CHEMICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY
UNIVERSITY OF SAN AGUSTIN
ILOILO CITY

PRODUCT REPORT
On

LOTION

By

Nufable, Joylynn
Sagre, Flozy Lyn
Tamayo, Jennica
Sorolla, Ailleen
Uy, Kaye

BS CHEMICAL ENGINEERING-4

SUBMITTED TO
ENGR. CHAMAIGNE LUZ D. JAMANDRE, ASEAS Eng, FPIChE
Asst Professor

APRIL 18, 2022

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 CHEMICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY
UNIVERSITY OF SAN AGUSTIN
ILOILO CITY

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page No.

I Introduction 3

II Raw Materials 3

III Manufacturing Flowchart 4

IV Manufacturing Equipment 6

V Quality Standard and Analysis 9

VI Different Products in the Market 13

VII PACKAGING 19

References 20

I. INTRODUCTION

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 CHEMICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY
UNIVERSITY OF SAN AGUSTIN
ILOILO CITY

Lotions maintain skin's hydration levels by locking in the moisture, keeping the skin
healthy, soft, and supple. Unlike a cream, the lotions are less greasy and have more
water content. Body lotion application is one of the few affordable methods to treat
oneself. Body care lotion softens rough elbows and heels, as well as other dry parts of
the skin, while bath body lotion locks moisture into the skin to avoid drying. A good
body skin lotion may help scaly, dry skin that feels harsh and looks unappealing, and
hand body lotion is especially good for the hands and feet, but it can be used all over
the body. Body lotion, as millions of consumers would attest, has several advantages
for those who use it on a daily basis.
Body care lotion can be used for a number of functions in ordinary life or in
specific situations. Men and women from all walks of life require hydration and
moisturization at times. As a thoughtful expression of affection, consumers of
romantic lotion apply it with massage. Medical lotions, such as metro gel for rosacea
or acne medicine, are available to address specific skin disorders and concerns.
Preservatives can irritate some people's skin, causing them to break out, turn red, or
react negatively to the ingredient in the product. Generic items can cost as little as a
dollar, while brand-name ones might cost up to $100.
Hand and body lotion may be kept on hand all year for both hands and bodies. If
you have extra-dry hands or skin that does not respond to conventional lotion, you
can purchase the standard variety or seek for intensive care lotion. Some lotions are
scented, while others aren't, so if these scents disturb you, check to see if the brand
you're considering buying has a scent.

II. RAW MATERIALS

The lotion or cream is made of water, oil, emulsifier, and preservatives. Both
lotion and cream are made using the same process and ingredients, the differentiator
is in the percentage of water used in the recipe, which determines its viscosity. If it is
less water which means it’s a thicker product then it is a cream. If it is more water
and it is a thinner product then it is a lotion.
Water based lotion:
There is only one difference between a water based moisturizer and one that is
oil based, and it’s clearly visible on the ingredient list. A water based moisturizer will
have water listed as its first ingredient, where an oil based product will list an oil
product as its main ingredient. Both types may even have similar ingredients beyond
that, including; emollients, which soften the skin, and humectants, which help the
skin draw and trap moisture from the air.

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 CHEMICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY
UNIVERSITY OF SAN AGUSTIN
ILOILO CITY

Other ingredients in a water based moisturizer may include vitamin E, which also
helps the skin retain and lock away moisture, and C, which helps to improve the skin’s
surface with its antioxidant properties. Some water based moisturizers may even
include sunscreen, which will protect your skin from free radicals and help it retain
more collagen.
Oil based lotion:
An oil-based moisturizer is best for those with dry skin that has a damaged
barrier or lacks sebum. Many oils also contain vitamins and fatty acids that impart
anti-aging benefits. For instance, rosehip seed oil contains beta carotene, which has
the ability to increase cell turnover and promote regeneration in the outer layers of
the skin. Which have an ingredients of jojoba oil, linoleic acid, argan oil, and
grapeseed oil. These mentioned ingreadients is good for those who have oily or acne-
prone skin. Oil based moisturizers are great choice for cold climates and winter
months.

