1 - ADITYA Project Report

A
PROJECT REPORT
ON
“GRID CONTOUR
SURVEY”
Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of
Diploma in
“Civil Engineering”
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

UNIVERSITY POLYTECHNIC
IFTM UNIVERSITY, LODHIPUR RAJPUT,
MORADABAD-244001
Submitted By
Under the guidance of:
Mr. Mahavir Singh Rawat Aditya Saxena (19045004)
Asst. Professor Diploma CE 6th Semester
Department of Civil Engineering Department of Civil Engineering
University Polytechnic University Polytechnic
May 2022
GRID CONTOUR SURVEY Page 1

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
UNIVERSITY POLYTECHNIC
IFTM UNIVERSITY
LODHIPUR RAJPUT, DELHI ROAD, NH-24, MBD, U.P.
Ref: Date:
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that Project report entitled “Grid Contour Survey” Submitted by
“Aditya Saxena (19045004)” Students of "Diploma" Civil Engineering Department of
IFTM UNIVERSITY MORADABAD is a record work carried out my guidance and
supervision. The material embodied in this Project report is original and has not been
submitted by me for the award of any other degree of any other university.
Aditya Saxena (19045004)

Diploma CE 6th Semester
Department of Civil Engineering
University Polytechnic
This is to certify that the above statement made by the candidate is correct to the best
of my knowledge.
Mr. Mahavir Singh Rawat Mr. Mahavir Singh Rawat

(Project Coordinator) (Project Guide)
Certified that the above-mentioned Project report has been duly carried out as per the
norms of the college and statutes of the university.
Mr. Mahavir Singh Rawat

(Assistant Prof. & Head, CE Deptt.)

TABLE OF CONTENT
NO. CONTENT PAGE NO.
1- ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 4
2- INTRODUCTION 5
PURPOSE OF CONTOUR SURVEY
3- 5
4- OBJECTIVE OF CONTOURING 6
5- APPLICATION OF CONTOUR SURVEYING IN CIVIL ENGINEERING 6
6- METHODS OF CONTOURING 6
7- CONTOUR LINE 9
8- CHARACTERISTICS OF CONTOUR LINES 10
9- CONTOUR INTERVAL 10
10- THE CONTOUR DEPENDS UPON THE FOLLOWING FACTORS 11
11- CHARACTERISTICS OF CONTOURS 11
12- INSTRUMENTS USED IN CONTOUR SURVEY 12
13- SITE OF SURVEY 17
14- PROCEDURE 19
15- DATA AND ANALYSIS 22
16- PLOTTING OF A CONTOUR MAP 26
17- PLOT CONTOUR LINES 27
18- RESULT 37
19- WHAT WE LEARNT 39
20- CONCLUSION 40
21- REFERENCES 41
22- APPENDIX 42

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We have made this Project report file on the topic “Grid Contour Survey” We have tried my best to
elucidate all the relevant detail to the topic to be included in the report. While in the beginning we have
tried to give a general view about this topic. My efforts and wholehearted co-corporation of each one
has ended on a successful note. We express my sincere gratitude to “Mr. Mahavir Singh Rawat”
who assisting me throughout the preparation of this topic. We thank him for providing me the
reinforcement, confidence and most importantly the track for the topic whenever we needed it. I would
like to thank Mr. Rajbahadur Sir for his motivation and help, which contributed tremendously to the
successful completion of the project.
SUBMITTED BY
Aditya Saxena (19045004)
Diploma CE 6th Semester
Department of Civil Engineering
University Polytechnic
Date: ………………….

GRID CONTOUR SURVEY
INTRODUCTION:
Contouring in surveying is the determination of elevation of various points on the land and fixing these
points of same horizontal positions in the contour map.
In the land property world, a contour is an outline of a mass of land. Main objective of conducting
contour surveys is to identify any noticeable difference in elevation of the existing land. In land
surveying a contour map is a map illustrated with contour lines, for example a topographic map, which
thus shows valleys and hills, and the steepness or gentleness of slopes.
Contouring in surveying is the determination of elevation of various points on the ground and fixing
these points of same horizontal positions in the contour map. To exercise vertical control leveling work
is carried out and simultaneously to exercise horizontal control chain survey or compass survey or
plane table survey is to be carried out. If the theodolite is used, both horizontal and vertical controls
can be achieved from the same instrument. It also an Imaginary line on the ground surface joining the
points of equal elevation is known as contour. In other words, Contour is a line in which the ground
surface is intersected by a level surface obtained by joining points of equal elevation. This line on the
map represents a contour and is called Contour line. A map showing Contour Lines is known as
Contour Map.
The purpose of leveling is to obtain measurements of differences in elevation of various points that are
not vertically above each other. Relative heights of various points on the map can be represented by
many methods and one of them is contouring.
Contour is a line passing through points of known elevation or reduced level. The method of locating
contours in a plan or map is known as contouring.
PURPOSE OF CONTOUR SURVEY: -
Our main purpose for this survey is to be familiar with field environment and to get practical
knowledge of surveying and use of its instruments in field. Also, in 4th semester subject like
Surveying requires knowledge about how different instruments are used in the field. The main purpose
of preparation of contour is drawing of sections, determination of inter-visibility between two points,
tracing of contour gradients, location of route, measurement of drainage area and calculation of
reservoir capacity. A contour survey is a line that connects points of equal elevation. Contour survey is
usually carried out in order to have an accurate record of the existing conditions of a portion of land
that is about to undergo some type of construction activity.

