Independent Tang Soo Do Association: Yu Gup Ja Training Manual

Independent Tang Soo Do
Association
YU GUP JA
TRAINING MANUAL
© Copyright South Hills Karate Academy (Gene Garbowsky)
No part of this document may be reproduced, copied or distributed
without express permission from Master Gene Garbowsky
Published May, 2013

A Message from Sa Bom Nim Gene Garbowsky,
Kwan Jang Nim, Independent Tang Soo Do Association
As a member of the Independent Tang Soo Do Association, I hope that you will come to re-
alize the benefits of training in Tang Soo Do. As you may know, I have been teaching this
Martial Art to hundreds of students over the past 30 years. I truly believe that every man,
women, and child can benefit in many ways from practicing Martial Arts and Tang Soo Do.
What are Martial Arts? It is the name given to the traditional systems of self-defense that
have been practiced in Eastern and Western societies for thousands of years. Masters of
the ancient Martial Arts ultimately discovered that mastery of the body comes through mas-
tery of the mind. Therefore, the practice of Martial Arts is a way to a more fulfilling life. It is a
path to freedom from self-confinement and the ultimate goal to mental and physical har-
mony.
Martial Arts training can absolutely change a
person physically, psychologically, and emo-
tionally in a very positive way. Regular physi-
cal activity energizes the body, and since
martial arts are based on natural law, the
body can quickly reach top conditioning.
Once physical changes develop, they soon
lead to the mental and emotional improve-
ments that many seek through the martial
arts. Increased strength, loss of body fat, and
improved coordination can all lead to an im-
proved self-image.
However, progress can be a difficult journey.
It requires hard work and determination.
Through the martial arts, children and adults Sa Bom Nim Garbowsky
learn how to handle hard work and how to go for-
ward when one would rather give up. This is the greatest value of martial arts and it is a
journey and an education that can change your life and last a lifetime!
Warm Regards,
Master Gene Garbowsky

6th Dan Tang Soo Do
Kwan Jang Nim
Independent Tang Soo Do Assoc. 2
Table of Contents
History of Tang Soo Do ..................................................................... 4

About Kwan Jang Nim Garbowsky ................................................. 6
The Independent Tang Soo Do Association ................................... 9
The Flag of The Independent Tang Soo Do Association ............ 10
Association Student Guidelines .....................................................11
Tang Soo Do Ten Articles of Faith ..................................................11
The Purpose Of The Independent Tang Soo Do Association..... 12
The Association’s Responsibilities of Students .......................... 12
Responsibilities of Dan (Midnight Blue Belts) Members ............ 12
The Rules of the Dojang ................................................................. 13
Class Time Rules ............................................................................. 14
The Tang Soo Do Uniform .............................................................. 15
Practicing Outside of the Dojang .................................................. 15
The Role of Flexibility ..................................................................... 16
The Belt System of The Association ............................................. 17
How To Tie The Belt or Dee (Korean) ............................................ 19
Tang Soo Do Terminology and Culture ......................................... 20
Traditional Hyung of Tang Soo Do ................................................ 28
Independent Tang Soo Do Association Hyung Set ..................... 30
Bunhae Ki Sul .................................................................................. 34
Kicho Hyung Ill Bu........................................................................... 33
Gup Combinations .......................................................................... 42
Advanced Red Belt Combinations ................................................ 43
Sam Gup Dae Ryun ......................................................................... 44
Children’s Long Distance Sparring ............................................... 45
Gup Testing Requirements............................................................. 46
3
History of Tang Soo Do
Tang Soo Do is a Korean martial art and thus can trace its lineage
back almost 2,000 years. The ancestral Martial Arts of Korea can
be traced back to the period when Korea was divided into three
kingdoms:
Goguryeo was founded in 37 BC in northern Korea. The Silla Dy-

nasty was founded in 57 BC in the southeast peninsula. The third
kingdom, Paekche was founded in 18 BC.
After a long series of wars, the Silla Dynasty united the three king-
doms in 668 AD. During this period, the primitive martial arts were
very popular as a method of self-defense in warfare. This is evi-
dent in the many mural paintings, ruins, and remains, which depict Tang Soo Do practice in
those days. Among the three kingdoms, the Silla Dynasty was most famous for its develop-
ment of martial arts. A group of young aristocrats who were called "Hwa Rang Dan" was
the major force behind the development of the art. These warriors were instrumental in uni-
fying the Korean peninsula under the new Silla Dynasty (668 AD - 935 AD). Many of the
early leaders of that dynasty were originally members of the Hwa Rang Dan. Most Korean
martial arts trace their spiritual and technical heritage to this group. In fact, the names of
some martial arts such as Hwa Rang Do or Hwa Soo Do, still reflect this origination.
The united Silla Kingdom was ultimately overthrown by a warlord, Wang Kun, in 918 AD.
The new kingdom, "Koryo", lasted for 475 years (918 AD - 1392 AD). In 1392, the Yi Dy-
nasty succeeded the Koryo kingdom. The Yi Dynasty remained intact for 500 years. During
the 1000 year period of the Koryo Kingdom and the Yi Dynasty, Tang Soo Do became very
popular within the military. The art also became very popular with the general public. Dur-
ing this period, Tang Soo Do was referred to as Kwon Bop, Tae Kyun, Soo Bahk, Tang Soo
and others. The first complete Martial Arts book was written at this time. This most impor-
tant book is called "Mooyae Dobo Tangji". It was written in 1790 and contained illustrations
that substantiated the theory that Tang Soo Do (formally called "Soo Bahk Ki") had quickly
developed into a very sophisticated art of combat techniques.
Tang Soo Do, as it exists today, is comprised of a combination of three major styles: Yang
Tai Chi Chuan, Northern China and Southern China Kung Fu, combined with the Okinawan/
Japanese discipline of Karate. In fact, Tang Soo Do is the Korean pronunciation of the
Hanja characters 唐手道 which is translated as “Way of the T’ang (China) Hand. In Japa-
nese these characters mean Karate-do. Currently, Japanese Karate-do is written as 空手道
The Japanese pronunciation of both sets of characters is the same, but the newer version
means "Way of the Empty Hand" rather than "Way of the T'ang Hand".
4
Virtually every Tang Soo Do School either affiliated with a large organization such as South
Hills Karate Academy can trace it’s lineage back to the Moo Duk Kwan1 (Institute of Martial
Virtue). The Moo Duk Kwan, one of five original schools or “Kwans”, was founded around
1945 by Grandmaster Hwang Kee and it’s history is very unique. The original Kwans and
their founders were the Chung Do Kwan (LEE, Won Kuk), Jidokwan (CHUN, Sang Sup),
Chang Moo Kwan (YOON, Byung In), Moo Duk Kwan (Hwang Kee), and Song Moo Kwan
(ROH, Byung Jick). Most of these schools called the Martial Art they were teaching Tang
Soo Do or Kong Soo Do. Around 1953, shortly after the Korean War, four more annex
Kwans formed. These 2nd generation Kwans and their principle founders were; Oh Do
Kwan (CHOI, Hong Hi & NAM, Tae Hi), Han Moo Kwan (LEE, Kyo Yoon), Kang Duk Kwan
(PARK, Chul Hee & Hong Jong Pyo) and Jung Do Kwan (LEE, Young Woo).
In 1955, these Kwans were ordered to unify by South Korea's President Syngman Rhee. A
governmental body selected a naming committee's submission of "Taekwondo" as the
name. In 1959, the Korean Taekwondo Association (KTA) was formed in an attempt to
unify the dozens of the kwans as one standardized system of Taekwondo. The first interna-
tional tour of Taekwondo, by General CHOI, Hong Hi, and NAM, Tae Hi founder of the Oh
Do Kwan (founded 1953-54), and 19 black belts, was held in 1959. Despite this unification
effort, the kwans continued to teach their individual styles. The Korean government or-
dered a single organization be created, and on September 16, 1961, the kwans agreed to
unify under the name Korea Tae Soo Do Association (which changed its name back to the
Korean Taekwondo Association when Choi became its president in August 1965). History
tells us that the Moo Duk Kwan pulled out of the unification efforts to remain independent
and to distance itself from the sporting aspects of Taekwando.
In 1995 the Moo Duk Kwan changed the name of the system taught in their organization to
Soo Bahk Do, no longer using the name of Tang Soo Do. Whereas Tang Soo Do has been
associated with the Moo Duk Kwan since 1945, schools who are not chartered members of
the Moo Duk Kwan are no longer permitted to refer to the style of Martial Art as Tang Soo
Do Moo Duk Kwan. This has not stopped the development of Tang Soo Do. Tang Soo Do
continues to evolve and grow, and in the last two decades has emerged as one of the most
popular Martial Arts in the world today. True martial arts lovers desired to continue the pur-
suit of traditional martial arts because Taekwondo had to abandon many valuable aspects
of true martial arts to become a competitive sport. Tang Soo Do practitioners strive to
maintain traditional values of respect, discipline, self-control, self-improvement, etiquette,
and ultimately live a healthy and harmonious life, physically and mentally.
The Association can trace its lineage back to the original Moo Duk Kwan through its instruc-
tor Master Gene Garbowsky (ITF#26272), back through his two previous instructors, Kwan
Jang Andrew Ah Po (#10187), founder of The Tang Soo Do Martial Way Association, as well
as Master Garbowsky’s original instructor, Kwan Jang Nim Chun Sik Kim (#915), founder of
the International Tang Soo Do Federation1.
5
The Independent Tang Soo Do Association offers instruction in other disciplines as well.
These include, grappling arts, kick boxing, boxing, and others. The primary focus includes:
 Traditional Tang Soo Do (Karate) Techniques
 Self-defense (Ho Sin Sool)
 Traditional Tang Soo Do Forms (Hyung)
 Bunhae Ki Sul (Application of Hyung Techniques)
 Traditional Sparring Techniques (Dae Ryun)
 Weapons Training
 Boxing Techniques
 Kick Boxing Skills
 Strength Training Exercises
 Meditation and other advanced relaxation techniques
About Kwan Jang Nim Gene Garbowsky