Herbal Lotion (it may vary based on the brand and main ingredients used):
(Based on HEMPZ original herbal body moisturizer)
Antioxidant: Calendula Officinalis Flower Extract, Chamomilla Recutita
(Matricaria) Flower Extract, Panax Ginseng Root Extract, Tocopheryl Acetate,
Ascorbic Acid
Cell-communicating ingredient: Retinyl Palmitate
Skin brightening: Ascorbic Acid
Skin-identical ingredient: Glycerin
Soothing: Aloe Barbadensis Leaf Juice Powder, Calendula Officinalis Flower
Extract, Chamomilla Recutita (Matricaria) Flower Extract, Cucumis Sativus
(Cucumber) Fruit Extract

III. MANUFACTURING FLOWCHART

Lotions and creams are emulsions - they are either water in oil (w/o) or oil in
water (o/w). A w/o emulsion means you have small droplets of water dispersed in a
medium of oil. An o/w emulsion means you have small droplets of oil dispersed in
water. So the first 2 key ingredients of a lotion/cream are the oil and the water.
Lotions can be either an oil-in-water or water-in-oil emulsion, consisting of emollients
and lubricants dispersed in an oil phase, and a water phase containing emulsifying and

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 CHEMICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY
UNIVERSITY OF SAN AGUSTIN
ILOILO CITY

thickening agents, perfume, color and preservatives. Active ingredients are dispersed
in either phase depending on the raw materials and the desired properties of the end
product. A typical manufacturing process would be as follows:
 Flake/powder ingredients, sometimes dry blended in advance, are dispersed
into the oil phase. Heating may be required to melt some of the ingredients.
 Active ingredients are dispersed in the appropriate phase.
 The water phase, containing emulsifiers and stabilizers, is prepared separately.
 The two phases are then mixed to form an emulsion. This is aided by heating to
between 110 - 185℉ (45 - 85℃) depending on the formulation and viscosity.
 Mixing is continued until the end product is homogeneous.
 Product is then sent to packaging.

WATER OIL
PHASE PHASE

MIXING THE
TWO PHASES

HEATING

MIXING UNTIL
PRODUCT IS
HOMOGENOUS

PACKAGING

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 CHEMICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY
UNIVERSITY OF SAN AGUSTIN
ILOILO CITY

IV. MANUFACTURING EQUIPMENT

Water Treatment Equipment

Mobile water treatment
and purification plants are
intended to provide emergency,
temporary solutions, such as
construction sites, or to meet
long-term water treatment needs.
These mobile systems are
installed inside seaworthy 20 or
40 foot containers or combined to
form complete systems with
advanced water treatment and
purification technologies.
Insulation, diamond flooring, LED
lighting, climate control, and service hatches are included in these mobile treatment
container units. These systems are designed to be versatile and long-lasting for use in
a variety of settings, and they come with a plethora of options. Treating water from
any source, seasonal changes in water, quick delivery, changes in processed water
quality, and temporary use until a stable system is in place are some of the features
of mobile water treatment systems. You risk scaling on pipes and fouling of expensive
equipment, increased organic growth, high total dissolved solids, and a host of other
issues that affect the quality of your product and the service life of your equipment if
you don't integrate process water treatment and purification technologies properly.

Pure water Storage tank

Purified Water Storage Tanks are commonly used on

pharmaceutical and cosmetic manufacturing lines to store
purified water, sterile and non-sterile solutions. Storage tanks
in these applications must be easy to clean and long-lasting,
with the ability to include extra fittings such as sampling or
racking ports, as well as total drain ability of the process tank.