OBJECTIVE OF CONTOURING: -
Survey is carried out at the starting of any engineering project such as a road, a railway, a canal, a dam,
a building etc.
1. For preparing contour maps in order to select the most economical or suitable site.
2. To locate the alignment of a canal so that it should follow a ridge line.
3. To mark the alignment of roads and railways so that the quantity of earthwork both in cutting
and filling should be minimum.
4. For getting information about the ground whether it is flat, undulating, or mountainous.
5. To locate the physical features of the ground such as a pond depression, hill, steep or small
slopes.
APPLICATION OF CONTOUR SURVEYING IN CIVIL ENGINEERING: -
contour surveying is useful in civil engineering in the following areas:
1. In the proper and accurate location of engineering projects such as roads, canals, etc.
2. In determining the location of water supply, water distribution and to solve the problem of steam
pollution.
3. In planning and designing of dams, reservoirs, aqueducts, transmission lines, etc.
4. In the selection of sites for new industrial plants.
5. To determine the intervisibility of stations.
6. To determine the profile of the country in any direction.
7. To estimate the quantity if cutting-filling of soil and the capacity of a reservoir.
METHODS OF CONTOURING: -
There are two methods of Contouring.
1. Direct method
2. Indirect method
DIRECT METHOD OF CONTOURING: -

High degree of precision is required for large-scale maps with small contour interval. In the Direct
Method of contouring, the reduced level of various selected points on a contour line are obtained and
their positions are located. The contours are then drawn by joining these points. It is very accurate
method but is very tedious and time consuming.

 BY LEVEL AND STAFF: - In this a series of points having the same staff readings and thus the
same elevations are plotted and joined by a smooth curve.
 By hand level/Abney level: - In this method the instrument may stands over the bench mark and
the staff man are moved to a point on the contour which must be plotted. As soon as the instrument
may observes the required staff reading for a particular contour, he instructs the staff man to stop
and locates the position of the point.
INDIRECT METHOD OF CONTOURING: -

It is suitable for undulated ground and hilly areas. In this the points are selected at random. The
positions and elevations of which are not necessarily located on a contour line.
Tracing contour is the process in which the position and reduced level of all such points is then
determined. The contours are then drawn by interpolation method.
A. METHOD OF SQUARES: -
This is also called as co-ordinate method of locating contours. The entire area is divided into squares
or rectangles forming a grid. The elevations of corners are determined and the required contours are
interpolated.
This method is very suitable for a small open area where contours are required at a lose vertical
interval. This is also suitable for large-scale mapping.

B. METHOD OF CROSS-SECTIONS: -
In this method a transit traverse is run. This method is suitable for road, railway, and canal survey i.e.,
for route surveys.
C. TACHEOMETRIC METHOD: -
This is practically suitable for hilly areas and all places where plane table surveying is impractical. The
elevations and distances are calculated from the observed data and contours are interpolated.
D. PLANE TABLE METHOD: -

In this, the distance and elevation of the staff point is reduced by trigonometric relations. The observer
scales the computed distance along the plotted line to locate the point and writes the computed
elevation in such a way that the plotted position of the point coincides with the decimal point of the
elevation value.

CONTOUR LINE: -
A Contour line may be defined as an imaginary line passing through the points of equal devotion. A
contour line may also be defined as the intersection of a level surface with the surface of the earth.
When the contours are drawn underwater, they are terme
termed
d as Submarine Contours, Fathoms or
Bathymetric Curves. This is the best method of representation of features such as hills, depressions,
underwater etc on a two-dimensional
dimensional paper.

CHARACTERISTICS OF CONTOUR LINES: -
1. In contour surveying, all points in a contour line have the same elevation.
2. Contour lines are far away from each other in a flat region and close to each other in the
mountainous region.
3. Uniform slope is indicated by uniformed spaced contour line from each other and flat ground is
indicated as a straight line, uniformed space and parallel to each other.
4. A series of contour line which is closed to each other indicated a hill and the higher value inside.
5. A series of closed contour lines are indicating depression if the higher value is outside.
6. Contour lines are right angle in the valley or ridge portion. If the higher value is inside it
indicates ‘Ridge’ or if a higher value is outside the bend it denotes ‘Valley’.
7. Contour lines can’t end anywhere but close on themselves or outside the map limit.
8. Contour lines are not cross to each other whether there is an overhanging cliff.
9. Contour lines never run into one another unless there is a vertical cliff.
10. Depression between summits is called a saddle. Four sets of contours are represented here. It
represents the junction of two ridges or a dip in a ridge. The line which passes through saddles is
called the watershed line.
11. Contour line can’t be a break, it must be continuous. A contour line consists of the same points
so all the same points exist in a single contour line.
12. Here we can easily access the altitudes of the earth surface. It also produces a plan of that
portion. So, contour map serves both, a plan, and a section of that area.
CONTOUR INTERVAL: -
The constant vertical distance between any two consecutive contours is called the contour interval.
We should use a constant contour interval through a map. The variable contour interval gives a false
impression of the relative steepness of the surface in different parts of the map.
The horizontal distance between the two adjacent contours is called horizontal equivalent. It depends
on the slope of the ground.
 For projects such as Highways & Railways = 2.0 m
 For Earth Works, Building Sites, Dams, City Survey = 0.5 m
 Geological Surveys = 6 – 15 m

THE CONTOUR DEPENDS UPON THE FOLLOWING FACTORS: -
 THE SCALE OF THE MAP: -
the contour interval normally varies inversely to the scale of the map i.e., if the scale of map is large,
the contour interval is small and vice versa.
 PURPOSE OF THE MAP: -
For every important and detailed design, contour interval should be kept small.
 NATURE OF GROUND: -
For flat ground, a small contour interval is chosen whereas, for undulating and broken ground,
greater contour interval is adopted.
 TIME & COST: -
If the contourr interval is small, greater time and funds will be required in the field survey, in
reduction and in plotting the map. If the time and funds available are limited, the contour interval
may be kept large.
 SLOPE: -
Contour interval is directly proportional to slope. Contour interval for country is generally small,
e.g., 0.25m, 0.5m, 0.75m, etc. contour interval in hilly areas is generally greater, e.g., 5m, 10m,
15m, etc.
CHARACTERISTICS OF CONTOURS: -
 If contours are parallel and spacing between them is al
also
so constant then it shows a uniform slope.
 Closely spaced contour represents a steep slope and distant contours represent generally mild
slope.
 Closed contours (loop) represents either a hill or a pond. For a hill, readings increase toward the
centre and for
or a pond, it decreases towards the centre.

