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1 - ADITYA Project Report
1 - ADITYA Project Report
PROJECT REPORT
ON
“GRID CONTOUR
SURVEY”
Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of
Diploma in
“Civil Engineering”
May 2022
Ref: Date:
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that Project report entitled “Grid Contour Survey” Submitted by
“Aditya Saxena (19045004)” Students of "Diploma" Civil Engineering Department of
IFTM UNIVERSITY MORADABAD is a record work carried out my guidance and
supervision. The material embodied in this Project report is original and has not been
submitted by me for the award of any other degree of any other university.
This is to certify that the above statement made by the candidate is correct to the best
of my knowledge.
Certified that the above-mentioned Project report has been duly carried out as per the
norms of the college and statutes of the university.
1- ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 4
2- INTRODUCTION 5
PURPOSE OF CONTOUR SURVEY
3- 5
4- OBJECTIVE OF CONTOURING 6
6- METHODS OF CONTOURING 6
7- CONTOUR LINE 9
9- CONTOUR INTERVAL 10
14- PROCEDURE 19
18- RESULT 37
20- CONCLUSION 40
21- REFERENCES 41
22- APPENDIX 42
We have made this Project report file on the topic “Grid Contour Survey” We have tried my best to
elucidate all the relevant detail to the topic to be included in the report. While in the beginning we have
tried to give a general view about this topic. My efforts and wholehearted co-corporation of each one
has ended on a successful note. We express my sincere gratitude to “Mr. Mahavir Singh Rawat”
who assisting me throughout the preparation of this topic. We thank him for providing me the
reinforcement, confidence and most importantly the track for the topic whenever we needed it. I would
like to thank Mr. Rajbahadur Sir for his motivation and help, which contributed tremendously to the
successful completion of the project.
SUBMITTED BY
Aditya Saxena (19045004)
Diploma CE 6th Semester
Department of Civil Engineering
University Polytechnic
Date: ………………….
INTRODUCTION:
Contouring in surveying is the determination of elevation of various points on the land and fixing these
points of same horizontal positions in the contour map.
In the land property world, a contour is an outline of a mass of land. Main objective of conducting
contour surveys is to identify any noticeable difference in elevation of the existing land. In land
surveying a contour map is a map illustrated with contour lines, for example a topographic map, which
thus shows valleys and hills, and the steepness or gentleness of slopes.
Contouring in surveying is the determination of elevation of various points on the ground and fixing
these points of same horizontal positions in the contour map. To exercise vertical control leveling work
is carried out and simultaneously to exercise horizontal control chain survey or compass survey or
plane table survey is to be carried out. If the theodolite is used, both horizontal and vertical controls
can be achieved from the same instrument. It also an Imaginary line on the ground surface joining the
points of equal elevation is known as contour. In other words, Contour is a line in which the ground
surface is intersected by a level surface obtained by joining points of equal elevation. This line on the
map represents a contour and is called Contour line. A map showing Contour Lines is known as
Contour Map.
The purpose of leveling is to obtain measurements of differences in elevation of various points that are
not vertically above each other. Relative heights of various points on the map can be represented by
many methods and one of them is contouring.
Contour is a line passing through points of known elevation or reduced level. The method of locating
contours in a plan or map is known as contouring.
PURPOSE OF CONTOUR SURVEY: -
Our main purpose for this survey is to be familiar with field environment and to get practical
knowledge of surveying and use of its instruments in field. Also, in 4th semester subject like
Surveying requires knowledge about how different instruments are used in the field. The main purpose
of preparation of contour is drawing of sections, determination of inter-visibility between two points,
tracing of contour gradients, location of route, measurement of drainage area and calculation of
reservoir capacity. A contour survey is a line that connects points of equal elevation. Contour survey is
usually carried out in order to have an accurate record of the existing conditions of a portion of land
that is about to undergo some type of construction activity.