Master Gene Garbowsky began his martial art career in the early 1980s by training in the
techniques and traditions of Korean Tang Soo Do. During the 1990s while attending Penn
State University, he also added
to his martial arts resume by
training in Tae Kwon Do, Judo,
Japanese Shotokan Karate,
Kick Boxing and Boxing. Mas-
ter Garbowsky has owned and
operated professional martial
arts studios at Penn State Uni-
versity (State College), PA,
North Huntingdon, PA and Pitts-
burgh, PA. He has trained liter-
ally thousands of students in
Tang Soo Do from ages 4 to
over 70 years of age! Many of
his students have gone on to be
top karate competitors across
the United States.
Since this time Master Gar-

bowsky has had an opportunity Kwan Jang Nim Ah Po awards Master Garbowsky O-Dan rank
(October,2008)
to train, practice and attend
seminars with some of the most
notable Tang Soo Do Grandmaster and Master in the United States today.
1. *note: South Hills Karate Academy is not affiliated in any way with the Moo Duk Kwan. The information is provided as an historical account of Tang Soo
Do. Despite prior association, South Hills Karate Academy is in no way associated with the International Tang Soo Do Association, Grandmaster Chun Sik
Kim or the Tang Soo Do Martial Way Association and Grandmaster Andy Ah Po.
6
In October of 2007, South Hills Karate Academy
held its 1st Dan Testing Championship of Tang
Soo Do. World renowned Tang Soo Do Grandmas-
ter Andy Ah Po founder of the Tang Soo Do Martial
Way Association, at the request of Master Gar-
bowsky, conducted this historic event. At this event,
which was deemed the "2007 Tang Soo Do Fall
Weekend in Pittsburgh", Grandmaster Ah Po con-
ducted three special clinics for Tang Soo Do Ko Dan
Ja and Yu Dan Ja in the Pittsburgh area. It was after
this visit that Master Garbowsky was accepted by
Grandmaster Ah Po as a direct student and Ko Dan
Ja member in the Tang Soo Do Martial Way Asso-
ciation.
In October, 2008 Master Garbowsky was awarded Master Garbowsky (right) and Master
5th Dan (Oh Dan) by Grandmaster Andy Ah Po at Kevin Watson, 7th Dan Shito-Ryu Karate
the 2nd Annual Fall Weekend in Pittsburgh Do Demonstrate Sam Soo Shik Deh
event. This was after an extensive evaluation and Ryun
testing procedure that involved four days of inten-
sive evaluation by Kwan Jang Nim Ah Po during Master Garbowsky’s trip to Sacramento in
January of 2008.
In January 2012 at the urging of various other

heads of Tang Soo Do organizations in the United
States Master Garbowsky founded the Independ-
ent Tang Soo Do Association. His primary goals
are to bring together various Tang Soo Do organi-
zations and to provide his students with an inter-
nationally recognized organization that helps to
foster the original teachings of the late Great
Grandmaster Hwang Kee. This is accomplished
by tapping into the instruction and teaching he re-
Master Garbowsky (center) Demonstrates
ceived from his two instructors and fostering the E-Dahn Ka Whe Cha Gi “Flying Scissor
Tang Soo Do concept of Ryu Pa. Kick”
Master Garbowsky holds a Bachelor of Science Degree from the Pennsylvania State Uni-
versity (1992).
7
Summary of Master Garbowsky’s Achievements
 1986 Began teaching Tang Soo Do in Pittsburgh at the age of 16 years old
 1988 Awarded first Dan (Black Belt) (Dan# 26272) by International Tang Soo Do Fed-
eration
 1991 Head Tang Soo Do Instructor and co-owner, State College Martial Arts Acad-
emy, State College, PA
 1991 Penn State Judo
 1992 USA Karate Team Member
 1993 Head Instructor, Pittsburgh and owner of CS Kim Karate, Irwin, PA
 1994 ITF “Forms Competition”, World Championship Runner-Up
 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997 Outstanding Demonstration Awards
 1995 Maryland State Invitational Karate Championships “Grand Champion”, Eagle
Classic
 2000 Awarded Masters Degree by the International Tang Soo Do Federation
 2005 Opened South Hills Karate Academy at 4500 Clairton Blvd. Pittsburgh, PA 15236
 2006 NAKF Tournament Forms “Grand Champion”
 2008 Awarded 5th Dan Master Rank by the Tang Soo Do Martial Way Association
 2005-2009 expanded South Hills Karate Academy to over 160 full-time students
 2009 Opened 2nd location for South Hills Karate Academy in Elizabeth, PA
 2009 Trained and promoted 12 students to Cho-Dan ranking and 2 to Ee-Dan ranking
in the Tang Soo Do Martial Way Association
 2011 Opened new location for South Hills Karate Academy and the new MartialFit
Training center providing students of the art of Tang Soo Do both top quality instruction
in Tang Soo Do and well as strength and fitness training
 2011 Promoted 4 students to the Cho-Dan rank
 2011 Franchised South Hills Karate Academy, Elizabeth location
 2012 Founded the Independent Tang Soo Do Association
South Hills Karate Academy’s 2nd

Dan Classing Examination
Back Row: Masters, C. Terrigno, A.

Preston, S. Preston, J. Dove, G. Pet-
roski, Kwan Jang Nim Ah Po, S. Propst,
J. Ennis, K. Watson, G. Garbowsky 2nd
Row: J. Weir, R. Diffendal, K. Gar-
bowsky, B. Maxwell, C. Durney, D. Wil-
son, C. Wilson, D. Hafer Kneeling: C.
Durney, E. Garbowsky, D. Pruni, C.
Vickless, E. Irson, D. Pruni
8
The Independent Tang Soo Do Association
In January 2012, Sa Bom Nim Garbowsky (Dan#
26272) founded The Independent Tang Soo Do As-
sociation.
The primary objectives of the Association are to pre-

serve and promote the original and traditional tech-
niques, practices, philosophy, and principles of the
martial art known as Tang Soo Do, and to create a
training environment that not only focuses on intense
physical training, discipline, and respect (Moo Do),
but which also fosters creativity and character devel-
opment (Ryu Pa) by recognizing the human need to
achieve "freedom" through the development of the
human spirit (Moo Do Shim Gung).
As a martial artist you will receive a number of bene-

fits as a member of the Association. The Association
will provide the foundation for its members to gain an
in-depth understanding into Tang Soo Do philoso-
phy, fostering a well-rounded, quality-based program
inclusive of the many aspects of Tang Soo Do. In ad-
dition, it will encourage growth of the spirit of martial arts within each of its members. How-
ever, it serves to achieve this by adding to member schools’ already established curricu-
lum and not forcing a particular Tang Soo Do curriculum upon Association members as
this would be in violation of the late Great Grandmaster Hwang Kee’s spirit of Ryu Pa.
However, it is expected that Association members maintain the highest level of proficiency.
This is achieved by providing learning and sharing opportunities

through seminars and clinics, Tang Soo Do competitions, and Gup and
Dan Shim Sa among Association studio members and their instructors
and students. A higher level of proficiency in Tang Soo Do can be
achieved through technical instruction and guidelines for each member
school.
The Association will remain a member-friendly organization and will

strive to provide the highest quality services to its members including
training opportunities, consultation and valuable products. Additionally,
studio members have access to Gup and Dan certificates, testing ma-
terials, and manuals that will add to the studio owners Association ex-
perience.
9
Flag of The Independent Tang Soo Do Association
The Kwan Gi represents the Independent Tang Soo
Do Association’s rich martial arts heritage. The back-
ground being midnight blue represents the Korean
culture and origin of Tang Soo Do. In traditional Tang
Soo Do, midnight blue represents the Yu Dan Ja
(black belt) ranking instead of the known ‘black belt’
that is used in other martial arts systems. Additionally
in Korean culture this color signifies maturity and suc-
cess. Therefore the background color is a representa-
tion of our Yu Dan Ja members and their success and
unity in the art of Tang Soo Do.
獨立唐手道協會 is the hanja or Chinese characters

for Independent Tang Soo Do Association. This is a
direct translation from English. Independent Tang Soo
Do Association can also be written as 中立唐手道協
會 meaning to be separate from others or standing
alone or apart.
The red, white, and blue stars represent the United States of America. Sa Bom Nim
Garbowsky felt it important to have the United States represented in the Kwan Gi as so
many Tang Soo Do schools and organizations have found success here in America teach-
ing Tang Soo Do. Additionally if you study the history of Tang Soo Do, you will find that it
really spread from the US service men who were stationed in Korea during the mid to late
1950s who when they returned to the US started teaching and spreading Tang Soo Do.
The gold throughout the flag represents justice as does the gold fist. In addition, the
gold fist represents our tie to the original Moo Duk Kwan founded by Grandmaster Hwang
Kee. The berries on the laurel leaves represent the fruit we obtain through training.
There are eight on each side also representing the eight key concepts of Tang Soo Do.
The laurel leaves themselves represent life and our growth in Tang Soo Do and as an in-
dividual.
The um/yang symbol represents the Tao (Do) and the dualities of nature and life. On each
side of the symbol you find the Chinese characters for “Moo and Do” or Martial Way.
These characters together represent the concept of conflict resolution both internally and
externally.
All South Hills Karate Academy members are to wear the Association patch on the right
sleeve, just below the hem on the dobalk.
10
Association Student Guidelines
As with the tradition first set by the Moo Duk Kwan in 1945, every student must display
proper respect and discipline. Each student must also adhere to the three principles of the
Independent Tang Soo Do Association:
The Association’s Core Principles
 Respect
 Discipline
 Strength
Respect refers to the respect that is developed

and fostered through the training of Tang Soo
Do. It is the respect that every member at
South Hills Karate Academy has for others as
well as themselves. Discipline is necessary for
success in Tang Soo Do and life. Without discipline one can easily lose control of them-
selves and their life. Strength refers to both physical and mental strength.
Membership in the Association comes with serious responsibility and that is to represent the
Art and the School in only the best possible manner. Students who fail in this regard will be
asked to revoke their membership. Remember that Tang Soo Do is a classical martial art
and not a sport. It is an intellectual activity designed to foster physical, mental, and spiritual
health.
Students must strive to separate themselves from average people by developing strong
moral character, humility, and respect for others. The Ten Articles of Faith must be prac-
ticed and followed and each student must realize that they are living examples of Tang Soo
Do and the brotherhood that exists between all martial art styles.
Tang Soo Do Ten Articles of Faith

1. Be loyal to your country.
2. Be obedient to your parents.
3. Be loving between husband and wife.
4. Be cooperative between brothers.
5. Be faithful between friends.
6. Be respectful to your elders.
7. Be faithful between teacher and student.
8. Know the difference between good and evil.
9. Never retreat in battle.
10. Always finish what you start.
11
The Purpose Of The Independent Tang Soo Do Association
The purpose of the association is to promote the origi-
nal and traditional techniques, practices, philosophy,
and principles of the martial art known as Tang Soo Do
and to create a training environment that not only fo-
cuses on intense physical training, discipline,
and respect (Moo Do), but which also fosters creativity
and character development (Ryu Pa). This is accom-
plished by recognizing the human need to achieve
"freedom" through the development of the human
spirit (Moo Do Shim Gung).
The Association’s Responsibilities of Students

1. Look and listen to learn.
2. Practice until you are both physically and mentally challenged.
3. Make positive changes by taking yourself outside of your comfort zone.
4. Develop a higher level of conscious awareness.
5. Create Ryu Pa.
The Independent Tang Soo Do Association’s Responsibilities of

Dan (Midnight Blue Belts) Members
 Maintain Tang Soo Do protocol and etiquette. Tang Soo Do protocol and etiquette has a
long tradition starting with those of the Moo Duk Kwan. Failure to adhere to these would
result in a degradation of the art. It is also the Dan’s responsibility to pass these on to
junior ranks.
 Remember that you are always a student. Continue to develop skills needed to become a
future leader in the dojang and the Association to further promote, perpetuate, and en-
hance the martial art of Tang Soo Do.
 Conduct yourself in a manner that is worthy of being Dan member and remember that
junior students and others are always watching you and hold you in high regard and to a
higher standard.
 Always continue your training and study the history and traditions of Tang Soo Do and
participate in as many dojang and Association events as possible.
 Remain loyal to your instructor and the Association as this is the highest level of Moo Do
Shim Gong (Spirit of the Martial Arts) . This also ensures the purity of the martial art as
well as our identity as an Association.
12
The Rules of the Dojang
Martial arts training begins with learning how to respect the tradition of the art and
the school. With membership in any organization there are rules that must be followed and
adhered to. The following “Rules of the Dojang” must be followed without question.
Entering the Dojang
Students should salute the flags and bow to the senior Black Belts and the Master Instructor
immediately upon entering the Dojang (training room). This should be done without excep-
tion. Students do not have to wait for Black Belts or the Master Instructor to acknowledge
their bows. At first students feel awkward using the bow. This is understandable but once
students realize that the bow acknowledges respect, a respect between people that is much
deeper than any handshake or other form of acknowledgment, it will become second nature.
Starting the Class
The instructor will stand at the front of the class. All others students will line up behind the
instructor according to rank and seniority right to left. Lines will be evenly numbered and
form with seniors to the right. Note:
After class has been lined up properly, the instructor or highest ranking member will start
class by calling the following commands:
Cha Ryut Attention

