B that
best describes the illustration.

Column A Column B
________1.

a. The javelin was thrown by the

player and moved following a
trajectory path.

________2.
b. The car is moving
horizontally.

________3.

c. Rocks debris are falling.

________4.

d. Water is flowing on a curve

path.

________5.
e. The swimmer moves forward
with respect to horizontal
dimension

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 Activity 2: My “x’s” and” y’s!”

Directions: Put x if the object is moving along the horizontal dimension (x-axis), y if it is
moving along the vertical dimension (y-axis) and xy if it moves in both horizontal and
vertical dimensions (trajectory)

1.Example: XY 2. ____________________ 3. ______________________

4. ______________________ 5.___________________ 6. ______________________

7. ______________________ 8.___________________ 9. ______________________

Guide Questions:
1. Which object moves in vertical direction?
Write the number/s.____________________________________.
Why? Because it moves along the _____.
❑X-axis ❑Y-axis ❑Both X and Y-axis

2. Which object moves in horizontal direction?

Write the number/s.____________________________________.
Why? Because it moves along the _____.
❑X-axis ❑Y-axis ❑Both X and Y-axis

3. Which object moves in a trajectory?

Write the number/s.____________________________________.
Why? Because it moves along the _____.
❑X-axis ❑Y-axis ❑Both X and Y-axis

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 Let’s Do More
Activity 1: My Vital Statistics
Directions: Study the data table, then answer the questions that follow.

A round stone rolled for 5 seconds on the A round stone falls from a 122.5 meters
ground and covered a distance of 10 meters building and reached the ground after 5
before it comes to a full stop. seconds.
Illustrate a stone rolling from point A-D Illustrate a stone falling from point A-D

Table A Table B

Point Time Distance(d) Acceleration(a) Point Time height(h) Acceleration(a)

(t) (t)
A 1.5s 0.9m 0.8m/s2 A 1.0s 4.9m -9.8m/s2
B 2.5s 2.5m 0.8m/s2 B 2.5s 30.6m -9.8m/s2
C 4.0s 6.4m 0.8m/s2 C 3.5s 60.0m -9.8m/s2
D 5.0s 10m 0.8m/s2 D 5.0s 122.5m -9.8m/s2

Guide Questions

Directions: Encircle the letter of your choice.

1. Which table shows the data of an object that moves along the horizontal dimension?
A. Table A B. Table B

2. Which table shows the data of an object that moves along the vertical dimension?
A. Table A B. Table B
3. What happens to the acceleration of the moving objects in both table?
A. increases B. decreases C. remains the same

4. What happens to the distance travelled by an object as time increases?

A. increases B. decreases C. remains the same

5. What happens to the height reached by ane object as time increases?

A. increases B. decreases C. remains the same

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 Activity 2: My Points of View

Directions: Complete the illustration by matching the arrows below to its corresponding
points. Write the letter of your answer on the space provided.

1 2 3

4 5 6

Guide Questions:

1. What do the broken arrows represent?

❑Horizontal velocity (vx) ❑Vertical velocity (vy)
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2. What do the solid arrows represent?
❑ Horizontal velocity (vx) ❑Vertical velocity (vy)

3. How do you describe the vertical velocity of point E?

a. constant c. increasing
b. decreasing d. zero

Let’s Sum It Up

Directions: Write the missing letters to complete the word needed for each box.

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 Let’s Assess
Directions: Encircle the letter of the correct answer.

1. Which of the following describes a uniformly accelerated motion in horizontal

dimension?
A. A feather falling from a tree
B. A sky diver falling from an aircraft
C. A car moving from 2km/hr. to 5km/hr.
D. An airplane running on a runway before takeoff.

2. Which of the following statements tell you that an object is moving in a horizontal path?
A. A ball falling from the table.
B. A book on top of the table.
C. A bicycle moving on the street.
D. A mango fruit falling from a tree.

3. Which of the following motion will result in a trajectory?

A. A leaf falling from a branch.
B. A bike moving in a straight path.
C. A basketball thrown to the ring.
D. A stone falling from a 10-meter high cliff.

4. A ball was thrown from a cliff. In what dimension does the ball accelerate constantly?
A. Both dimensions C. Horizontal dimension
B. It does not accelerate at all D. Vertical Dimension

5. What happens to the distance of a moving object as time increases and acceleration
remains constant?
A. Decreases C. Remains the same
B. Increases D. Nothing happens

6. A coin is falling from a 5-storey building. What force acts on the coin?
A. Friction C. Inward force
B. Gravity D. Outward force

7. A ball is rolling horizontally along a plane then it comes to a stop. What its velocity as it
stops from rolling?
A. 9.8 m/s B. -9.8 m/s C. 1 m/s D. 0 m/s

8. If a mango fruit falls from a tree, what is the mango fruit’s acceleration due to gravity?
A. 0 m/s2 B. 9.8 m/s2 C. 98 m/s2 D. 8.9 m/s2

9. What path will a ball follow if it is kicked from a height of two meters?
A. Circular B. Hyperbolic C. Linear D. Parabolic

10. A ball falls from a building with a height of 20m above the ground. What is its
acceleration before it touches the ground?
A. 20 m/s2 B. -20 m/s2 C. 9.8 m/s2 D. -9.8 m/s2

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 Answer Key
Let’s Try Let’s Practice Let’s
1. D Assess
2. B Activity 1 Activity 2 1. D
3. B 1.B 1. xy 6. xy Guide Questions: 2. C
4. D 2. C 2. y 7. x 1. 2,5,8 y-axis 3. C
5. B 3. D 3. x 8. y 2. 3,7,9 x-axis 4. D
4. E 4. xy 9. x 3. 1,4,6 x and y-axis
6. C 5. B
5. A 5. y
7. D 6. B
8. D 7. D
9. D Let’s Do More Sum It Up 8. B
10. C Activity 2 9. D
2. Point E Guide
Projectile 10. D
3. Point H Questions: Two
4. Point I 1. A Horizontal
5. Point B 2. B Vertical
6. Point C or D 3. D
7. Point F or G

References
Book
Alvarez, Liza A., Dave G. Angeles, Hernan L. Apurada, Ma. Pilar P. Carmona, Oliver A.
Lahorra, Judith F. Marcaida, Ma. Regaele A. Olarte, Estrella C. Osorio, Digna C.
Paningbatan, Marivic S. Rosales, and Ma. Teresa B. Delos Santos, Science 9: Learner’s
Materials. Pasig City: Department of Education: Bureau of Learning Resources (DepEd-
BLR), 2017

Websites/Electronic Sources
Characteristics of a Projectile Trajectory
Last modified 2020 Accessed last March 15, 2021.
https://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/vectors/Lesson-2/Characteristics-of-a-
Projectile-s-Trajectory

Connecting Newton”s First Law to Second Law

Last modified 2021.https://flexbooks.ck12.org/cbook/ck-12-physics-flexbook-
2.0/section/3.3

Coordinate Plane
Last modified 2020.Accessed last March 14,2021.
https://www.splashlearn.com/math-vocabulary/geometry/coordinate-plane)

Projectile Motion Notes

Last accessed March 14,2021.2
https://www.saratogaschools.org/webpages/tsanders/notes.cfm?subpage=1381204
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