 Ridgeline/valley line intersect contour at a right angle. ((Line joining topmost point of a hill is
called ridgeline and the line joining bottom
bottom-most
most points of a valley is called valley line.)
 Two contours of different elevation neither touch nor cross each other. (Exception: Vertical cliff &
overhanging cliff)
INSTRUMENTS USED IN CONTOUR SURVEY: -

1. AUTO LEVEL: -
An auto level is a leveling instrument and used by contractors, builders, land surveying professionals
for surveying, and auto level setup is fast & are easy to use, and save time and money. No adjustment
for staff reading is required as the actual reading is seen from the eyepiece in the auto level and with
any 3 screws available the bubble can be adjusted from any side and any angle. As compared to the

dumpy level the measurement accuracy of the auto level is higher and the auto level has an internal
compensator mechanism that automatically adjusts the line of sight.
For fence builders, foundation installers, deck builders, swimming pool builders, landscaping pros,
home builders, roadwork jobs, and excavations, etc the auto level is a great instrument for surveying.
In the auto level, the telescope is fixed to its supports and for approximate leveling circular spirit can
be attached to the side of the telescope, and compensator is attached inside the telescope for more
accurate leveling. To level automatically, the compensator can help the instrument and consist of two
fixed prisms and it creates an optical path between objective and eyepiece.
The compensator results in the optical system to swing into the exact position of the line of sight
automatically due to the action of gravity but compensator should be checked before the process of
leveling.
2. LEVEL STAFF: -

Leveling Staff is an instrument used to determine the difference in height between two points.
Levelling Staff is known as the staff rod, Levelling rod, and self-reading staff, as the staff readings
may be taken directly by the instrument man from the levelling instrument.
Levelling rods can be one piece, but many are sectional and can be shortened for storage and transport
or lengthened for use. Aluminum rods may be shortened by telescoping sections inside each other,
while wooden rod sections can be attached to each other with sliding connections or slip joints, or
hinged to fold when not in use.
There are many types of rods, with names that identify the form of the graduations and other
characteristics. Markings can be in imperial or metric units. Some rods are graduated on one side only
while others are marked on both sides. If marked on both sides, the markings can be identical or can
have imperial units on one side and metric on the other.
3. TRIPOD STAND: -

A tripod is a three-legged stand, important in providing the foundation for laser levels and other
leveling instruments such as: rotary laser levels, line laser levels, dot laser levels, builder's
levels, transit levels, automatic levels and even sometimes torpedo laser levels.
A tripod is typically used with a leveling instrument, grade rod, laser pole and level detector. Tripods
are portable and provide support and stability along both the side-to-side and up-and-down axis of
motion.
4. TAPE: -
A tape measure or measuring tape is a flexible ruler used to measure size or distance.
It consists of a ribbon of cloth, plastic, fiber glass, or metal strip with linear measurement markings. It
is a common measuring tool. Its design allows for a measure of great length to be easily carried in
pocket or toolkit and permits one to measure around curves or corners. Today it is ubiquitous, even
appearing in miniature form as a keychain fob, or novelty item. Surveyors use tape measures in lengths
of over 100 m
5. RANGING ROD: -
A ranging rod (or range rod) is a surveying instrument used for marking the position of stations, and
for sightings of those stations, as well as for ranging straight lines. Initially these were made of light,
thin and straight bamboo, or of well seasoned wood such as teak, pine or deodar. They were shod with
iron at the bottom and surmounted with a flag about 250 mm square in size. [2] Nowadays they are
made of wood, metal, or fiberglass.
The rods are usually about 30 mm in diameter and 2 m or 3 m long, painted with alternating bands,
such as red and white, red, and yellow, or black and white, in lengths of 200 mm (i.e., one link length
of metric chain), 500 mm, or one foot. These colors are used so that the rod can be properly sighted in
case of long distance or bad weather. Ranging rods of greater length, e.g., 3 to 6 m, are called ranging
or range poles, and are used for very long survey lines. Another type of ranging rod is known as an
offset rod, which has no flag at the top. It is used for measuring small offsets from the survey line
when the work is of an ordinary nature.
6. CROSS STAFF: -

The cross-staff is an instrument that is used to measure altitudes and angles consisting of a
trigonometrically graduated staff and over it, one or more perpendicular vanes are moving.
To measure altitude or the distance of an object above sea level or the horizon the cross-staff is used
and it is an early navigational tool. For measuring the altitude of the sun and for finding the latitude by
measuring the altitude of the polar star, the instrument was mainly used.
SITE OF SURVEY: -
Contour Survey is done in the football ground of IFTM UNIVERSITY.

PROCEDURE: -
1. First, picked up a ground of 100m X 100m.
2. Divide the whole ground in 10m X 10m square boxes.
3. Thus, we get 121 points for leveling.
4. Give a proper name to every points.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
K K1 K2 K3 K4 K5 K6 K7 K8 K9 K10 K11
J J1 J2 J3 J4 J5 J6 J7 J8 J9 J10 J11
I I1 I2 I3 I4 I5 I6 I7 I8 I9 I10 I11
H H1 H2 H3 H4 H5 H6 H7 H8 H9 H10 H11
G G1 G2 G3 G4 G5 G6 G7 G8 G9 G10 G11
100
F F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 F6 F7 F8 F9 F10 F11
E E1 E2 E3 E4 E5 E6 E7 E8 E9 E10 E11
D D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 D8 D9 D10 D11
C C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 C8 C9 C10 C11
B B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 B6 B7 B8 B9 B10 B11
A 10
A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8 A9 A10 A11
10
100
5. Setup the auto level in the ground.