Kuk Gi Ba Rae Salute to the Flags
Ba Ro Return
Ahn Jo Sit
Muk Nyum Meditation and mind preparation
Ba Ro Return
The highest ranking member in class will then call the class to attention and bow to the in-
structor. The following Korean commands are used:
Kwan Jang Nim Ke Kyung Yet Bow to Grand Master

Sa Bom Nim Ke Kyun Yet Bow to the Master Instructor
Kyo Sa Nim Ke Kyung Yet Bow to the Instructor
Yu Dan Ja Ke Kyung Yet Bow to Dan(s), Bow to Dan Instructor
Yu Gup Ja Ke Kyung Yet Bow to Gup Instructor
13
Class Time Rules
During class, proper respect and discipline must be maintained at all times.
1. If a student comes to class late, he or she will wait at the Dojang entrance until the in-
structor acknowledges them. They will then approach the instructor, bow, and ask for per-
mission to join class.
Note:
Students should make every attempt possible to arrive early for class.
This way proper respect will be paid to the instructor and there will be
sufficient time for warm-up exercises.
2. Under no circumstance is a student to leave class without permission. To do so will

show disrespect to the instructor and the other students. Students must gain the permission
of the instructor in order to leave class for any reason. To return, students must stand at at-
tention at the entrance of the Dojang, until welcomed back in by the instructor.
3. Questions to the instructor or senior members should be preceded by a bow. If a student

is seated, he or she should raise their hand, and wait to be acknowledged by the instructor.
4. A chain of command should be followed for questions outside of class. If a senior Gup is
unable to answer a question, a Dan member should be approached. The Master Instructor
should be approached only as a last resort.
5. Members should keep a posture that is conducive to good health, while they are seated
on the floor. This means sitting with the legs crossed, back straight, and hands on the
knees. Seated members should also pay the utmost attention to seniors who are perform-
ing. A lot can be learned by watching those who are more advanced. Talking while seated is
not allowed.
6. Students should never ask their instructor to teach them something new. This is disre-
spectful. Place trust in your instructor's knowledge and experience.
7. Master Garbowsky should always be addressed as Kwan Jang Nim. Black Belt (Dan)
Members should be addressed as either "sir" or "ma'am". It is also accept able to address
Dan Members with Mr., Miss, Ms., or Mrs. followed by their last name. Studio instructors
should be called either "Sa Bom Nim" (Master Instructor) or "Kyo Sa Nim" (Instructor Under
Master).
8. The instructor may, upon discretion, ask students who do not obey the above class guide-
lines to remove themselves from class.
14
The Tang Soo Do Uniform
How to Fold the Do Balk It is important to give a good impression of our art. Therefore a neat
appearance is essential at all times. Members should take care to
clean their uniforms and keep them well-pressed. They should also
not wear them in public, except for special events. Clothing should
not be worn underneath the dobalk either, except in the case of fe-
males, who are allowed to wear a t-shirt. The belt should be tied
around the waist with rank displayed outward, from the left side.
Why do we wear the traditional Tang Soo Do dobalk? The answer
to this question is based on tradition and philosophy. First, the word
"do" means "way of life" and the word "balk" means "clothing". By
definition, this makes the dobalk clothing for Tang Soo Do training.
Its whiteness symbolizes purity and reverence for life . The belt is a
symbol of our accomplishments in Tang Soo Do, both physically
and spiritually. The uniform should always be kept in good condi-
tion, with proper patches and trim displayed. The belt should never
be placed on the ground. The Independent Tang Soo Do Association Patch is dis-
played on the right sleeve. Individual school patches should be displayed on the left
side of the dobalk over the heart.
Practicing Outside of the Dojang

Students learn basic moves in class. These moves or
techniques should be practiced diligently until they are
perfected including practice outside of the dojang. Stu-
dents should take what they learn in class and work to
perfect their techniques. Students should practice out-
side of the dojang in order to assure that they have
learned the techniques fully. Practicing outside of the
dojang should include the practice of basic techniques,
hyung, one-step sparring and if a training partner is
available, free-sparring.
In addition to practicing the techniques of Tang Soo Do, stu-

dents are reminded to work on flexibility and strength train-
ing in order to improve the overall health of the body and to
help improve performance in Tang Soo Do.
Master Garbowsky with Grandmaster
Students are also encouraged to learn about the history and D.A. Giacobbi
different training philosophies of Tang Soo Do.
15
The Role of Flexibility
During warm-ups and class we talk about the benefits of stretching and the entire concept
of flexibility as it relates to general health and martial arts.
When using the legs/feet for striking we want to be primarily concerned with dynamic flexi-
bility or flexibility in motion. In general there are three kinds of flexibility:
1. Dynamic—Flexibility in motion through a full range. Kicking above waist level is
a display of dynamic flexibility.
2. Static passive—The ability to
assume and hold a stretched
position using your weight
(splits), or using strength not
coming from the stretched
limbs, such as lifting and hold-
ing a leg with your arm or by
other external means.
3. Static active—The ability to
assume and hold an extended
position using only the muscles
of the stretched limb. An exam-
ple is kicking the leg and hold-
ing it at a certain level.
Dynamic Flexibility!
Master Garbowsky trains with a student.
When training to achieve greater
flexibility and as a general rule for training the following sequence of stretches will yield
the best results:
1. Warm Up - loosen the joints, rotate arms and shoulders.

2. Dynamic Stretches - leg raises to the rear, side, and front. For best results,
do these in the morning and before training.
3. Main Training - this is the class or training portion of the workout.
4. Static passive - should be done at the end of training, seldom before!
16
The Belt System of The Association
RANK BELT STRIPES TRIM

10th GUP White None None
9th GUP Yellow None None
8th GUP Orange None None
7th GUP Orange 1 Green None
6th GUP Green None Green
5th GUP Green 1 Red Green
4th GUP Green 2 Red Green
3rd GUP Red None Red
2nd GUP Red 1 Blue Red
1st GUP Red 2 Blue Red
1st Pre-test Red 3 Blue Red
2nd Pre-test Red 4 Blue Red
1st DAN Midnight Blue None Midnight Blue
All stripes on Gup rank belts and Dan rank belts are to be on one end of the belt only.
Stripes are to be worn on the left side.
The red stripe for 4th Dan (Master) and above

runs through the middle of the belt. Orange and
yellow belts shall not have trim on uniform jack-
ets. Green and red belt Gup ranked students shall
have their uniform jackets trimmed in the color of
their belt on the lapel only. Dan members shall
have trimmed uniform jackets, which include lapel,
sleeve cuffs and all around the bottom border.
Belt Color Meanings

The belt colors of Tang Soo Do each have a spe-
cific meaning. Each color signifies rank and sym-
bolizes the various stages of physical and spiritual
development. In Tang Soo Do’s early beginnings there were traditionally only four colors
used within the 10 Gup rank system. Over the years additional colors have been added.
Each color can be compared to the changes of seasons. In addition, the four traditional col-
ors have an element and an animal associated with each belt color.
White Belt
The first belt that every student receives upon starting their journey in Tang Soo Do is the
white belt. The white belt represents the season of winter. During winter months the snow
covers the ground, hiding life below. Trees and plants appear to be lifeless, however they
are very much alive. Thus the white belt represents the hidden potential of the beginning
Tang Soo Do student. The tiger is the animal that symbolizes the white belt. Just as the ti-
ger is an aggressive hunter, beginner students often approach their training and fighting with
aggressive offensive techniques. The element for white belt is metal. This is significant
17
upon beginning their training most beginners might feel hard and rigid in performing their
techniques.
Yellow Belt
Yellow represents the later winter months and progress in Tang Soo Do. Students are be-
ginning to see the fruits of their labor and are beginning to gain confidence in their skills.
Orange Belt
The orange belt represents early spring and the student’s continued advancement in Tang
Soo Do. Students are beginning to be aware of their bodies and the skills they are gaining.
They are also starting to realize their potential and what their art has to offer them.
Green Belt
Green represents the color of spring. Spring represents new life. The green belt signifies
growth in Tang Soo Do spirit and loyalty to the Tang Soo Do brotherhood. The animal for
green belt is the dragon. Dragons have a very symbolic and almost mystical meaning in ori-
ental cultures. The dragon was feared, but respected. It was considered to be fierce and
quick, more so than the tiger, but not as graceful as a bird. The element for green belt is
wood.
Red Belt
The season for red belt is summer. It represents an active spirit and strong loyalty to art and
instructor. This is developed through intense training along with confidence in technique.
The animal for red belt is the bird. The element for red belt is fire. Fire is a moving, growing,
flexible element. It can burn wood and melt metal. This is symbolic of the Red Belt’s pro-
gression in rank and seniority among other students. They have put a lot of time and energy
into their Tang Soo Do training, and have developed the knowledge and ability to help teach
white, yellow, orange, and green belts.
Black (Midnight Blue) Belt

The infamous Midnight Blue Belt is the last change of color in the Tang Soo Do belt system.
Its element is water and its animal is the turtle. It is the most significant rank advancement
as is reflected in the full trim of the uniform top. Many traditional Tang Soo Do/Soo Bahk Do
schools use a dark midnight blue colored belt for Dan ranks, rather than the more common
black belt. Other than being the tradition of the Moo Duk Kwan, there are numerous reasons
for this. Historically, it is thought that the Hwa Rang Dan warriors of ancient Korean wore a
very similar outfit to the uniform that we wear today, which was trimmed in a dark blue. In
addition, the color black symbolizes death and finality. It is the only color which does not
change when more color is added to it. Black is always black, it cannot be altered. On the
other hand, one can add more color to midnight blue to make it darker. This is significant be-
cause the training of a Tang Soo Do Black Belt is never final. A true Black Belt never stops
learning, training or improving their technique. Thus, the midnight blue belt is seen only as a
new beginning, where a student may continue to learn and refine their technique, and begin
to gain greater insight into their art. The solid midnight blue belt is worn for 1st through 3rd
Dans, with white stripes on the left end of the belt to indicate rank. For 4th Dan (master
level) and above, a midnight blue belt with a red stripe all the way through the center is
worn. 18
How To Tie The Belt or Dee (Korean)
There are a few ways to properly tie your belt or Dee (Korean). The diagram below shows
how to properly fasten or tie your Dobalk as well as the Dee. The method for tying the belt
shown in the diagram below is the generally accepted beginner method.
Regarding the Dobalk or uniform, the left side should always be on top of the right side as
depicted in the diagram.
How to tie your belt:
1. Fold your belt in half to find the center.