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 CHEMICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY
UNIVERSITY OF SAN AGUSTIN
ILOILO CITY

Fixed Type Vacuum Emulsifying Tank with Homogenizer/ Agitator/ Platform/ Motor

This Homogenizer Mixer Type and

Liquid Application electric cosmetic cream
mixer is primarily composed of a water
pot, oil pot, emulsifying pot, vacuum
system, lifting system (optional),
electronic control system (PLC is optional),
operation, and other components.

After heating and mixing the

materials in the water and oil boilers,
the vacuum pump inhaled it into the
emulsification boiler, causing it to
mix and flow to the homogenizer via
the birdirection cutting, compression,
and folding of the scraping mixing box and center impeller. It means that when
the materials are under vacuum, the high shear emulsifier is used to rapidly and
evenly distribute one or more to another continuous phase. The materials will be
processed in the narrow space between the stator and rotor by the machine
effect's high energy of motion.

Through the introduction of advanced technology from abroad, the machine is

professionally designed in accordance with the ointment manufacturing process of
cosmetics and ointments, among other products. It is appropriate for the
manufacture of ointment and cream products in cosmetic and pharmaceutical
plants. The emulsifying effect is stronger in materials with a high base viscosity
and solid content.

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 CHEMICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY
UNIVERSITY OF SAN AGUSTIN
ILOILO CITY

Storage Tank

Storage tanks are used to keep the

lotion produced and the product or
suspension homogeneously mixed in a
mixing system. Because end products
come into contact with the storage tank's
walls, it is critical that the vessel's
construction adheres to standard CGMPs
and is sanitary for use. It is critical to
understand the proper tank to be used in
order to have more efficient processes.

Automatic Lotion and Cream Filling Machine

These filling and sealing machines must handle metal, plastic, polyfoil,
and laminate tubes and are designed to work in pharmaceutical environments
to ensure maximum efficiency and quality. They should be renowned for their
flexibility and modularity, allowing differentiated tube feeding to meet
individual needs; additionally, they ensure complete accessibility of the work
area, and special attention has been paid to the simplification of cleaning
operations for parts in contact with the product, as well as the possibility of
combined metal/plastic closures.

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 CHEMICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY
UNIVERSITY OF SAN AGUSTIN
ILOILO CITY

Conveyor Belt Packing Table

Conveyor belts for packing improve

the picking and packing process,
allowing for faster and more
efficient product packing.
Employees can use the conveyor as
a workstation when packing goods,
saving time on moving back and
forth between stations, thanks to
the use of side tables and
extended conveyor side surfaces.

Equipment Cost
Equipment Cost ($)
Water Treatment Equipment 13, 000-15, 000

Pure Water Storage Tank 1,500-2,500

(5,000 L)
Fixed Type Vacuum Emulsifying Tank with Homogenizer/
Agitator/ Platform/ Motor 10, 000 / set

Storage Tank 1999-5999/set

Automatic Lotion and Cream Filling Machine 9,000-12, 000

Conveyor Belt Packing Table 25-100/ft

V. QUALITY STANDARD AND ANALYSIS

Lotions are cosmetics that are used to make people look more appealing. They're
pharmaceuticals if they're meant to change the structure or function of the body,
or if they're used for a therapeutic purpose like curing or preventing disease, or if
they're both cosmetics and drugs. Sunscreen products, for example, are considered
medications in the United States. Skin protectants, skin bleaches, and therapies
for acne, eczema, and rosacea are also safe.

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 CHEMICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY
UNIVERSITY OF SAN AGUSTIN
ILOILO CITY