6. It is remembered that the level is then set up in such a position so that the maximum number of
points can be commanded from the instrument station.
7. Hold the staff vertically on the first point A1 and take a reading. This reading will be the back
sight, because it is the first staff reading after setting the instrument.
8. Now move to the next point A2, and hold the staff vertically on the point and this reading will
be the intermediate sight.

9. Similarly move the next points, and filled their readings in the field book.
10. Repeat this process until you can command the points of field.
11. When it is difficult to take readings of more points.
12. Picked up a reading of a point, and this reading will be fore sight.
Now change the position of instrument.

13. Fixed up the instrument on another point.
14. Now take the reading of the last point again from the instrument, now this reading is the back sight
for this point.
15. So, we will get two reading on a single point and this is termed as point of changing of station.
16. Now again repeat the whole process.
17. And get the readings of all point.
18. Suppose the R.L of A1 is 100m.

19. The height of instrument is determined by taking a back sight on the B.M. and
20. adding it to the R.L. of bench mark.
21. For find the R.L of next level subtract the I.S of this level from HI.
22. Repeat this process for find the R.L of other points.
DATA AND ANALYSIS: -

SR. POINTS B. S I.S F. S HI R. L REMARK
NO. IF
1 A1 1.365 101.365 100.000
2 A2 1.350 100.015
3 A3 1.380 99.985
4 A4 1.355 100.010
5 A5 1.390 99.975
6 A6 1.435 99.930
7 A7 1.425 101.265 99.840 C.P
8 A8 1.460 99.805
9 A9 1.495 99.770
10 A10 1.200 100.065
11 A11 1.425 99.840
12 B1 1.265 100.000
13 B2 1.335 99.930
14 B3 1.320 99.945
15 B4 1.320 99.945
16 B5 1.350 99.915
17 B6 1.395 99.870
18 B7 1.460 99.805
19 B8 1.490 99.775
20 B9 1.480 99.785
21 B10 1.460 99.805
22 B11 1.365 99.900
23 C1 1.290 99.975
24 C2 1.280 99.985
25 C3 1.285 99.980
26 C4 1.280 99.985
27 C5 1.385 99.880

28 C6 1.420 99.845
29 C7 1.475 99.790
30 C8 1.480 99.785
31 C9 1.440 99.825
32 C10 1.545 99.720
33 C11 1.330 99.935
34 D1 1.310 1.355 101.220 99.910 C.P
35 D2 1.270 99.950
36 D3 1.320 99.900
37 D4 1.300 99.920
38 D5 1.365 99.855
39 D6 1.385 99.835
40 D7 1.450 99.770
41 D8 1.450 99.770
42 D9 1.425 99.795
43 D10 1.515 99.705
44 D11 1.235 99.985
45 E1 1.360 99.860
46 E2 1.320 99.900
47 E3 1.330 99.890
48 E4 1.335 99.885
49 E5 1.335 99.885
50 E6 1.400 99.820
51 E7 1.430 99.790
52 E8 1.480 99.740
53 E9 1.510 99.710
54 E10 1.490 99.730
55 E11 1.215 100.005
56 F1 1.350 99.870
57 F2 1.340 99.880
58 F3 1.315 99.905
59 F4 1.335 99.885
60 F5 1.330 99.890

61 F6 1.395 99.825
62 F7 1.415 99.805
63 F8 1.420 99.800
64 F9 1.495 99.725
65 F10 1.500 99.720
66 F11 1.215 100.005
67 G1 1.320 1.355 101.185 99.865 C.P
68 G2 1.305 99.880
69 G3 1.290 99.895
70 G4 1.355 99.830
71 G5 1.315 99.870
72 G6 1.415 99.770
73 G7 1.405 99.780
74 G8 1.380 99.805
75 G9 1.430 99.755
76 G10 1.505 99.680
77 G11 1.210 99.975
78 H1 1.345 99.840
79 H2 1.315 99.870
80 H3 1.290 99.895
81 H4 1.370 99.815
82 H5 1.320 99.865
83 H6 1.375 99.810
84 H7 1.420 99.765
85 H8 1.415 99.770
86 H9 1.470 99.715
87 H10 1.505 99.680
88 H11 1.170 100.015
89 I1 1.365 1.305 101.245 99.880 C.P
90 I2 1.380 99.865
91 I3 1.355 99.890
92 I4 1.405 99.840
93 I5 1.415 99.830

94 I6 1.460 99.785
95 I7 1.465 99.780
96 I8 1.485 99.760
97 I9 1.465 99.780
98 I10 1.560 99.685
99 I11 1.185 100.060
100 J1 1.375 99.870
101 J2 1.330 99.915
102 J3 1.330 99.915
103 J4 1.370 99.875
104 J5 1.420 99.825
105 J6 1.515 99.730
106 J7 1.515 99.730
107 J8 1.490 99.755
108 J9 1.515 99.730
109 J10 1.510 99.735
110 J11 1.145 100.100
111 K1 1.370 99.875
112 K2 1.355 99.890
113 K3 1.320 99.925
114 K4 1.370 99.875
115 K5 1.435 99.810
116 K6 1.500 99.745
117 K7 1.545 99.700
118 K8 1.485 99.760
119 K9 1.505 99.740
120 K10 1.365 1.485 101.125 99.760 C.P
121 K11 0.980 100.145