2. Holding the belt with both hands in front of
your body, place the center of the belt at the
center of your waist.
3. Wrap the belt around your waist, crossing it
behind you, and bringing the two ends in
front of your body again.
4. Cross the belt in front of you.
5. Tuck the end of the belt that is in your right
hand completely under the section of belt
around your waist and pull that end straight
up, while pulling the end in your left hand
straight down.
6. Using the two ends of the belt, tie a square
knot.
7. The ends of your belt should be even in
length after the belt is tied. When tied, any
rank stripes on the belt should be on your
left side.
19
Tang Soo Do Terminology and Culture
General Terminology
Tang Soo Do The name of the art we study

Independent Tang Soo Do The name of our association
Soo Bahk Do Ancient name of the Martial Art of Korea Founded by Kwan
Jang Nim Hwang Kee
Kwan Jang (Nim) Grandmaster, the title for the head of The Martial Way
Association (Currently Kwan Jang Nim Andy Ah Po)
Sa Bom (Nim) Master Instructor, Master Garbowsky’s title
Kyo Sa (Nim) Certified Instructor
Nim A term of respect similar to "Sir" or "Honorable"
Sun Beh Senior Member
Hu Beh Junior Member
Dan Degree, holder of Midnight Blue (Black) Belt
Gup Grade, holder of Color Belt under
Midnight Blue
Ko Dan Ja Senior Dan holder
Yu Dan Ja Dan holder
Yu Gup Ja Gup holder
Kwan Won Student member
Cho Bo Ja Beginner
Do Jang Training hall (studio)
Do Bok Training suit (uniform)
Dee Belt
Kwan Gi The flag of a style (Martial Way Association) or school (South
Hills Karate Academy) of Tang Soo Do
Gi Cho Basic
Hyung Form
Deh Ryun Sparring
Ho Shin Sul Self-defense (techniques)
Soo Gi Hand techniques
Jok Gi Foot techniques
Chi Gung Extension of energy
Neh Gung Internal power, breathing throughout a technique, or internal
control in exercise
Weh Gung External power, breathing at the end of a technique, or external
control in exercise
Neh Ga Ryu The internal way/method
Weh Ga Ryu The external way/method
Choong Ga Ryu The combination way/method
Shim Gung Spiritual power or control in exercise
Mahk Kee Block
Kong Kyuk Attack, strike
Pyung Balanced, calm, peaceful
Ahn Safe, secure, confident, comfortable
Ha Dan Lower part
Choong Dan Middle/center part
Sang Dan High part
20
Ahp Front
Yup Side
Dwi Back
Cha Gi Kick
Ki Hap Yell, vocal exhalation, spirit unification
Shi Sun Focus of eyes or direction of line of sight, focus of mind
Choong Shim Balance
Chung Kwon Forefist
Kap Kwon Backfist
Soo Do Knife hand
Yuk Soo Do Ridge hand
Kwan Soo Spear hand
Jang Kwon Heal of palm
Podo Snapping
Son Mok Bent wrist
O Rin Jok Right
Wen Jok Left
Choong Jok Center
Jindo Advancing & retreating
Gahten Bahl Multiple techniques without placement or reset
Ja Seh Stance
Tae Kuk Gi Name of the South Korean Flag
Sook Gi Water energy
Wah Gi Fire energy
E-Dan Jumping
Kyok Pah Breaking
Hwa Rang Often translated as "Flower Knights", an elite group of warriors
in the times of the ancient Korean dynasties, 10’th Century
Ton Jon (Tan Jin) Center Of gravity
Ki Se Poise [of ones energy/character]
Gi Cho Gi So Basic action
Basic Stances (Gi Cho Ja Seh)
Choon Bee Ja Seh Ready stance

Chun Gul Ja Seh Front stance
Bahl Cha Gi Ja Seh Kicking stance
Hu Gul Ja Seh Back stance
Fu Gul Ja Seh Cat stance
Kee Mah Ja Seh Horse riding stance
So Ko Rip Ja Seh Side stance (50/50 even weight
distribution)
Kyo Cha Rip Ja Seh Cross-Legged stance
Che Ha Dan Ja Seh Low stance with rear leg bent
and front leg straight, with only
the heel on the floor
21
Commands In Training
Tulio / Turo Reverse

Ku Ryung Count
Ku Ryung E Mah Chi So By the count
Ku Ryung Sam Gup By the set
Ku Ryung Up Shi Without count, all the way through
Chay Ryut / Chariot Attention
Kyung Ret Bow
Choon Bee Ready
Shi Jok Begin
Ba Ro Return
Shio/Sho Relax (rest)
Tora Turn
Dwi Ro Tora Turn to the rear
Bal Cha Gi Choon Bee Ready for kicking
Deh Ryun Ja Seh Ready for defense (sparring)
Bahl Pahkwa Shift sides
Bahl Kyo Deh Switch legs
Ahn Jo / Chak Suk Be seated
Yuk Suk Stand up
Sam Kwan Reverse center punch, front kick, center punch (appears in Chil
Sung Ee Ro Hyung)
Dasi Again/repeat
Choong Gan Jaseh Intermediate position
Commands In Starting and Closing Class
Cha Ryut Attention

Kuk Gi Ba Rae Salute the flag
Ba Ro Return
Ahn Jo / Chak Suk Sit
Il Soot Stand/standing
Muk Nyum Meditation
Shio Return
Cha Ryut Attention
Kwan Jang Nim Ke Kyung Ret Bow to Grand Master
Sa Bo Nim Ke Kyung Ret Bow to Master Instructor
Yu Dan Ja Ke Kyung Ret Bow to Dan(s), Bow to Dan
Instructor
Yu Gup Ja Ke Kyung Ret Bow to Gup Instructor
Sang Ho Kan E Kyung Ret Bow to Partner (To Each Other)
Shim Sah Kwan Nim Ge
Kyung Ret Bow to Judge/Examiner
Kahn Sam Nee Dah Thank You
22
Basic Techniques (Hand)
Pahl Put Kee Basic punching from horse stance

Ha Dan Mahk Kee Low defense
Choong Dan Kong Kyuck Middle punch
Sang Dan Kong Kyuck High punch
Sang Dan Mahk Kee High defense
Ahneso Phakuro Mahk Kee Inside to outside defense
Pahkeso Ahnuro Mahk Kee Outside to inside defense
Wheng Jin Kong Kyuck Side punch, horse stance
Chun Gul Ssang Soo Mahk Kee Two-handed block, front stance
Hu Gul Ssang Soo Mahk Kee Two-handed block, fighting stance
Ssang Soo Ha Dan Mahk Kee Two fist low x-block, front stance
Ssang Soo Sang Dan Mahk Kee Two fist high block x-block, front stance
Yuk Soo Knife-hand defense and reverse punch
Hu Gul Ha Dan Mahk Kee Low block, back stance
Hu Gul Sang Dan Mahk Kee High block, back stance
Ha Dan Soo Do Mahk Kee Low knife-hand block, back stance
Choong Dan Soo Do Mahk Kee Middle knife-hand block, back stance
Sang Dan Soo Do Mahk Kee High knife-hand block, back stance
Hu Gul Yup Mahk Kee Side block, back stance
Kwan Soo Kong Kyuck Spear-hand attack, front stance
Yuk Jin Kong Kyuck Reverse punch, back stance
Yuk Soo Do Kong Kyuk Ridge-hand strike
Sang Jin Kong Kyuk Three-finger strike (to the eyes)
Chung Kwon Kong Kyuk Fore-fist strike
Kwon Do Kong Kyuk Hammer-fist strike
Il Ji Kwan Soo One-finger spear-hand strike
Bahn Jul Kwan Soo Knuckle spear-hand, all four second-knuckles strike
Yoo Kwon Soft fist, using knuckles of first and second fingers strike
Jip Ke Son Plier-hand web of thumb strike
Jang Kwon Palm heel strike
Sohn Mok Deung Upper wrist strike
Pahl Mok Inner or outer side of wrist strike
Basic Techniques (Kicking)
Ahp Podo Oil Ri Gi Front stretch kick

Ahp Cha Nut Gi Front snap kick
Yup Cha Gi Front side kick
Yup Podo Oil Ri Gi Side stretch kick
Dull Ryo Cha Gi Roundhouse kick
Dwi Cha Gi Back snap kick
Dwi Dull Ryo Cha Gi Back spinning kick
Ahneso Phaku Ro Cha Gi Inside/outside crescent kick
Phakeso Ahnero Cha Gi Outside/inside crescent kick
Yup Hu Ri Gi Side hook kick
Ahp Me Ro Cha Gi Front pushing kick
Moo Roop Cha Gi Knee kick
Peet Cha Gi Reverse roundhouse kick
23
Bahl Bah Dahk Euro Mah Kee Outside to inside kick block
Bahl Yup Euro Mahk Kee Outer edge of foot block
Ahp Bahl Cha Gi Term to be used with any defensive kick using front foot
E-Dan Jumping
E-Dan Ahp Cha Gi Jump front kick
E-Dan Yup Cha Gi Jump side kick
E-Dan Dull Ryo Dwi Hu Ri Gi Jumping spinning heel kick
E-Dan Ahneso Phaku Ro Cha Gi Jumping spinning inside to outside crescent kick
E-Dan Phakeso Ahnero Cha Gi Jumping spinning outside to inside crescent kick
E-Dan Dwi Cha Gi Jumping back kick
E-Dahn Ka Whe Cha Gi Jump scissor [split] kick
Sparring (Deh Ryun)
Sam Soo Shik Deh Ryun Three-step sparring

Il Soo Shik Deh Ryun One-step sparring
Ja Yu Deh Ryun Free sparring
Jua Deh Ryun Sparring in sitting position
Wah Deh Ryun Sparring in lying down position
Bong Deh Ryun Stick sparring
Kyo Deh Change positions
Da Soo In Deh Ryun Sparring against multiple opponents
Took Soo Deh Ryun Special sparring
Dan Do Deh Ryun Short-knife sparring
Sil Cheh Deh Ryun Full contact sparring
Gun Nuhn Deh Ryun Non-contact sparring
Shi Jok Begin
Go Mahn Stop (temporary)
Anatomy
Pahl Arm
Bahl (Korean)/Jok (Chinese) Foot
Chu Mok Fist
Mok Neck
Hu Ri Waist
Da Ri Leg
Soo (Chinese)/Sohn (Korean) Hand
Pahl Koop Elbow
Moo Roop Knee
Tuck Chin
Eema Forehead
Ko Wahn Groin
Dan Jun Abdomen
Myung Chi Solar plexus
In Choong Filtrim, area between mouth and nose
Ip Mouth
24
Bahl Bah Dak Mit Bottom of the foot
Bahl Yup Koom Chi Outer edge of the foot
Bahl Ahp Koom Chi Ball of the foot
Bal Deung Instep
Bal Dwi Koom Chi Heel
Numbers and Counting
Counting Numerals
Han Na One Il 1st
Dool Two E 2nd
Set Three Sam 3rd
Net Four Sa 4th
Da Sot Five Oh 5th
Ya Sot Six Yuk 6th
Il Goop Seven Chil 7th
Yo Dol Eight Pahl 8th
Ah Hope Nine Ku 9th
Yohl Ten Ship 10th
Yohl Hana Eleven Shibil 11th
Yohl Dool Twelve Shibi 12th
Yohl Set Thirteen Shipsam 13th
Soo Mool Twenty Iship 20th
Soh Roon Thirty Samship 30th
Mah Hoon Forty Saship 40th
Shwin Fifty Oship 50th
Ye Soon Sixty Yukship 60th
Ir'Hoon Seventy Chilship 70th
Yo Doon Eight Pahlship 80th
Ah Hoon Ninety Kuship 90th
Paek Hundred Paek 100th
Ch'Ohn Thousand Ch'Ohn 1,000th
Mahn Ten Thousand Mahn 10,000'h
Shi'Mahn Hundred Thousand Shi'Mahn 100,000th
25
Tang Soo Do’s Eight Key Concepts
Yong Gi Courage
Chung Shin Tong Il Concentration
In Neh Endurance
Chung Jik Honesty
Kyum Son Humility
Him Cho Chung Control of power
Shin Chook Tension and relaxation
Characteristics of Tang Soo Do
1. It is natural and reasonable to practice Tang Soo Do as a martial art.