METHODS OF CONTOURING: -
There are two methods of Contouring.
1. Direct method
2. Indirect method
A. METHOD OF SQUARES: -
This is also called as co-ordinate method of locating contours. The entire area is divided into squares
or rectangles forming a grid. The elevations of corners are determined and the required contours are
interpolated.
This method is very suitable for a small open area where contours are required at a lose vertical
interval. This is also suitable for large-scale mapping.
C. TACHEOMETRIC METHOD: -
This is practically suitable for hilly areas and all places where plane table surveying is impractical. The
elevations and distances are calculated from the observed data and contours are interpolated.
CONTOUR INTERVAL: -
The constant vertical distance between any two consecutive contours is called the contour interval.
We should use a constant contour interval through a map. The variable contour interval gives a false
impression of the relative steepness of the surface in different parts of the map.
The horizontal distance between the two adjacent contours is called horizontal equivalent. It depends
on the slope of the ground.
For projects such as Highways & Railways = 2.0 m
For Earth Works, Building Sites, Dams, City Survey = 0.5 m
Geological Surveys = 6 – 15 m
CHARACTERISTICS OF CONTOURS: -
If contours are parallel and spacing between them is al
also
so constant then it shows a uniform slope.
Closely spaced contour represents a steep slope and distant contours represent generally mild
slope.
Closed contours (loop) represents either a hill or a pond. For a hill, readings increase toward the
centre and for
or a pond, it decreases towards the centre.
Two contours of different elevation neither touch nor cross each other. (Exception: Vertical cliff &
overhanging cliff)
For fence builders, foundation installers, deck builders, swimming pool builders, landscaping pros,
home builders, roadwork jobs, and excavations, etc the auto level is a great instrument for surveying.
In the auto level, the telescope is fixed to its supports and for approximate leveling circular spirit can
be attached to the side of the telescope, and compensator is attached inside the telescope for more
accurate leveling. To level automatically, the compensator can help the instrument and consist of two
fixed prisms and it creates an optical path between objective and eyepiece.
The compensator results in the optical system to swing into the exact position of the line of sight
automatically due to the action of gravity but compensator should be checked before the process of
leveling.
2. LEVEL STAFF: -
Levelling rods can be one piece, but many are sectional and can be shortened for storage and transport
or lengthened for use. Aluminum rods may be shortened by telescoping sections inside each other,
while wooden rod sections can be attached to each other with sliding connections or slip joints, or
hinged to fold when not in use.
There are many types of rods, with names that identify the form of the graduations and other
characteristics. Markings can be in imperial or metric units. Some rods are graduated on one side only
while others are marked on both sides. If marked on both sides, the markings can be identical or can
have imperial units on one side and metric on the other.
3. TRIPOD STAND: -
A tripod is typically used with a leveling instrument, grade rod, laser pole and level detector. Tripods
are portable and provide support and stability along both the side-to-side and up-and-down axis of
motion.
4. TAPE: -
A tape measure or measuring tape is a flexible ruler used to measure size or distance.
It consists of a ribbon of cloth, plastic, fiber glass, or metal strip with linear measurement markings. It
is a common measuring tool. Its design allows for a measure of great length to be easily carried in
pocket or toolkit and permits one to measure around curves or corners. Today it is ubiquitous, even
GRID CONTOUR SURVEY Page 15
appearing in miniature form as a keychain fob, or novelty item. Surveyors use tape measures in lengths
of over 100 m
5. RANGING ROD: -
A ranging rod (or range rod) is a surveying instrument used for marking the position of stations, and
for sightings of those stations, as well as for ranging straight lines. Initially these were made of light,
thin and straight bamboo, or of well seasoned wood such as teak, pine or deodar. They were shod with
iron at the bottom and surmounted with a flag about 250 mm square in size. [2] Nowadays they are
made of wood, metal, or fiberglass.