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
K 99.875 99.890 99.925 99.875 99.810 99.745 99.700 99.760 99.740 99.760 100.145
J 99.870 99.915 99.915 99.875 99.825 99.730 99.730 99.755 99.730 99.735 100.100
I 99.880 99.865 99.890 99.840 99.830 99.785 99.780 99.760 99.780 99.685 100.060
H 99.840 99.870 99.895 99.815 99.865 99.810 99.765 99.770 99.715 99.680 100.015
G 99.865 99.880 99.895 99.830 99.870 99.770 99.780 99.805 99.755 99.680 99.975
F 99.870 99.880 99.905 99.885 99.890 99.825 99.805 99.800 99.725 99.720 100.005
E 99.860 99.900 99.890 99.885 99.885 99.820 99.790 99.740 99.710 99.730 100.005
D 99.910 99.950 99.900 99.920 99.855 99.835 99.770 99.770 99.795 99.705 99.985
C 99.975 99.985 99.980 99.985 99.880 99.845 99.790 99.785 99.825 99.720 99.935
B 100.000 99.930 99.945 99.945 99.915 99.870 99.805 99.775 99.785 99.805 99.900
A 100.00 100.015 99.985 100.010 99.975 99.930 99.840 99.805 99.770 100.065 99.840
-: R.L OF DIFFERENT POINTS: -
PLOTTING OF A CONTOUR MAP: -

For draw a contour map, contour lines are to be draw on the sites. By this, we can get the
topographical of that site.
By the study of Reduce level of all point, for this drawing, I have decided to plot the following contour
lines for this project-
99.700 meter
99.800 meter
99.900 meter
100.000 meter

PLOT CONTOUR LINES: -
For draw the contour lines following procedures will be follows-
1. First, picks up the rectangle grid by which the contour lines are passed.
2. Find out the horizontal distance between these points.
3. Find the difference of level between these points (point1-point2).
4. Find the difference between the higher-level point and the level of contour line (point2-contour
line).
5. Therefore, (point2-contour line) X horizontal distance/(point1-point2).
Then horizontal distance from point 1 to the contour line = _
1. For 99.800-meter contour line: -
Horizontal distance for every line is 10 meter or.
 For K5 and K6 line: -
Difference in level between K5 and K6 = 99.810 - 99.745 = 0.065
Difference in level between K6 and 99.800 = 99.800 – 99.745 = 0.055
Therefore, 0.055 X 10 / 0.065 = 8.46
Then horizontal distance from K6 to the contour line = 8.46
 For J5 and J6 line: -
Difference in level between J5 and K6 = 99.825 – 99.730 = 0.095
Difference in level between J6 and 99.800 = 99.800 – 99.730 = 0.070
Therefore, 0.070 X 10 / 0.095 = 7.37
Then horizontal distance from J6 to contour line = 7.37
 For I5 and I6 line: -
Difference in level between I5 and I6 = 99.830 – 99.785 = 0.045
Difference in level between I6 and 99.800 = 99.800 – 99.785 = 0.015
Therefore, 0.015 X 10 / 0.045 = 3.33
Then horizontal distance from I6 to contour line = 3.33

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
K K1 K2 K3 K4 K5 K6 K7 K8 K9 K10 K11
J J1 J2 J3 J4 J5 J6 J7 J8 J9 J10 J11
I I1 I2 I3 I4 I5 I6 I7 I8 I9 I10 I11
H H1 H2 H3 H4 H5 H6 H7 H8 H9 H10 H11
G G1 G2 G3 G4 G5 G6 G7 G8 G9 G10 G11
F F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 F6 F7 F8 F9 F10 F11
E E1 E2 E3 E4 E5 E6 E7 E8 E9 E10 E11
D D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 D8 D9 D10 D11
C C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 C8 C9 C10 C11
B B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 B6 B7 B8 B9 B10 B11
A A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8 A9 A10 A11
 For H6 and I6 line: -

Difference in level between H6 and I6 = 99.810 – 99.785 = 0.025
Difference in level between I6 and 99.800 = 99.800 – 99.785 = 0.015
Therefore, 0.015 X 10 / 0.025 = 6
Then horizontal distance from I6 to contour line = 6
 For H6 and H7 line: -
Difference in level between H6 and H7 = 99.810 – 99.765 = 0.045
Difference in level between H7 and 99.800 = 99.800 – 99.765 = 0.035
Therefore, 0.035 X 10 / 0.045 = 7.78
Then horizontal distance from H7 to contour line = 7.78
 For G6 and H6 line: -

Difference in level between H6 and G6 = 99.810 – 99.770 = 0.040
Difference in level between G6 and 99.800 = 99.800 – 99.770 = 0.030
Therefore, 0.030 X 10 / 0.040 = 7.50
Then horizontal distance from G6 to contour line = 7.50
 For G5 and G6 line: -
Difference in level between G5 and G6 = 99.870 – 99.770 = 0.100
Therefore, 0.030 X 10 / 0.100 = 3
Then horizontal distance from G6 to contour line = 3
 For F6 and G6 line: -
Difference in level between F6 and G6 = 99.825 – 99.770 = 0.055
Therefore, 0.030 X 10 / 0.055 = 5.45
Then horizontal distance from G6 to contour line = 5.45
 For F7 and G7 line: -
Difference in level between F7 and G7 = 99.805 – 99.780 = 0.025
Therefore, 0.020 X 10 / 0.025 = 8
Therefore, 0.020 X 10 / 0.025 = 8
 For G8 and H8 line: -
Difference in level between G8 and H8 = 99.805 – 99.770 = 0.035
Difference in level between H8 and 99.800 = 99.800 – 99.770 = 0.030
Therefore, 0.030 X 10 / 0.035 = 8.57
Then horizontal distance from H8 to contour line = 8.57
Therefore, 0.045 X 10 / 0.050 = 9
Now it passes from the F8 point: -