2. It combines civil and military arts which are strong and submissive.
3. It is good practice for mental and physical well being.
4. You can practice anywhere and it is inexpensive.
5. You can practice as an individual or group.
6. Anyone can learn with a little effort and faith.
7. It develops your body and sense of balance.
Matters That Demand Special Attention In Tang Soo Do
1. Purpose of training should be enhancement of the mental and physical self.

2. Sincerity is necessary.
3. Effort is necessary.
4. Consistent schedule during practice.
5. Do one's best when training.
6. It is necessary to train in the basic spirit of Tang Soo Do.
7. Regularly spaced practice sessions.
8. Obey without objection the word of instructors or seniors; look and learn.
9. Don't be overly ambitious.
10. Pay attention to every aspect of your training.
11. Pay attention to the order of training.
12. Get step-by-step instruction for new forms and techniques.
13. Try to conquer idleness.
14. Cleanliness is desired before and after practice.
26
The Five Requisites and Ten Points of Emphasis on Physical Development
Five Requisites
1. Contact With Natural Surroundings
2. Contact With Diverse Physical Conditions
3. Suitable Nourishment
4. Suitable Exercise
5. Suitable Rest
Ten Points of Emphasis

1. Vocal Exhalation For Thoracic Strength (Ki Hap)
2. Visual Focus (Shi Sun)
3. Continuous Balance During Movement
4. Flexibility Of The Body
5. Correct Muscle Tone For Maximum Power
6. High And Low Speed Technique
7. Exactness Of Technique
8. Adjustment For Proper Distance
9. Proper Breathing For Endurance
10. Conditioning Of The Hands And Feet
The Five Requisites and Eleven Points of Emphasis on Mental Training
Five Requisites
1. Oneness with Nature
2. Complete Awareness Of Environment
3. Experience
4. Conscience
5. Culture
Eleven Points of Emphasis

1. Reverence For Nature
2. Physical Control (Ki Hap)
3. Courtesy
4. Modest Heart
5. Thankful Heart
6. Self-Sacrifice
7. Cultivation of Courage
8. Chastity
9. Strong Inside and Mild Outside
10. Endurance
11. Reading Ability
27
Traditional Hyung of Tang Soo Do
At the heart of Tang Soo Do is hyung (Korean) or forms. They must be the foundation of
training in Tang Soo Do. The hyung that we practice in Tang Soo Do allow us to share tech-
niques and traditions with many famous Tang Soo Do stylists of the past and present. We
can trace this history back hundreds of years to our forms’ Okinawan roots. Many martial
artists have used these hyung as a method of obtaining the Way (Do Korean/Japanese/Tao
Chinese).
Each hyung represents an archived library of effective self-defense techniques. Often the
application of each move within hyung is not well understood within many Korean dojangs
unless the effort has been made to study the origins and history of the form. One should
strive to understand and practice at least one bunhae (bunkai Japanese) motion for each
action in a hyung. Most of the original applications do not involve the basic kicks and
punches, which are often given as an interpretation, but rather grabs, breaks, pressure
points, and close-in fighting. The elaborate nature of these actions (symbolized by individual
hyung motions) are challenging even for Dan (black belts) ranks to know, practice, and exe-
cute proficiently. Once a bunhae is understood it should be drilled with partners, like we of-
ten practice free sparring and Ill Soo Shik (one step sparring) combinations at high speed,
and in repetition. Many Ill Soo Shik practiced at South Hills Karate Academy already utilize
bunhae from the hyung.
The “Um-Yang” (Yin-Yang Chinese) nature in hyung is noted in such opposites as fast/slow,
hard/soft & still/movement. For example, at the end of a given combination in hyung, one
should pause before moving to the next direction to create a separation of events (i.e. often
hyung are hurried, and students do not pause long enough before changing directions; the
pause creates the moment and contrast to movement and speed). You will notice more ad-
vanced practitioners perform hyung in this manner.
Hyung demands that techniques are executed with precision and power. It trains the body to
strike from different stances and different angles, as in fighting or self-defense scenarios.
Hyung trains one to move quickly and to use precise and stable stances for the execution of
solid techniques. Without this ability, one will be unable to control an opponent during battle.
Furthermore, if one cannot execute precise and powerful techniques in hyung, it will defi-
nitely not happen in the heat and chaos of having to defend oneself. As students advance,
hyung must begin to feel natural as if becoming “one” with the movements.
Finally it is important to understand the characteristic of the hyung being practiced. There
are three styles of martial arts that each hyung individually are characterized by. These are:
1. We Ga Ryu (外家流) or hard external style

2. Ne Ga Ryu (內家流) or soft internal style
3. Choong Ga Ryu (中家流) combination style or both hard and soft style
28
Important Points in Practicing Hyung
1. Each hyung needs to be practiced in the fixed order.

2. Each movement needs to be understood and practiced diligently. The movement must
be made correctly. The real application of each bunhae must be drilled.
3. The speed of each hyung needs to be regarded. Some are fast, and some are slow and
require concentration.
4. The movements must follow a certain rhythm. All movements are interconnected. Usu-
ally the end of one is the beginning of another movement.
5. While each form has a specific rhythm, certain points need to be made regarding execu-
tion. These are:
 Correct use of power
 Use of the Hu Ri or waist
 Smoothness in relation to speed of execution
 Flexibility of the body in relation to expansion and contraction of muscles
 Understanding of the use Ho Hup or proper breath control
Points to Improve Learning and Practicing Hyung
1. Do not try all the movements quickly. Each

movement requires its own speed and posi-
tion.
2. Lower the hips and assume a solid stance.
3. Practice proper breathing technique. Breath in
before the execution and exhale upon execu-
tion.
4. Move the body as a complete unit.
5. Know the connection between hyung and fight-
ing.
6. Practice repeatedly.
Different Forms of Hyung Practice
1. Slow and relaxed without concentration

2. Fast without concentration
3. Real speed and power as one would use the techniques in combat
4. Slow with contraction of each muscle group to strengthen the body
5. Slow and relaxed with deep breathing as in Tai Chi
6. Reverse training
7. Repeating certain sections of a hyung over and over
8. Practicing hyung with closed eyes
29
Independent Tang Soo Do Association Hyung Set
The following forms are those practiced by the Independent Tang Soo Do Association.
Where appropriate the history of the form, as well as additional information is provided. It is
highly recommended that students research the hyung on their own to foster a deeper un-
derstanding of the forms practiced.
Beginner Hyung
Kee Cho Hyung Il Bu 基初型一部

Kee Cho Hyung Ee Bu 基初型二部
Kee Cho Hyung Sam Bu 基初型三部
Early versions of these hyung have been dated at 1923 and added to the Tang Soo Do syl-
labus around the early 1940s. These hyung are Grandmaster Hwang Kee’s interpretations
of Gichin Funakoshi’s Taikyoku forms. The forms were created because the Pyung Ahn
hyung were deemed too advanced for beginning students. Although simple, they set the ba-
sis for all future hyung.
Hyung Set Required for 1st De-

gree Black Belt
Pyung Ahn Cho Dan 平安初段

Pyung Ahn Ee Dan 平安二段
Pyung Ahn Sam Dan 平安三段
Pyung Ahn Sa Dan 平安四段
Pyung Ahn Oh Dan 平安五段
Anko Itosu, noted by Grandmaster

Hwang Kee as Mr. Idos in his writ-
ings on Tang Soo Do, developed
the Pyung Ahn hyung around 1830.
Itosu was born in the Shuri region of
Okinawa and was a person of ex-
ceptional martial art skills. The lit-
eral translation of Pyung means
peaceful and calm. Ahn is translated as well balanced. It is believed that the martial artist,
after practice of the Pyung Ahn hyung, will be equipped to handle themselves in any self-
defense situation, thus developing a feeling of peace and balance. The animal representa-
tion of the Pyung Ahn hyung is the turtle.
30
Passai Dae 拔塞大
The history of the Passai hyung is relatively obscure. What is certain is that the hyung seem
to be derived from Chinese boxing styles. The opening move of Passai Dae starts with the
right fist covered by the left hand. This is a common hand gesture in China, hence the rea-
son it is believed to have Chinese origins. The characters representing the form can be in-
terpreted as “extract from a fortress” or “remove an obstruction”. This is thought to be in ref-
erence to the power from which the form should be executed, emphasizing energy genera-
tion from the waist. The suffix Dae means “large or greater.” There are two Passai hyung.
Passai So is required at Ee Dan or 2nd Degree black belt level.
Naihanchi Cho Dan 內步進初段
This form is considered to be one of the most important forms of classical martial arts. It is
characterized by a formal opening and side to side movements from the horse stance. Al-
though unlikely, many feel the form was developed to simulate fighting with ones back
against a wall. Whilst the hyung is linear, moving side to side, the techniques can be ap-
plied against attackers at any angle. The side to side movements in a low stance build up
the necessary balance and strength for fast footwork and body shifting. Some researchers
believe the form is a non-ballistic two-man grappling exercise. There are three forms in the
series and the other two Naihanchi forms (Ee Dan and Sam Dan) are not learned until black
belt. The form also appears to have its origins from Chinese martial arts.
Optional Hyung Before Black Belt

Chil Sung Ill Ro 七星一路形
Chil Sung Ee Ro 七星二路形
Chil Sung Sam Ro 七星三路形
The late Great Grandmaster Hwang Kee, founder of the Tang Soo Do martial art system and
the Moo Duk Kwan ( Institute of Martial Virtue), developed two form sets from his study of
the Muye Dobo Tong Ji 武藝圖譜通志. The two form sets he created were the Chil Sung and
Yuk Ro hyung sets. Chil Sung translated means “seven stars” which draws a parallel to the
ancient travelers who used seven stars to guide their way. So too can the martial artist use
the seven Chil Sung hyung (seven total) as a guide in their martial arts career. Our hyung
curriculm includes some of the Chil Sung and Yuk
Ro hyung and others as optional and as an addi-
tional learning opportunity.
1st Degree Black Belt Hyung

Jin Do (Chinto) 鎭東
Naihanchi Ee Dan 內步進初段
Chil Sung Sa Ro 七星三路形 (Optional)
Yuk Ro Cho Dan (Du Mon) 六路初段 (Optional)
31
2nd Degree Black Belt Hyung
Ro Hai (Lo Hai) 鷺牌
Naihanchi Sam Dan 內步進三段
Chil Sung O Ro 七星四路形 (Optional)
Kong Sang Koon So 公相君小 (Optional)
3rd Degree Black Belt Hyung

Kong Sang Koon Dae 公相君大
Sip Soo 十手
Passai So 拔塞小
Chil Sung Yuk Ro 七星六路形
(Optional)
The Kong Sang Koon hyung is

said to date to the 1700s. The
form is one of the most widely
practiced forms in martial arts
and is commonly reserved for
advanced practitioners. The form
itself was named after a Chinese
martial artist of reputed fame
and is said to be a collection of
the best techniques in martial
arts. Kong Sang Koon Dae is
the original form. Kong Sang
Koon So was created some time
after the formulation of the origi-
nal. So it means “lesser” as it does with the Passai Hyung. Kong Sang Koon So, although
not as physically demanding as Dae, is a very dynamic form and it is not widely practiced
in Tang So Do circles today.
4th Degree Black Belt Hyung