Some lotions are both cosmetics and drugs, and must meet the requirements for
both categories. Lotions that are intended both to moisturize the skin and protect
users from the sun are just one example.
1) Basic Ingredients - While it would be impossible for the typical consumer to
understand all of the different ingredients in a moisturizer, it is still
important to have a basic understanding of what is in your body lotion
before you buy it. This knowledge may also help you to identify what you
don’t like about your current body lotion. A good, basic moisturizer should
contain ingredients that have humectant, occlusive and emollient
properties, as well as some combination of lipids. Essentially, the right
formulation of these ingredients will help to replenish surface hydration, as
well as restore the skin's natural barriers against moisture loss and external
irritants. The lotion should rub in easily and smoothly and shouldn’t feel
tacky as it dries.
Humectants attract water to the uppermost layer of your skin, known as
the stratum corneum. They typically draw water from the dermis below to
hydrate the surface of your skin, but they can also attract water from the
air in very humid conditions. Glycerin (also known as glycerol) is the most
popular humectant because it is inexpensive and highly effective. Other
examples of humectants that you might come across include propylene
glycol (less "sticky" than glycerin), sorbitol, hexylene and butylene glycol,
urea (10%), hyaluronic acid, sodium PCA and alpha-hydroxy acids (AHA's).
Occlusive agents help to maintain hydration by preventing the
evaporation of water from the surface of your skin. The most effective
occlusive is petrolatum (or petroleum jelly), but other popular occlusives
include lanolin, mineral oil (or paraffin), and silicone derivatives (ex.
cyclomethicone, dimethicone). While lanolin is widely used, it has been
shown to contribute to contact dermatitis in some instances and may not
be a good choice for everyone. Other examples of occlusive agents include
beeswax and botanical waxes (ex. candelilla, carnauba, palm kernel or
soybean).
Emollients (mainly lipids and oils) improve the appearance of your skin
by smoothing flaky skin cells and can even provide some occlusivity (sealing
in moisture) when applied heavily. There are hundreds of emollients, but
some common ones include all non-fragrant plant oils, cocoa butter, shea
butter, ceramides, cholesterol, triglycerides and fatty acids. Fatty acids
may be listed as linoleic, stearic, oleic, linolenic, and lauric acids (can be
found in coconut, palm or grapeseed oils).

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 CHEMICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY
UNIVERSITY OF SAN AGUSTIN
ILOILO CITY

2) More Beneficial Ingredients - Beyond the basic ingredients listed above, a

well-formulated body lotion will also contain a blend of antioxidants, cell-
communicating agents and anti-irritants. While some ingredients offer more
than one benefit, it is important that your body lotion contain ingredients
with these important qualities if you really want to see an improvement in
the overall tone and texture of your skin.
In addition to being a great natural preservative, antioxidants help
prevent premature aging by neutralizing free radicals, which oxidize lipids
and break down skin cells. Antioxidants will enhance the effectiveness of
your sunscreen, and they will also improve your skin's ability to heal itself
and produce healthy collagen. Common antioxidants include Vitamins A
(beta carotene), Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) and Vitamin E (tocopherols),
white or green tea, licorice root, selenium (glutathione), soy extract, grape
seed extract, pomegranate extract, etc.
Ingredients with cell-communicating properties are beneficial to your
skin because they theoretically “tell” your skin cells to look and act like
normal, healthy skin cells, according to skincare expert Paula Begoun. These
ingredients are especially helpful if you have hyperpigmentation or want to
reduce the signs of aging (ie. wrinkles/fine lines, blotchiness or
discoloration). Cell-communicating ingredients could appear on the label as
a niacinamide (Vitamin B3), retinol, adenosine triphosphate, etc.
Lastly, anti-irritants or soothing/calming ingredients are also a very
important component of a good body lotion that you can never have enough
of, particularly if you have sensitive skin. Anti-irritants aid in the skin's
healing process and protect it from damage caused by external sources such
as the environment, sun, pollution or even from other skincare products (ex.
sunscreen). Common anti-irritants include aloe, allantoin, green tea, grape
extract, licorice root, chamomile extract, bisabolol, burdock root, etc.
3) Avoid Ingredients that Irritate Skin - Even if you don’t have sensitive skin,
we would still suggest avoiding body lotions with ingredients that can
irritate skin because irritation breaks down your collagen, which the protein
in skin that keeps it smooth and young is looking. While you may love a body
lotion's scent, fragrance is the #1 cause of irritation and probably isn't the
best moisturizer for daily use. One thing to keep in mind here is that
products marked "unscented" aren't necessarily "fragrance-free". Lotions
with dyes or color additives can also be very irritating and should be
avoided when possible. Other potentially irritating preservatives that you

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 CHEMICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY
UNIVERSITY OF SAN AGUSTIN
ILOILO CITY

might see in the list of ingredients include sorbic acid, citric acid, benzyl
alcohol, and parabens.