Because the value of F8 point is 99.800
 For E7 and F7 line: -
Difference in level between F7 and E7 = 99.805 – 99.790 = 0.015
Difference in level between E7 and 99.800 = 99.800 – 99.790 = 0.010
Therefore, 0.010 X 10 / 0.015 = 6.67
Then horizontal distance from E7 to contour line = 6.67
 For E6 and E7 line: -
Difference in level between E6 and E7 = 99.820 – 99.790 = 0.030
Difference in level between E7 and 99.800 = 99.800 – 99.790 = 0.010
Therefore, 0.010 X 10 / 0.030 = 3.33
Then horizontal distance from E7 to contour line = 3.33
 For D6 and D7 line: -
Difference in level between D6 and D7 = 99.835 – 99.770 = 0.065
Difference in level between D7 and 99.800 = 99.800 – 99.770 = 0.030
Therefore, 0.030 X 10 / 0.065 = 4.62
Then horizontal distance from D7 to contour line = 4.62
 For C6 and C7 line: -
Difference in level between C6 and C7 = 99.845 – 99.790 = 0.055
Difference in level between C7 and 99.800 = 99.800 – 99.790 = 0.010
Therefore, 0.010 X 10 / 0.055 = 1.82
Then horizontal distance from C7 to contour line = 1.82
 For B7 and C7 line: -
Difference in level between B7 and C7 = 99.805 – 99.790 = 0.015
Difference in level between C7 and 99.800 = 99.800 – 99.790 = 0.010
Therefore, 0.010 X 10 / 0.015 = 6.67
Then horizontal distance from C7 to contour line = 6.67
 For B7 and B8 line: -
Difference in level between B7 and B8 = 99.805 – 99.775 = 0.030
Difference in level between B8 and 99.800 = 99.800 – 99.775 = 0.025
Therefore, 0.025 X 10 / 0.030 = 8.33
Then horizontal distance from B8 to contour line = 8.33
 For A8 and B8 line: -

Difference in level between A8 and B8 = 99.805 – 99.775 = 0.030
Difference in level between B8 and 99.800 = 99.800 – 99.775 = 0.025

Therefore, 0.025 X 10 / 0.030 = 8.33
Then horizontal distance from B8 to contour line = 8.33
 For A8 and A9 line: -
Difference in level between A8 and A9 = 99.805 – 99.770 = 0.035
Difference in level between A9 and 99.800 = 99.800 – 99.770 = 0.030
Therefore, 0.030 X 10 / 0.035 = 8.57
Then horizontal distance from A9 to contour line = 8.57
Now joint all the marks draw on contour.
1 2 3 4 599.8 6 7 8 9 10 11
K K1 K2 K3 K4 K5 K6 K7 K8 K9 K10 K11
J J1 J2 J3 J4 J5 J6 J7 J8 J9 J10 J11
I I1 I2 I3 I4 I5 I6 I7 I8 I9 I10 I11
H H1 H2 H3 H4 H5 H6 H7 H8 H9 H10 H11
G G1 G2 G3 G4 G5 G6 G7 G8 G9 G10 G11
F F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 F6 F7 F8 F9 F10 F11
E E1 E2 E3 E4 E5 E6 E7 E8 E9 E10 E11
D D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 D8 D9 D10 D11
C C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 C8 C9 C10 C11
B B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 B6 B7 B8 B9 B10 B11
A A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8 A9 A10 A11
99.8

There are more than one 99.8 contour line: -
1. So, draw another line on grid.
2. Repeat all the process for get the points.
1 2 3 4 599.8 6 7 8 9 10 11
K K1 K2 K3 K4 K5 K6 K7 K8 K9 K10 K11
J J1 J2 J3 J4 J5 J6 J7 J8 J9 J10 J11
I I1 I2 I3 I4 I5 I6 I7 I8 I9 I10 I11
H H1 H2 H3 H4 H5 H6 H7 H8 H9 H10 H11
G G1 G2 G3 G4 G5 G6 G7 G8 G9 G10 G11
F F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 F6 F7 F8 F9 F10 F11
E E1 E2 E3 E4 E5 E6 E7 E8 E9 E10 E11
D D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 D8 D9 D10 D11
C C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 C8 C9 C10 C11
B B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 B6 B7 B8 B9 B10 B11
A A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8 A9 A10 A11
99.8
3. Now mark all the points on the grid.

4. Repeat the same calculation process to get the distance of point.
5. Now join all the points and get another contour line.

1 2 3 4 599.86 7 8 9 10 11
99.8
K K1 K2 K3 K4 K5 K6 K7 K8 K9 K10 K11
J J1 J2 J3 J4 J5 J6 J7 J8 J9 J10 J11
I I1 I2 I3 I4 I5 I6 I7 I8 I9 I10 I11
H H1 H2 H3 H4 H5 H6 H7 H8 H9 H10 H11
G G1 G2 G3 G4 G5 G6 G7 G8 G9 G10 G11
F F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 F6 F7 F8 F9 F10 F11
E E1 E2 E3 E4 E5 E6 E7 E8 E9 E10 E11
D D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 D8 D9 D10 D11
C C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 C8 C9 C10 C11
B B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 B6 B7 B8 B9 B10 B11
A A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8 A9 A10 A11
99.8 99.8

 Now point out the grid lines by which 99.900-meter contour line is passed.
 Now calculate the distance for passes the contour lines from the grid.
 Point out these points on the grid.
 Now, there are totally 3 contour lines will be draw.
 Connect all the marked point