Wang Shu 腕秀
Ssi San / Seisan 十三
Chil Sung Chil Ro 七星七路形 (Optional)
Yuk Ro Sa Dan (Yang Pyun) 六路四段 (Optional)
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Kicho Hyung Ill Bu
As mentioned, the practice of forms enhances our balance, power, focus, timing, and speed.
The beginning forms start out very basic and become more advanced as one progresses
through the ranks of Tang Soo Do. Kicho Hyung Ill Bu is the first form of Tang Soo Do, and
as such, is very simple. This basic pattern is utilized in increasingly complex patterns as new
forms are learned.
The form contains only two techniques, Ha Dan Mahk Kee and Choong Dan Kong Kyuck
put together in a particular sequence of 22 movements.
Kicho Hyung Il Bu Diagram
Start
Choon Bee Ja Seh
Legend
Ha Dan Mahk Kee Ha Dan Mahk Kee
Choong Dan Kong Kuck
Choong Dan Kong Kyuck
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Bunhae Ki Sul
分解術 / 분해 기술
Practical Application of Technique
Bunhae Ki Sul is the ’practical application of the techniques and concepts of the tradi-
tional Tang Soo Do Hyung in a combative setting.’ In the Tang Soo Do community the
practice of Bunhae Ki Sul is unique to the Independent Tang Soo Do Association. This
statement is made because of the belief that the techniques contained in the Tang Soo Do
Hyung are not widely practiced in a practical application setting. In the traditional Japanese
martial art systems the term Bunkai is generally used. ‘Bunhae’ in Korean means to break
down or analyze and ‘Ki Sul’ means technique.
The practice of Hyung or Kata in Japanese is common and traditional Tang Soo Do shares
many of its hyung with other martial arts systems. The forms we practice can be found in
Shotokan Karate, Isshin Ryu and Shito Ryu Karate-do systems, not to mention some of the
older Chinese styles of fighting. Many people practice the forms, but few practice them in
way that lets the practitioner understand how to utilize the techniques in any practical com-
bative setting. If you study the writings of past Karate-do masters you will find that they
placed an exceptional amount of emphasis on the practice of hyung. There must have been
a reason why! That reason is that the form set of Tang Soo Do or Karate-do contains a
complete and very effective fighting style!
Forms training has always been the foundation of Tang Soo Do. In order to understand the
concepts in hyung, a study of the history and development of modern Karate-do is essential.
The majority of our Tang Soo Do hyung have their origins in Okinawa. In 1901 the great Ka-
rate master Anko Itosu, referred to as Mr. Idos by the late Grandmaster Hwang Kee, suc-
cessfully campaigned to get karate into the Japanese school system. He believed the origi-
nal techniques contained in the forms were too dangerous to teach and he changed the
techniques to suit his audience. Another important point is that the names of the techniques
were purposely mislabeled. So a ‘downward/low block’ or an ‘inside to outside block’ isn’t
necessarily the actual application of the technique. When studying Bunhae Ki Sul, be sure
that the name or label of the technique doesn’t mislead you.
In addition, you must understand that the majority of karate schools today practice their art
in a way that was ‘watered down’ in order to hide the true intent of the techniques from the
majority of practitioners. That’s not to say that the practice of forms does not have a pur-
pose without understanding the techniques. It does and that it solely for health benefits
such as the increase of strength and flexibility. But even Itosu himself wrote that “You must
decide whether your forms training is for cultivating health or for its practical use and appli-
cation.”
34
In conclusion, if you want to get the most out of your Tang Soo Do training, you need to
understand that the hyung of Tang Soo Do are a record of highly effective fighting tech-
niques and concepts that were refined over many years. These techniques were ob-
scured from the average student of the martial arts for many different reasons.
What follows are some examples of Bunhae Ki Sul from the traditional hyung of Tang Soo
Do. This is not all-encompassing since it is up to the individual practitioner to study, prac-
tice, and perfect the techniques contained in the hyung in a dynamic and combative set-
ting. Additionally, it is important to remember that individual techniques in hyung often
have multiple applications!
Bunhae Ki Sul Techniques
Kee Cho Hyung Ill Bu (Form #1)
 Opening Sequence
Utilizing the low block, seize and control the opponent’s lead
arm to throw the opponent off-balance. Follow with a stepping
punch to the head or to the kidneys. Be sure to step behind the
opponents front leg.
 180-Degree Turn and Low Block

Grab the opponent and pull them over your front leg for a take
down. This is the purpose of the turning low block.
 90-Degree Turn and Low Block

From the ‘clinch’ where the opponent has grabbed you, the
chamber technique for the low block can be used as an elbow
strike to the opponent’s jaw. Utilize the 90-degree turn and low
block to throw the opponent off-balance and take him down.
Follow with a finishing technique.
 270-Degree Turn and Low Block (top of the ‘I’ pattern)

Following the third center punch, step behind the opponent’s leg
and grab the opponent and execute a ‘floating hip throw’.
Note: Multiple techniques in hyung teach that either the

technique repeated has significant importance or that the technique is repeated in
multiple succession against an attacker or opponent.
Additionally, techniques are practiced in most hyung from both sides, giving you op-
tions should the opponent take an opposite-sided stance or even an unorthodox
fighting stance.
35
Kee Cho Hyung Ee Bu (Form #2)
Many of the practical applications from form #1 are repeated in form #2. In addi-
tion to them are the following:
Utilizing the low block, seize and control the opponents lead arm to throw the oppo-
nent off-balance. The high punch in form #2 builds on form #1 by teaching that you
still punch the opponent in the head by executing the high punch. Be sure to step
behind the opponents front leg.
 The High Blocks

The high blocks have multiple applications. They can be
utilized as a high defense against a high strike. Addition-
ally, the high block chamber can be used as a defense
against a grab from an opponent in a clinch. Use the
chamber to off-balance the opponent and then use the
blocking motion as a strike to the opponents jaw or carotid
sinus.
Kee Cho Hyung Sam Bu (Form #3)
Utilizing the inside to outside block, seize and control the opponent’s lead arm.
This is accomplished by using the back hand from the chambering of the technique
and creating a ‘trap’ of the opponents lead arm. Utilize the blocking motion to
strike the carotid sinus, jaw, or back of the head.
 Side Punches
Utilization of the side punch creates a clear opportunity to shoot to the side of the
opponent. At the third side punch, utilize the 270-degree turn as a ‘hip throw.’
Maximize the efficiency of the throw by using the turning inside to outside block to
maintain a secure grip.
 270-Degree Turn and Low Block (top of the ‘I’ pattern)

Following the third center punch, step behind the opponent’s leg and grab the op-
ponent and execute a ‘floating hip throw’.
Note: Multiple techniques in hyung teach that either the technique repeated has
significant importance or that the technique is repeated in multiple succession
against an attacker or opponent.
36
Pyung Ahn Cho Dan (First Pyung Ahn Form)
Many of the practical applications from Pyung Ahn Cho Dan are repeated from
form #1, # 2, and #3 in addition to teaching the following:
 Retracting Low Block and Hammer Fist

The 4th move in Pyung Ahn Cho has multiple applications. This can be used as a
wrist release from a same side wrist grab, followed by a hammer fist strike or back
knuckle strike, followed by a stepping punch. The technique can also be used in
much the same manner as the high blocks in form #2 as well as Pyung Ahn Cho
Dan. Use the motion to throw the opponent off-balance from the clinch and follow
with the hammer strike.
 Low Knife Hand Blocks

When applying the low knife hand blocks at the end of Pyung Ahn Cho Dan, it is
important to remember that the ‘defense’ is in the initial chambering before the ac-
tual execution of the block. Defend an attacker’s punch by bringing the hands up
to the chamber position. The first low knife block is used to redirect the attacker’s
limb. The 2nd low knife block is the actual strike to the attackers groin or mid-
section. It becomes apparent why the second low knife hand block is delivered at
a 45-degree angle. It is the angle at which you are in relation to the opponent .
Pyung Ahn Ee Dan (Second Pyung Ahn Form)
Contains a drawing block and simultaneous punch to the attacker’s jaw. Follow
with an upper cut. Maintain control of the opponent and deliver a forearm smash to
the attacker’s jaw.
 Middle Knife Hand Blocks

The middle knife blocks can not only be utilized as defensive technique, but as
both a defensive block and a strike to an opponents carotid sinus.
37
 The Back Center Line Techniques
Used to seize the initiative or as a defense against a front hand punch. This is the
interpretation of the clearing technique following the previous 45-degree knife
hand technique. This technique sets the opponent up for the techniques that fol-
low.
The reverse inside to outside block can be utilized as a controlling technique. We

discussed how difficult it is to use an inside to outside block as a blocking tech-
nique against any kind of strike by an aggressor. It is virtually impossible, so
there must be a true reason or it wouldn’t be in the form!
This is followed by taking the opponent down and finishing with a reverse punch
and a dropping elbow technique, which is a more practical application of the last
reverse inside to outside block.
Pyung Ahn Sam Dan (Third Pyung Ahn Form)
The opening sequence has multiple applications. The techniques with the alternat-
ing simultaneous downward block and inside to outside block can be used as a
wrist release and a strike to the jaw. This motion from these techniques can also
be used as an arm lock.
 The 180-Degree Turn with Hands on Hips

This technique is used as a head lock, followed by a throw.
38
 The Outside To Inside Kick Sequence
Strike at the attackers knee with the outside
to inside kick. This will turn the opponent.
Follow with an elbow strike to the head. The
back knuckle has multiple applications includ-
ing a strike, arm bar, and even a head lock.
 The Step Up (Circle) After the Punch

This technique takes the opponent off-balance by sweeping the
front leg (the circle step). The next technique is a throw which is
set up by the off-balancing technique.
Pyung Ahn Sa Dan (Fourth Pyung Ahn Form)
This sequence has multiple applications. The technique can
simply be used as a defense against a back hand strike and a
simultaneous strike to the opponent’s carotid sinus.
 High Block and Knife Strike - Front Kick Sequence

Defend against an incoming high strike from the opponent and
strike to opponents neck. Push the head down and deliver a
knee strike / front snap kick. Finish with a dropping elbow strike
to the back of the opponents neck. This is the purpose of the jumping back
knuckle strike.
39
 Turning Open Hand, Front Kick, Punch Sequence
Although this has multiple applications, the first technique can be used as a re-
lease from a lapel grab with both hands from the opponent. Follow with a front kick
to the opponent’s groin. The two punches (execute the punches while maintaining
your grip on the opponent’s wrists) are used to unbalance the opponent and to set
up for a finish technique.
Pyung Ahn Oh Dan (Fifth Pyung Ahn Form)
The sequence has multiple applications. The techniques
can be used to remove the opponent’s defense and follow
with a strike to the kidney or head. Bringing the hands to
the side is a take down using the opponents head.
 High Block and Knife Strike - Step and Punch Sequence

Defend against an incoming high strike from the opponent
and strike to the opponent’s neck. Pull the opponent’s
hand down and deliver an open hand knife strike to the
head. The step and punch sets up the next sequence.
 Inside Outside Block - Turning Back Outside Inside Kick