The rods are usually about 30 mm in diameter and 2 m or 3 m long, painted with alternating bands,
such as red and white, red, and yellow, or black and white, in lengths of 200 mm (i.e., one link length
of metric chain), 500 mm, or one foot. These colors are used so that the rod can be properly sighted in
case of long distance or bad weather. Ranging rods of greater length, e.g., 3 to 6 m, are called ranging
or range poles, and are used for very long survey lines. Another type of ranging rod is known as an
offset rod, which has no flag at the top. It is used for measuring small offsets from the survey line
when the work is of an ordinary nature.
6. CROSS STAFF: -
To measure altitude or the distance of an object above sea level or the horizon the cross-staff is used
and it is an early navigational tool. For measuring the altitude of the sun and for finding the latitude by
measuring the altitude of the polar star, the instrument was mainly used.
SITE OF SURVEY: -
Contour Survey is done in the football ground of IFTM UNIVERSITY.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
K K1 K2 K3 K4 K5 K6 K7 K8 K9 K10 K11
J J1 J2 J3 J4 J5 J6 J7 J8 J9 J10 J11
I I1 I2 I3 I4 I5 I6 I7 I8 I9 I10 I11
H H1 H2 H3 H4 H5 H6 H7 H8 H9 H10 H11
G G1 G2 G3 G4 G5 G6 G7 G8 G9 G10 G11
100
F F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 F6 F7 F8 F9 F10 F11
E E1 E2 E3 E4 E5 E6 E7 E8 E9 E10 E11
D D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 D8 D9 D10 D11
C C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 C8 C9 C10 C11
B B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 B6 B7 B8 B9 B10 B11
A 10
A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8 A9 A10 A11
10
100
K 99.875 99.890 99.925 99.875 99.810 99.745 99.700 99.760 99.740 99.760 100.145
J 99.870 99.915 99.915 99.875 99.825 99.730 99.730 99.755 99.730 99.735 100.100
I 99.880 99.865 99.890 99.840 99.830 99.785 99.780 99.760 99.780 99.685 100.060
H 99.840 99.870 99.895 99.815 99.865 99.810 99.765 99.770 99.715 99.680 100.015
G 99.865 99.880 99.895 99.830 99.870 99.770 99.780 99.805 99.755 99.680 99.975
F 99.870 99.880 99.905 99.885 99.890 99.825 99.805 99.800 99.725 99.720 100.005
E 99.860 99.900 99.890 99.885 99.885 99.820 99.790 99.740 99.710 99.730 100.005
D 99.910 99.950 99.900 99.920 99.855 99.835 99.770 99.770 99.795 99.705 99.985
C 99.975 99.985 99.980 99.985 99.880 99.845 99.790 99.785 99.825 99.720 99.935
B 100.000 99.930 99.945 99.945 99.915 99.870 99.805 99.775 99.785 99.805 99.900
A 100.00 100.015 99.985 100.010 99.975 99.930 99.840 99.805 99.770 100.065 99.840
K K1 K2 K3 K4 K5 K6 K7 K8 K9 K10 K11
J J1 J2 J3 J4 J5 J6 J7 J8 J9 J10 J11
I I1 I2 I3 I4 I5 I6 I7 I8 I9 I10 I11
H H1 H2 H3 H4 H5 H6 H7 H8 H9 H10 H11
G G1 G2 G3 G4 G5 G6 G7 G8 G9 G10 G11
F F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 F6 F7 F8 F9 F10 F11