4) Sunscreen - Since sun damage anywhere on your body will make you look
significantly older than you are, it is extremely important to apply a
sunscreen with at least an SPF 15 every day, regardless of your skin type.
While it may sound convenient to purchase a daily moisturizer with SPF in
it, these lotions are not appropriate for everyone. First of all, the higher
the lotion’s SPF, the more sunscreen ingredients it contains and the less
room there is for other important ingredients. If you have dry, mature, or
sensitive skin, you are probably better off using a good body lotion without
SPF and then applying a sunscreen over it.

5) Know Your Skin Type - Now that you understand the different components
of a body lotion, you need to consider which formulation (ie. type of lotion
and ingredients) will be best for your skin type. As background, body lotions
are available in creams, ointments, lotions or milks, which all provide
varying degrees of hydration.
Dry Skin: Look for thicker, oil-based creams or ointments that contain
heavier occlusive emollients such as dimethicone (silicone derivative). For
severely dry, cracked skin, opt for ones with petroleum-based ingredients
like mineral oil or paraffin.
Normal or Combination Skin: Look for a lightweight, water-based lotion
that contains lighter oils such as aloe, jojoba, cetyl alcohol or silicone
derivatives (ex. cyclomethicone).
Oily Skin: Look for a very lightweight, nonaqueous, oil-free moisturizer.
Just like for your face, you should look for products labeled
"noncomedogenic", meaning it won’t clog pores.
Sensitive Skin: Look for a lightweight moisturizer that contains soothing
ingredients, such as allantoin, chamomile or aloe, and that doesn't contain
potential irritants, such as acids, fragrances or dyes.
Mature Skin: Look for petrolatum-based moisturizers that have
ingredients to fight wrinkles like antioxidants or AHAs.
Now that you have a better understanding of how to choose the best
body lotion for your skin, don’t let yourself get distracted by marketing ploys
or start to think that higher priced lotions will be more effective than
drugstore brands. No matter how much money you spend, there is no miracle

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 CHEMICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY
UNIVERSITY OF SAN AGUSTIN
ILOILO CITY

body lotion that will turn back the hands of time or permanently rid you of
cellulite or stretch marks. That said, there are a lot of really great
inexpensive and expensive body lotions that can help keep your skin well-
hydrated, so it looks and acts healthier and doesn’t age prematurely.
If possible, you should always try to get samples of the body lotions you
are considering before you buy them. What works well for a friend might not
be ideal for you, so you just want to check out how your skin reacts to
different products. Once you've found the perfect body lotion, try to apply it
immediately after showering to towel dried, exfoliated skin for the best
results.
 must not be the one that will clog your skin pores;
 should be able to terminate the appearance of wrinkles and fine lines
 should be able to moisturize your skin such that you stay young-looking and
your skin remains beautiful and attractive.

VI. DIFFERENT PRODUCTS IN THE MARKET

Water Based Lotion
 Neutrogena Hydro Boost Fragrance-free Hydrating Body Gel Cream, 16 Ounce

 Sorabee Hydrating Face Lotion For Dry Face, Water Based Moisturizer For Face
with Deep Sea Water and Collagen, Natural, Oil Free for Acne Prone Face

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 CHEMICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY
UNIVERSITY OF SAN AGUSTIN
ILOILO CITY

 CETAPHIL Moisturizing Lotion

 Lubriderm Daily Moisture Hydrating Unscented Body Lotion with Pro-Vitamin B5

for Normal-to-Dry Skin for Healthy-Looking Skin, Non-Greasy and Fragrance-Free
Lotion