Hook the right arm under the attacker’s shoulder. Use the left arm to pull the at-
tacker’s arm and execute a hip throw taking the opponent to the ground. Finish
with a stomp to the attacker.
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 Outside to Inside Kick - Elbow Strike
Seize the attackers lead arm and execute an outside to inside
kick to the knee. This will turn the opponent and set them up for
an elbow strike to the back of the head.
 Groin Strikes - Low Block/Inside Outside Block

These techniques are simple groin strikes. Additionally the tech-
nique can be applied by moving behind the opponent and con-
trolling the jaw. Execute the technique as in the form .
The purpose of this section was to give the average practitioner a ba-
sic understanding of the purpose of the traditional hyung of Tang Soo
Do. The complete form set ,including the basic forms (the Pyung Ahn
Forms), as well as the advanced forms (including the Naihanchi
Hyung, Passai, Chinto and others) are the ‘fighting style’ of modern
karate-do systems including Tang Soo Do.
Many of the techniques contained in the Pyung Ahn Forms can be

found in the more advanced forms. Again, it is up to the individual
student to find practical applications contained in their required
hyung. As a general rule of thumb, remember that “there are no
wrong answers when looking at practical application of tech-
niques, rather there are some answers that are better than oth-
ers.”
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Gup Combinations
th
10 Gup White Belt through 4th Gup Green Belt
Adult Students (Children Optional)
At the heart of South Hills Karate Academy’s curriculum are the Hyung set , Gup Combinations, Sam Gup
Dae Ryun, Dae Ryun, and Bunhae Ki Sul (분해/分解), and for children, long distance sparring.
The 12 Gup Combinations (10th Gup White Belt - 4th Gup Green Belt)
Adults Only
Gup Combinations
#1 Low block followed by a reverse punch in front stance with a kihap
#2 Front snap kick followed by a high back knuckle strike with a kihap
#3 High block followed by a reverse elbow strike with a kihap
#4 Turning side kick followed by a high block with a kihap
#5 Side block from cat stance followed by a front snap kick with the front
leg, set into a hugul jaseh with a kihap
#6 Round kick with the back leg followed by a side block in a hugul jaseh
with a kihap
#7 Step forward into horse stance and execute an outside to inside block
followed by an elbow strike with the same arm with a kihap
#8 Step and side hook kick, followed by a back knuckle strike from the
horse stance with a kihap
#9 From fighting stance, back leg front snap kick, followed by a turning side
kick, set into a fighting stance with a kihap
#10 From fighting stance, back leg round kick, followed by a back hook kick,
set into a fighting stance with a kihap
#11 Step into horse stance and execute a back knuckle defense, followed by
a step in front side kick, set into a horse stance with a kihap
#12 Back kick followed by a back knuckle strike and finish in a horse stance
with the back knuckle strike extended with a kihap
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Advanced Red Belt Combinations
3rd Gup Red Belt up to Cho Dan (1st Degree Black Belt)
Adults and Children
The 6 Advanced Red Belt Combinations combine the12 beginner combinations into advanced training combi-
nations.
Advanced Combinations
Cho Dan Sam Gup - Combination #1 Step left leg first into front stance and low block from front stance, re-
verse punch, back leg front snap kick, back fist, reverse punch
Ee Dan Sam Gup - Combination #2 Step left leg front stance and high block from front stance, reverse el-
bow strike, knee strike, turning side kick, high block, reverse elbow
strike
Sam Dan Sam Gup -Combination #3 Step left leg and side block from fighting stance, front leg front snap
kick, back leg round with the ball of the foot, side block, yuk jin
(reverse punch from cat stance)
Sa Dan Sam Gup - Combination #4 Step forward into horse stance and execute an outside to inside block
followed by an elbow strike with the same arm. Step and side hook
kick, followed by a back knuckle strike from the horse stance
Oh Dan Sam Gup - Combination #5 From fighting stance, back leg front snap kick, followed by a turning
side kick, back leg round kick, followed by a back hook kick
Yuk Dan Sam Gup - Combination #6 Step into horse stance and execute a back knuckle defense, followed
by a step-in-front side kick, follow with a back kick, followed by a back
knuckle strike and finish with a reverse punch
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Sam Gup Dae Ryun
Advanced Combination Sparring Requirements
3rd Gup Red Belt - Cho Dan (1st Degree Midnight Blue)
Applicable To Cho Dan Sam Gup (Combination #1)
Number Challenger Action Defender Action
#1 Start from the right leg back low block Execute the entire advanced combination #1. De-
position. Step forward with a middle fend with a low block and counter with a middle
punch to the solar plexus. punch to the solar plexus, a front snap kick to the
solar plexus followed by a back knuckle strike to
the temple and a reverse punch to the solar
plexus.
Applicable To Ee Dan Sam Gup (Combination #2)

#2 Start from the right leg back low block Defend with a high block and counter with a re-
position. Step forward with a middle verse elbow strike to the jaw followed by a soo do
punch to the solar plexus. strike to the back of the neck. Pull the defender in
and execute a knee kick to the midsection. Set the
kicking foot down and with the right leg execute an
Ahp Podo Oil Ri Gi action to sweep the challeng-
ers front leg. With the challenger on the ground,
execute a reverse punch to the face.
Applicable To Sam Dan Sam Gup (Combination #3)

#3 Start from the right leg back low block Defend with a side block from the cat stance posi-
position. Step forward with a middle tion and execute a front leg middle kick to the ribs
punch to the solar plexus. Additional followed by a round kick with the ball of the foot to
action: upon completion of the defend- the challenger’s solar plexus. Defend against the
ers round kick, execute a reverse punch. challenger’s reverse punch using a side block mo-
tion and counter with a reverse punch to the solar
plexus from the cat stance position.
Applicable To Sa Dan Sam Gup (Combination #4)

#4 Start from the right leg back low block Defend with an outside to inside block from the
position. Step forward with a middle horse stance and counter with an elbow strike
punch to the solar plexus. (same arm) to the solar plexus. Using the side
hook kick with the right leg, sweep the chal-
lenger’s front foot and take the challenger to the
ground. Finish with a back knuckle strike to the
face.
44
Applicable To Oh Dan Sam Gup (Combination #5)
#5 Start from the right leg back low block Step back with the left leg into a sparring stance
position. Step forward with a middle and defend by executing a front snap kick, a turn-
punch to the solar plexus. ing side kick to the ribs with the left leg followed by
a round kick to the head. Finish with a back hook
kick and return to a sparring position.
Applicable To Yuk Dan Sam Gup (Combination #6) - Note the Defender Starts the Action
#6 Start from the right leg back low block Step back with the left leg into a horse stance and
position. Step forward with a high execute a back knuckle defense . Follow with a
punch. Additional action: step back right leg side kick to the ribs. Follow with a back
with the right leg into a sparring kick with the left leg back kick followed by a left
stance. hand back knuckle strike. Finish with a reverse
punch to the ribs.
Children’s Long Distance Sparring

11 Years Old and Younger
10th Gup White Belt through 4th Gup Green Belt
Both Partners start by stepping back with the right leg into a comfortable fighting stance.
A. Each combination begins as the practitioner executes a low block with the left hand in a full front stance
followed by reverse punch with the right hand (front stance) followed by the kicking techniques described
below.
B. Each combination ends with the practitioner executing a reverse middle punch and a high punch in front
stance.
1. Right leg front snap kick followed by a back leg round kick.
2. Right leg round kick followed by a back leg round kick.
3. Right leg round kick, back leg round kick, back snap kick.
4. Right leg round kick, back leg round kick, jump front snap kick.
5. Right leg round kick, jump side kick, back kick.
6. Right leg round kick, back leg round kick, back snap kick, back snap kick.
7. Right leg outside to inside crescent kick followed by a jump back kick.
8. Right leg inside to outside crescent kick, skipping front leg round kick, finish with a back crescent kick.
45
Gup Testing Requirements
White Belt to Yellow Belt
10th Gup to 9th Gup
Basic Hand and Foot Techniques

Ahp Podo Oll Ri Gi Front stretch kick
Choong Dan Pal Pa Kee Center punching practice
Sang Dan Mahk Kee High block
Ha Dan Mahk Kee Low block
Ahneso Phakuro Mahk Kee Inside to outside block
Choog Dan Kong Kyuck Middle punch
Ahp Cha Gi Front kick (middle and high)
Dull Ryo Cha Gi Round kick
Combination Requirement
Gup Combination Combination #1
Form Requirements
Kicho Hyung Ill Bu Basic form #1
Bunhae Ki Sul (Practical Application)
1-2 Practical Combative Applications from Kicho Hyung Ill Bu
Children
Long Distance Sparring #1 (Children)
Dae Ryun
Free Sparring One-on-one
Terminology/History
Dobalk Uniform
Dojang Training center
Sa Bom Nim Master Instructor (4th Degree-7th Degree)
Tang Soo Do The art that we study (China Hand Way)
Origin of Tang Soo Do Korea
In Neh (Endurance)
10 push ups
Yellow Belt to Orange Belt

9th Gup to 8th Gup

All hand and foot techniques required for 9th Gup
Hu Gul Yup Mahk Kee Side block, fighting stance
Choong Dan Soo Do Mahk Kee Middle knife hand block, fighting stance
Ha Dan Soo Do Mahk Kee Low knife hand block
Tora Yup Cha Gi Side kick from back leg
Dwi Cha Gi Back kick
E Dan Ahp Cha Gi Jump front kick
46
Form Requirements
Kicho Hyung Ee Bu Basic Form #2
Kicho Hyung Sam Bu Basic Form #3
1-2 practical combative applications from Kicho Hyung Ee Bu
and Hyung Sam Bu
Children
Long distance sparring #2 (Children)
Dae Ryun
Free sparring One-on-one
Kyok Pa (Breaking)
Hammer-fist Children
Reverse Soo Do Strike Adults
Terminology/History
All terminology required for 9th Gup
Choon Bee Jaseh Ready stance
Cha Ryut Attention
Kyung Ret Bow
In Neh (Endurance)
15 push ups
Orange Belt to Orange/Stripe

8th Gup to 7th Gup

Tuel Oh Sang Dan Kong Kyuk Reverse high punch
Ahneso Phakuro Mahk Kee Inside/Outside block
Pahkeso Ahnuro Mahk Kee Outside/Inside block
Yuk Jin Kong Kyuk Center punch in Hu Gul stance
Pahkeso Ahnuro Cha Gi Outside/Inside crescent kick
Ahneso Phakuro Cha Gi Inside/Outside crescent kick
Ahp Bahl Ahp Cha Nut Gi Front leg snap kick
E Dan Ahp Cha Nut Gi Jumping front kick
Form Requirements
Kicho Hyung Sam Bu Basic Form #3
Pyung Ahn Cho Dan First Pyung Ahn form
1-2 practical combative applications from Kicho Hyung Sam Bu
and Pyung Ahn Cho Dan
Children
Dae Ryun
47
Kyok Pa (Breaking)
Downward Soo Do strike Children
Reverse punch Adults (Women have option of palm strike)
Terminology/History
All terminology required for 9th Gup and 8th Gup
“Pyung Ahn” from hyung Pyung” meaning Balanced, Calm, Peaceful / “Ahn” meaning Confi-
dent, Comfortable
In Neh (Endurance)
10 push ups
10 crunches
10 body weight squats
Orange w/Stripe to Green Belt