E E1 E2 E3 E4 E5 E6 E7 E8 E9 E10 E11
D D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 D8 D9 D10 D11
C C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 C8 C9 C10 C11
B B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 B6 B7 B8 B9 B10 B11
A A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8 A9 A10 A11
1 2 3 4 599.8 6 7 8 9 10 11
K K1 K2 K3 K4 K5 K6 K7 K8 K9 K10 K11
J J1 J2 J3 J4 J5 J6 J7 J8 J9 J10 J11
I I1 I2 I3 I4 I5 I6 I7 I8 I9 I10 I11
H H1 H2 H3 H4 H5 H6 H7 H8 H9 H10 H11
G G1 G2 G3 G4 G5 G6 G7 G8 G9 G10 G11
F F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 F6 F7 F8 F9 F10 F11
E E1 E2 E3 E4 E5 E6 E7 E8 E9 E10 E11
D D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 D8 D9 D10 D11
C C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 C8 C9 C10 C11
B B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 B6 B7 B8 B9 B10 B11
A A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8 A9 A10 A11
99.8
1 2 3 4 599.8 6 7 8 9 10 11
K K1 K2 K3 K4 K5 K6 K7 K8 K9 K10 K11
J J1 J2 J3 J4 J5 J6 J7 J8 J9 J10 J11
I I1 I2 I3 I4 I5 I6 I7 I8 I9 I10 I11
H H1 H2 H3 H4 H5 H6 H7 H8 H9 H10 H11
G G1 G2 G3 G4 G5 G6 G7 G8 G9 G10 G11
F F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 F6 F7 F8 F9 F10 F11
E E1 E2 E3 E4 E5 E6 E7 E8 E9 E10 E11
D D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 D8 D9 D10 D11
C C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 C8 C9 C10 C11
B B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 B6 B7 B8 B9 B10 B11
A A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8 A9 A10 A11
99.8
J J1 J2 J3 J4 J5 J6 J7 J8 J9 J10 J11
I I1 I2 I3 I4 I5 I6 I7 I8 I9 I10 I11
H H1 H2 H3 H4 H5 H6 H7 H8 H9 H10 H11
G G1 G2 G3 G4 G5 G6 G7 G8 G9 G10 G11
F F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 F6 F7 F8 F9 F10 F11
E E1 E2 E3 E4 E5 E6 E7 E8 E9 E10 E11
D D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 D8 D9 D10 D11
C C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 C8 C9 C10 C11
B B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 B6 B7 B8 B9 B10 B11
A A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8 A9 A10 A11
99.8 99.8
K K1 K2 K3 K4 K5 K6 K7 K8 K9 K10 K11
J J1 J2 J3 J4 J5 J6 J7 J8 J9 J10 J11
I I1 I2 I3 I4 I5 I6 I7 I8 I9 I10 I11
H H1 H2 H3 H4 H5 H6 H7 H8 H9 H10 H11
G G1 G2 G3 G4 G5 G6 G7 G8 G9 G10 G11
F F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 F6 F7 F8 F9 F10 F11
E E1 E2 E3 E4 E5 E6 E7 E8 E9 E10 E11
D D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 D8 D9 D10 D11
C C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 C8 C9 C10 C11
B B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 B6 B7 B8 B9 B10 B11
A A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8 A9 A10 A11
After connect all these, you will get three 99.900-meter contour line on the grid.