Herbal

 Essential Herbs BODY LOTION

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 CHEMICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY
UNIVERSITY OF SAN AGUSTIN
ILOILO CITY

 Essential Herbs BODY LOTION

 Herbal Body Lotion

 Neo-derma

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 CHEMICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY
UNIVERSITY OF SAN AGUSTIN
ILOILO CITY

OIL BASED LOTION

 Silka Premium Whitening Papaya Lotion

This non-greasy lotion can even out discoloration and leaves a yummy scent on your skin.
Aside from brightening papaya enzyme, the Silka Body Lotion also has vitamin B3. B5, and E
to nourish and keep the skin looking firm. We love that it also contains SPF 30 and PA+++ that
help protect your skin from the harmful effects of UV rays.

 Vaseline Lotion Healthy White Fresh and Fair

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 CHEMICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY
UNIVERSITY OF SAN AGUSTIN
ILOILO CITY

Here's another non-greasy lotion to add to your list. It has an easy-to-absorb formula and
leaves your skin soft to the touch. It has cooling menthol that grants a refreshing boost, aka
it's perfect for hot weather

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 CHEMICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY
UNIVERSITY OF SAN AGUSTIN
ILOILO CITY

 St. Ives Body Lotion Skin Renewing Collagen Elastin

This basic body lotion is enriched with soybean oil that can grant you soft, supple skin. It's
non-comedogenic and suitable for sensitive skin

 Myra Classic Moisturizing Vitamin Lotion

There’s a lot of reasons Pinays love the Myra Classic Moisturizing Vitamin Lotion. It has
vitamins E, C, B3, B5, B6 which all work together to nourish and soften the skin all day. Best
of all, it has a non-sticky finish so you can still apply it even in hot weather.

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 CHEMICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY
UNIVERSITY OF SAN AGUSTIN
ILOILO CITY

 Human Nature Sunflower Beauty Lotion 

Many have raved about the skin-perfecting qualities of Human Nature's Sunflower
Beauty Oil that the organic brand had to make a lotion version of it. It's also rich in vitamin E
that protects the skin against environmental aggressors like pollution and UV rays. It's 99.95
percent natural.

 Nivea Body Healthy Glow Dewy Sakura

The Nivea Body Lotion has jojoba oil that leaves your skin feeling soft to touch without
the lagkit! Plus, licorice extract is a gentle brightening agent that helps even out
discoloration.

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 CHEMICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY
UNIVERSITY OF SAN AGUSTIN
ILOILO CITY

VII. PACKAGING

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 CHEMICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY
UNIVERSITY OF SAN AGUSTIN
ILOILO CITY

References:
https://www.medicinenet.com/what_is_lotion_used_for/article.htm
https://www.everydayhealth.com/skin-beauty/7-body-lotion-benefits/
https://thedermreview.com/face-moisturizers/water-based-moisturizer-vs-oil-based-
moisturizer/#:~:text=Examples%20of%20non%2Dcomedogenic%20oil,cold%20climates
%20and%20winter%20months.
https://incidecoder.com/products/hempz-original-herbal-body-moisturizer
https://www.everydayhealth.com/skin-beauty/7-body-lotion-benefits/
https://www.gzmiziho.com/vacuum-mixing-tank-emulsifying-machine-homogenizer-
for-cream_p48.html
https://www.aileauto.com/product/fixed-type-vacuum-emulsifying-tank-with-
homogenizer-agitator-platform-motor/
https://enduramaxx.co.uk/enduramaxx/purified-water-storage-tank/
https://ginhong.com/storage-tank/#:~:text=What%20are%20Storage%20Tanks
%3F,mixed%20in%20a%20mixing%20system
https://www.spaceguard.co.uk/conveyors-posts/packing-conveyor-belts/
#:~:text=Packing%20conveyor%20belts%20enhance%20the,back%20and%20forth
%20between%20stations

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