7th Gup to 6th Gup

Choong Dan Ssang Soo Mahk Kee Two fist middle block
Choong Dan Soo Do Mahk Kee High knife hand block
Sang Dan Soo Do Mahk Kee High knife hand block
Kwan Soo Kong Kyuk Spear hand strike
Chun Jin Pahkeso Ahnuro Cha Gi Outside/Inside crescent kick, advancing
Yup Cha Nut Gi Side kick
Yup Huri Hi Side hook kick
Form Requirements
Pyung Ahn Cho Dan First Pyung Ahn Form
Pyung Ahn Ee Dan Second Pyung Ahn Form
1-2 practical combative applications from Pyung Ahn Cho Dan
and Pyung Ahn Ee Dan
Children
Dae Ryun
Kyok Pa (Breaking)
Elbow strike or step side kick Children
Elbow strike or step side kick Adults
Terminology/History
At the request of the testing board
In Neh (Endurance)
12 Push ups
12 Crunches
12 Body weight squats
48
Green Belt to Green w/Stripe
6th Gup to 5th Gup

Ha Dan Sang Soo Mahk Kee Two fist low X block
Choong Dan Sang Soo Mahk Kee Two fist middle block
Sang Dan Sang Soo Mahk Kee High X block
Hand Combinations At the request of the examiner
Dwi Huri Gi Spinning heel kick
Kicking Combinations At the request of the examiner
Form Requirements
Pyung Ahn Ee Dan Second Pyung Ahn form
Pyung Ahn Sam Dan Third Pyung Ahn form
Chil Sung Ee Ro (Optinal) Second Chil Sung form
1-2 practical combative applications from Pyung Ahn Ee Dan
and Pyung Ahn Sam Dan
Children
Daerun
Kyok Pa (Breaking)
Flying side kick Children
Flying side kick Adults
Terminology/History
In Neh (Endurance)
15 Push ups
15 Crunches
Green w/Stripe to Green w/Two Stripes

5th Gup to 4th Gup

Hand Techniques At the request of the examiner
Kicking Techniques At the request of the examiner
Form Requirements
Pyung Ahn Sam Dan Third Pyung Ahn Form
Pyung Ahn Sa Dan Fourth Pyung Ahn Form
49
1-2 practical combative applications from Pyung Ahn Sam Dan
and Pyung Ahn Sa Dan
Children
Daerun
Kyok Pa (Breaking)
Jump front snap kick Children
Jump front snap kick Adults
Terminology/History
In Neh (Endurance)
20 Push ups
20 Crunches
Green w/Two Stripes to Red Belt

4th Gup to 3rd Gup

Form Requirements
Pyung Ahn Sa Dan Fourth Pyung Ahn Form
Pyung Ahn Oh Dan Fifth Pyung Ahn Form
1-2 practical combative applications from Pyung Ahn Sa Dan
and Pyung Oh Dan
Children
Long distance sparring #1 - #8 (Children)
Daerun
Kyok Pa (Breaking)
Back hook kick Children
Back hook kick Adults
Terminology/History
In Neh (Endurance)
10 Pahl Put Ki Basic punches from horse stance
10 Push ups
10 Crunches
50
Red to Red w/One Stripe
3rd Gup to 2nd Gup

Advanced Combination Advanced Combination #1 and #2
Form Requirements
Pyung Ahn Oh Dan Fifth Pyung Ahn form
Passai Dae Second Passai form
Chil Sung Il Ro (optional) First Chil Sung form
Sam Gup Dae Ryun - Combination Sparring
Applicable to
Cho Dan Sam Gup Combination #1
Ee Dan Sam Gup Combination #2
1-2 practical combative applications from Pyung Ahn Oh Dan
and Passai Dae
Daerun
Kyok Pa (Breaking)
360 Jump back kick
Terminology/History
In Neh (Endurance )
15 Pahl Put Ki Basic punches from horse stance
15 Push ups
15 Crunches
Red w/Stripe to Red w/Two Stripes
2rd Gup to 1st Gup
Form Requirements
Passai Dae Second Passai form
Naihanchi Cho Dan First Naihanchi form
Chil Sung Sam Ro (optional) Third Chil Sung form
Applicable to
Sam Dan Sam Gup Combination #3
Sa Dan Sam Gup Combination #4
1-2 Practical Combative Applications from Passai Dae
and Naihanchi Cho Dan
51
Dae Ryun
Kyok Pa (Breaking)
360 Jump back kick
Terminology/History
In Neh (Endurance)
20 Pahl put ki Basic punches from horse stance
20 Push ups
20 Crunches
Red w/Two Stripes to Red w/Three Stripes

1st Gup to 1st Pre-test

Form Requirements
Ki Cho Hyung Ill Bu through Pyung Ahn Oh Dan (continuous)
Passai Dae
Naihanchi Cho Dan
Chil Sung Hyung (any optional Chil Sung form that has been learned)
Applicable to
Sam Dan Sam Gup Combination #5
Sa Dan Sam Gup Combination #6

1-2 practical combative applications from any of the required hyung
Dae Ryun
Kyok Pa (Breaking)
Running jump round kick
Terminology/History
Specific knowledge of Tang Soo Do Moo Do Kwan culture, philosophy, etiquette, and terminology
In Neh (Endurance)
Pahl Put Ki Basic punches from horse stance for 1 minute. Must meet 120
repetitions.
52
Red w/Three Stripes to Red w/Four Stripes
1st Gup to 2nd Pre-test

This portion of testing to be conducted in Korean only
Ha Dan Mahk Kee
Sang Dan Kong Kyuk
Choong Dan Kong Kyuk
Sang Dan Mahk Kee
Ahneso Phakuro Mahk Kee
Wheng Jin Kong Kyuk
Hugul Yup Mahk Kee
Ha Dan Soo Do Mahk Kee
Choong Dan Soo Do Mahk Kee
Chun Gul Ssang Soo Mahk Kee
Ha Dan Mahk Ko, Tuel Oh Sang Dan Kyong Kyuk
Sang Dan Mahk Ko, Tuel Oh Pal Koop Kong Kyuk
Ahp Cha Go, Tuel Oh Sang Dan Kong Kyuk
Ha Dan Mahk Ko, Ahneso Pahkero Mahk Ko, Tuel Oh Choong Dan Kong Kyuk
Sang Dan Mahk Ko, Tuel Oh Ha Dan Mahk Ko, Wheng Jin Kong Kyuk
Wheng Jin Kong Kyuk, Hu Jin Hu Gul Yup Mahk Kee
Ee Dan Ahp Cha Go, Tuel Oh Choong Dan Kong Kyuk
All Advanced Combinations Combinations #1 - #6
Form Requirements
Passai Dae
Naihanchi Cho Dan
Il Soo Sik (One Step Sparring)
Applicable to Combinations #1- #6
Dae Ryun
Kyok Pa (Breaking)
Speed Break (hand or foot) or Jump Back (Adults 2 boards/Children 1 board
Terminology/History
Specific knowledge of Tang Soo Do Moo Do Kwan culture, philosophy, etiquette, and terminology
In Neh (Endurance)
repetitions.
53
Red w/Four Stripes to Midnight Blue
1st Gup to Cho-Dan
General Requirements
 Good knowledge and ability in all lower rank requirements
 Assist in teaching and carrying out class responsibilities with ability to conduct formal classes with
the approval of Sa Bom Nim Garbowsky
 Excellent general knowledge of Tang Soo Do philosophies and an ability to explain the relationship
between forms, mental discipline, and spiritual growth
This portion of testing to be conducted in Korean only
Ha Dan Mahk Kee
Sang Dan Kong Kyuk
Choong Dan Kong Kyuk
Sang Dan Mahk Kee
Ahneso Phakuro Mahk Kee
Wheng Jin Kong Kyuk
Hugul Yup Mahk Kee
Ha Dan Soo Do Mahk Kee
Choong Dan Soo Do Mahk Kee
Chun Gul Ssang Soo Mahk Kee
Ha Dan Mahk Ko, Tuel Oh Sang Dan Kyong Kyuk
Sang Dan Mahk Ko, Tuel Oh Pal Koop Kong Kyuk
Ahp Cha Go, Tuel Oh Sang Dan Kong Kyuk
Ha Dan Mahk Ko, Ahneso Pahkero Mahk Ko, Tuel Oh Choong Dan Kong Kyuk
Sang Dan Mahk Ko, Tuel Oh Ha Dan Mahk Ko, Wheng Jin Kong Kyuk
Wheng Jin Kong Kyuk, Hu Jin Hu Gul Yup Mahk Kee
Ee Dan Ahp Cha Go, Tuel Oh Choong Dan Kong Kyuk
All Advanced Combinations Combinations #1 - #6
Form Requirements
Passai Dae
Naihanchi Cho Dan
Il Soo Sik (One Step Sparring)
Applicable to Combinations #1- #6
Dae Ryun
Kyok Pa (Breaking)
Three station break (1 hand and 2 foot techniques)
In Neh (Endurance)
repetitions.
Essay Requirements
Two Written Essays (500-1000 words total)
1. Discuss the meaning, history, and techniques of the Passai Dae hyung
2. Discuss the topic “What Tang Soo Do Means to Me”
54

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Independent Tang Soo Do

Published May, 2013

Master Gene Garbowsky

History of Tang Soo Do ..................................................................... 4

Goguryeo was founded in 37 BC in northern Korea. The Silla Dy-

About Kwan Jang Nim Gene Garbowsky

Since this time Master Gar-

In January 2012 at the urging of various other

South Hills Karate Academy’s 2nd

Back Row: Masters, C. Terrigno, A.

The primary objectives of the Association are to pre-

As a martial artist you will receive a number of bene-

This is achieved by providing learning and sharing opportunities

The Association will remain a member-friendly organization and will

獨立唐手道協會 is the hanja or Chinese characters

The Association’s Core Principles

Respect refers to the respect that is developed

Tang Soo Do Ten Articles of Faith

The Association’s Responsibilities of Students

The Independent Tang Soo Do Association’s Responsibilities of

Entering the Dojang

Starting the Class

Cha Ryut Attention

Kwan Jang Nim Ke Kyung Yet Bow to Grand Master

2. Under no circumstance is a student to leave class without permission. To do so will

3. Questions to the instructor or senior members should be preceded by a bow. If a student

Practicing Outside of the Dojang

In addition to practicing the techniques of Tang Soo Do, stu-

1. Warm Up - loosen the joints, rotate arms and shoulders.

RANK BELT STRIPES TRIM

The red stripe for 4th Dan (Master) and above

Belt Color Meanings

Black (Midnight Blue) Belt

How to tie your belt:

1. Fold your belt in half to find the center.

Tang Soo Do The name of the art we study

Basic Stances (Gi Cho Ja Seh)

Choon Bee Ja Seh Ready stance

Tulio / Turo Reverse

Commands In Starting and Closing Class

Cha Ryut Attention

Pahl Put Kee Basic punching from horse stance

Basic Techniques (Kicking)

Ahp Podo Oil Ri Gi Front stretch kick

Sparring (Deh Ryun)

Sam Soo Shik Deh Ryun Three-step sparring

Numbers and Counting

Characteristics of Tang Soo Do

1. It is natural and reasonable to practice Tang Soo Do as a martial art.

Matters That Demand Special Attention In Tang Soo Do

1. Purpose of training should be enhancement of the mental and physical self.

Ten Points of Emphasis

The Five Requisites and Eleven Points of Emphasis on Mental Training

Eleven Points of Emphasis

1. We Ga Ryu (外家流) or hard external style

1. Each hyung needs to be practiced in the fixed order.

Points to Improve Learning and Practicing Hyung

1. Do not try all the movements quickly. Each

Different Forms of Hyung Practice