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
K K1 K2 K3 K4 K5 K6 K7 K8 K9 K10 K11
J J1 J2 J3 J4 J5 J6 J7 J8 J9 J10 J11
I I1 I2 I3 I4 I5 I6 I7 I8 I9 I10 I11
H H1 H2 H3 H4 H5 H6 H7 H8 H9 H10 H11
G G1 G2 G3 G4 G5 G6 G7 G8 G9 G10 G11
F F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 F6 F7 F8 F9 F10 F11
E E1 E2 E3 E4 E5 E6 E7 E8 E9 E10 E11
D D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 D8 D9 D10 D11
C C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 C8 C9 C10 C11
B B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 B6 B7 B8 B9 B10 B11
A A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8 A9 A10 A11
 After connect all these, you will get three 99.900-meter contour line on the grid.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
99.9 99.9
99.9
K K1 K2 K3 K4 K5 K6 K7 K8 K9 K10 K11
J J1 J2 J3 J4 J5 J6 J7 J8 J9 J10 J11
I I1 I2 I3 I4 I5 I6 I7 I8 I9 I10 I11
H H1 H2 H3 H4 H5 H6 H7 H8 H9 H10 H11
G G1 G2 G3 G4 G5 G6 G7 G8 G9 G10 G11
99.9
F F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 F6 F7 F8 F9 F10 F11
E E1 E2 E3 E4 E5 E6 E7 E8 E9 E10 E11
99.9
D D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 D8 D9 D10 D11
C C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 C8 C9 C10 C11
B B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 B6 B7 B8 B9 B10 B11
A A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8 A9 A10 A11
99.9 99.9

Repeat all the above process for draw the 99.700-meter contour lines.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
K K1 K2 K3 K4 K5 K6 K7 K8 K9 K10 K11
J J1 J2 J3 J4 J5 J6 J7 J8 J9 J10 J11
I I1 I2 I3 I4 I5 I6 I7 I8 I9 I10 I11
H H1 H2 H3 H4 H5 H6 H7 H8 H9 H10 H11
G G1 G2 G3 G4 G5 G6 G7 G8 G9 G10 G11
F F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 F6 F7 F8 F9 F10 F11
E E1 E2 E3 E4 E5 E6 E7 E8 E9 E10 E11
D D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 D8 D9 D10 D11
C C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 C8 C9 C10 C11
B B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 B6 B7 B8 B9 B10 B11
A A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8 A9 A10 A11

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
K K1 K2 K3 K4 K5 K6 K7 K8 K9 K10 K11
J J1 J2 J3 J4 J5 J6 J7 J8 J9 J10 J11
I I1 I2 I3 I4 I5 I6 I7 I8 I9 I10 I11
99.7
H H1 H2 H3 H4 H5 H6 H7 H8 H9 H10 H11
G G1 G2 G3 G4 G5 G6 G7 G8 G9 G10 G11
F F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 F6 F7 F8 F9 F10 F11
E E1 E2 E3 E4 E5 E6 E7 E8 E9 E10 E11
D D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 D8 D9 D10 D11
C C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 C8 C9 C10 C11
B B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 B6 B7 B8 B9 B10 B11
A A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8 A9 A10 A11

Repeat all the above process for draw the 100.00-meter contour lines.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
K K1 K2 K3 K4 K5 K6 K7 K8 K9 K10 K11
J J1 J2 J3 J4 J5 J6 J7 J8 J9 J10 J11
I I1 I2 I3 I4 I5 I6 I7 I8 I9 I10 I11
H H1 H2 H3 H4 H5 H6 H7 H8 H9 H10 H11
G G1 G2 G3 G4 G5 G6 G7 G8 G9 G10 G11
F F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 F6 F7 F8 F9 F10 F11
E E1 E2 E3 E4 E5 E6 E7 E8 E9 E10 E11
D D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 D8 D9 D10 D11
C C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 C8 C9 C10 C11
B B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 B6 B7 B8 B9 B10 B11
A A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8 A9 A10 A11

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
100.0
K K1 K2 K3 K4 K5 K6 K7 K8 K9 K 10 K 11
J J1 J2 J3 J4 J5 J6 J7 J8 J9 J10 J11
I I1 I2 I3 I4 I5 I6 I7 I8 I9 I10 I11
H H1 H2 H3 H4 H5 H6 H7 H8 H9 H 10 H 11
G G1 G2 G3 G4 G5 G6 G7 G8 G9 G 10 G 11
F F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 F6 F7 F8 F9 F 10 F 11
E E1 E2 E3 E4 E5 E6 E7 E8 E9 E 10 E 11
100.0
D D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 D8 D9 D 10 D 11
C100.0 C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 C8 C9 C 10 C 11
B B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 B6 B7 B8 B9 B 10 B 11
A A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8 A9 A 10 A 11
100.0 100.0 100.0
RESULT: -
 Now draw all the contour lines on the plan.
 Make a complete contour plan of the site.
 Draw all the contour lines on the plan.
1 2 3 4 599.8 6 7 8 9 1099.911
99.9 9 9.9 100.0
99.8
K K1 K2 K3 K4 K5 K6 K7 K8 K9 K 10 K 11
J J1 J2 J3 J4 J5 J6 J7 J8 J9 J10 J11
I I1 I2 I3 I4 I5 I6 I7 I8 I9 I10 I11
99.7
H H1 H2 H3 H4 H5 H6 H7 H8 H9 H 10 H11
G G1 G2 G3 G4 G5 G6 G7 G8 G9 G 10 G 11
99.9
F F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 F6 F7 F8 F9 F10 F1 1
E E1 E2 E3 E4 E5 E6 E7 E8 E9 E 10 E 11
99.9
1 00.0
D D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 D8 D9 D 10 D 11
C10 0.0 C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 C8 C9 C 10 C 11
B B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 B6 B7 B8 B9 B 10 B 11
A A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8 A9 A 10 A 11
100.0 99.8 100.0
99.9 99.8
99.9 100.0