J J1 J2 J3 J4 J5 J6 J7 J8 J9 J10 J11
I I1 I2 I3 I4 I5 I6 I7 I8 I9 I10 I11
H H1 H2 H3 H4 H5 H6 H7 H8 H9 H10 H11
G G1 G2 G3 G4 G5 G6 G7 G8 G9 G10 G11
99.9
F F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 F6 F7 F8 F9 F10 F11
E E1 E2 E3 E4 E5 E6 E7 E8 E9 E10 E11
99.9
D D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 D8 D9 D10 D11
C C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 C8 C9 C10 C11
B B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 B6 B7 B8 B9 B10 B11
A A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8 A9 A10 A11
99.9 99.9
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
K K1 K2 K3 K4 K5 K6 K7 K8 K9 K10 K11
J J1 J2 J3 J4 J5 J6 J7 J8 J9 J10 J11
I I1 I2 I3 I4 I5 I6 I7 I8 I9 I10 I11
H H1 H2 H3 H4 H5 H6 H7 H8 H9 H10 H11
G G1 G2 G3 G4 G5 G6 G7 G8 G9 G10 G11
F F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 F6 F7 F8 F9 F10 F11
E E1 E2 E3 E4 E5 E6 E7 E8 E9 E10 E11
D D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 D8 D9 D10 D11
C C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 C8 C9 C10 C11
B B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 B6 B7 B8 B9 B10 B11
A A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8 A9 A10 A11
K K1 K2 K3 K4 K5 K6 K7 K8 K9 K10 K11
J J1 J2 J3 J4 J5 J6 J7 J8 J9 J10 J11
I I1 I2 I3 I4 I5 I6 I7 I8 I9 I10 I11
99.7
H H1 H2 H3 H4 H5 H6 H7 H8 H9 H10 H11
G G1 G2 G3 G4 G5 G6 G7 G8 G9 G10 G11
F F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 F6 F7 F8 F9 F10 F11
E E1 E2 E3 E4 E5 E6 E7 E8 E9 E10 E11
D D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 D8 D9 D10 D11
C C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 C8 C9 C10 C11
B B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 B6 B7 B8 B9 B10 B11
A A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8 A9 A10 A11
K K1 K2 K3 K4 K5 K6 K7 K8 K9 K10 K11
J J1 J2 J3 J4 J5 J6 J7 J8 J9 J10 J11
I I1 I2 I3 I4 I5 I6 I7 I8 I9 I10 I11
H H1 H2 H3 H4 H5 H6 H7 H8 H9 H10 H11
G G1 G2 G3 G4 G5 G6 G7 G8 G9 G10 G11
F F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 F6 F7 F8 F9 F10 F11
E E1 E2 E3 E4 E5 E6 E7 E8 E9 E10 E11
D D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 D8 D9 D10 D11
C C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 C8 C9 C10 C11
B B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 B6 B7 B8 B9 B10 B11
A A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8 A9 A10 A11
J J1 J2 J3 J4 J5 J6 J7 J8 J9 J10 J11
I I1 I2 I3 I4 I5 I6 I7 I8 I9 I10 I11
H H1 H2 H3 H4 H5 H6 H7 H8 H9 H 10 H 11
G G1 G2 G3 G4 G5 G6 G7 G8 G9 G 10 G 11
F F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 F6 F7 F8 F9 F 10 F 11
E E1 E2 E3 E4 E5 E6 E7 E8 E9 E 10 E 11
100.0
D D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 D8 D9 D 10 D 11
C100.0 C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 C8 C9 C 10 C 11
B B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 B6 B7 B8 B9 B 10 B 11
A A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8 A9 A 10 A 11
100.0 100.0 100.0
RESULT: -
Now draw all the contour lines on the plan.
Make a complete contour plan of the site.
Draw all the contour lines on the plan.
1 2 3 4 599.8 6 7 8 9 1099.911
99.9 9 9.9 100.0
99.8
K K1 K2 K3 K4 K5 K6 K7 K8 K9 K 10 K 11
J J1 J2 J3 J4 J5 J6 J7 J8 J9 J10 J11
I I1 I2 I3 I4 I5 I6 I7 I8 I9 I10 I11
99.7
H H1 H2 H3 H4 H5 H6 H7 H8 H9 H 10 H11
G G1 G2 G3 G4 G5 G6 G7 G8 G9 G 10 G 11
99.9
F F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 F6 F7 F8 F9 F10 F1 1
E E1 E2 E3 E4 E5 E6 E7 E8 E9 E 10 E 11
99.9
1 00.0
D D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 D8 D9 D 10 D 11
C10 0.0 C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 C8 C9 C 10 C 11
B B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 B6 B7 B8 B9 B 10 B 11
A A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8 A9 A 10 A 11
100.0 99.8 100.0
99.9 99.8
99.9 100.0
99.7
99.9
99.9
100.0
100.0