99.9 99.9 99.8 99.9 100.0
99.8
99.7
99.9
99.9
100.0
100.0
100.0 99.8 100.0

99.9 99.8
99.9 100.0
-: Final site plan with contour lines: -

WHAT WE LEARNT: -
A contour line is a line that connects points of equal elevation. Grid survey is usually carried out in
order to have an accurate record of the existing conditions of a portion of flat land surface that is about
to undergo some type of construction activity.
Then the all the students were divided into three groups at different stations. Students who had a good
observing dumpy level skill took reading at both stations.
The indirect method of grid contour survey was adopted. In this method, 100m*100m area was plotted
and guide points were selected along of 10m lines and their elevations were found.
The points were then plotted and contours were then drawn by interpolation. While interpolating, it
was assumed that slope between any two adjacent guide points to be uniform.
The contour lines were drawn by interpolation. The method is used when the area to be surveyed is
small and the ground is not undulating. At each line, at 10m, the elevations were collected. At all the
lines, total 121 readings were taken.
The elevation at the corner of the square was then determined by means of a level and a staff. Then,
students took reading by the dumpy level for Computing distances and elevations of earthwork of their
station.

CONCLUSION: -
In conclusion, the exercise had achieved its aims, since the difference in elevation from point to point
were determine and as a student, I was able to know how to read the staff from the level and conduct a
levelling exercise.
So, by this contouring and contour map plays a vital role in for any types of engineering work. So, it is
important for us to gain more knowledge in this field to serve in coming future.
By going the grid contour survey map can be drawn, so that one can select most economical or suitable
site for Construction.

REFERENCES
1. Surveying” by Bannister A and Raymond S

2. “Surveying” by Punmia B C
3. “Engineering Survey” by Schofield W
4. “Plane and Geodetic Surveying” by Clark D
5. “Introduction to Surveying” by James
6. “What was that Formula? Surveying Formulas (Surveying Mathematics Made Simple) (Volume
11)” by Jim Crume
7. “Surveying: Principles and Applications” by Barry Kavanagh and Tom Mastin
8. “Elementary Surveying” by Charles D Ghilani and Paul R Wolf
9. “Schaum’s Outline of Introductory Surveying (Schaum’s)” by Roy Wirshing and James Wirshing
10. “Surveying Fundamentals and Practices” by Jerry A Nathanson
11. "Definition of contour line | Dictionary.com". www.dictionary.com. Retrieved 2022-04-04.
12. "Definition of CONTOUR MAP". www.merriam-webster.com. Retrieved 2022-04-04.
13. Tracy, John C. Plane Surveying; A Text-Book and Pocket Manual. New York: J. Wiley & Sons,
1907. p. 337.

APPENDIX

1 - ADITYA Project Report

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1 - ADITYA Project Report

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DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

GRID CONTOUR SURVEY Page 1

Aditya Saxena (19045004)

Mr. Mahavir Singh Rawat Mr. Mahavir Singh Rawat

Mr. Mahavir Singh Rawat

GRID CONTOUR SURVEY Page 2

NO. CONTENT PAGE NO.

5- APPLICATION OF CONTOUR SURVEYING IN CIVIL ENGINEERING 6

8- CHARACTERISTICS OF CONTOUR LINES 10

10- THE CONTOUR DEPENDS UPON THE FOLLOWING FACTORS 11

11- CHARACTERISTICS OF CONTOURS 11

12- INSTRUMENTS USED IN CONTOUR SURVEY 12

13- SITE OF SURVEY 17

15- DATA AND ANALYSIS 22

16- PLOTTING OF A CONTOUR MAP 26

17- PLOT CONTOUR LINES 27

19- WHAT WE LEARNT 39

GRID CONTOUR SURVEY Page 3

GRID CONTOUR SURVEY Page 4

GRID CONTOUR SURVEY Page 5

DIRECT METHOD OF CONTOURING: -

GRID CONTOUR SURVEY Page 6

INDIRECT METHOD OF CONTOURING: -

GRID CONTOUR SURVEY Page 7

D. PLANE TABLE METHOD: -

GRID CONTOUR SURVEY Page 8

GRID CONTOUR SURVEY Page 9

GRID CONTOUR SURVEY Page 10

GRID CONTOUR SURVEY Page 11

INSTRUMENTS USED IN CONTOUR SURVEY: -

GRID CONTOUR SURVEY Page 12

GRID CONTOUR SURVEY Page 13

GRID CONTOUR SURVEY Page 14

GRID CONTOUR SURVEY Page 16

GRID CONTOUR SURVEY Page 17

5. Setup the auto level in the ground.

GRID CONTOUR SURVEY Page 19

Now change the position of instrument.

GRID CONTOUR SURVEY Page 20

18. Suppose the R.L of A1 is 100m.

DATA AND ANALYSIS: -

GRID CONTOUR SURVEY Page 22

GRID CONTOUR SURVEY Page 23

GRID CONTOUR SURVEY Page 24

GRID CONTOUR SURVEY Page 25

-: R.L OF DIFFERENT POINTS: -

PLOTTING OF A CONTOUR MAP: -

GRID CONTOUR SURVEY Page 26

GRID CONTOUR SURVEY Page 27

 For H6 and I6 line: -

GRID CONTOUR SURVEY Page 28

GRID CONTOUR SURVEY Page 29

 For A8 and B8 line: -

GRID CONTOUR SURVEY Page 30

GRID CONTOUR SURVEY Page 31

3. Now mark all the points on the grid.

GRID CONTOUR SURVEY Page 32

2. For 99.900-meter contour line: -

GRID CONTOUR SURVEY Page 33

GRID CONTOUR SURVEY Page 34

3. For 99.700-meter contour line: -