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    Nocturnal Radiationcooling

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    AbishaTeslin
    Passive cooling for buildings is mostly relevant for hot climates. It aims to prevent or reduce heat entering a building and remove heat once inside. Techniques include evaporative cooling, nocturnal radiation cooling, passive desiccant cooling, earth sheltering, and earth cooling. Nocturnal radiation cooling uses a building's roof to take advantage of heat loss through radiation to the night sky, as the sky is cooler than most surfaces. The theoretical potential for cooling is large in many locations, but physical limitations mean only a portion of cooling can be effectively utilized. Proposed systems like the Nightcool building integrated cooling system use the metal roof as a radiator at night to sensibly cool interior air through the attic space

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    Nocturnal Radiationcooling

    Uploaded by

    AbishaTeslin
    20 views9 pages
    Passive cooling for buildings is mostly relevant for hot climates. It aims to prevent or reduce heat entering a building and remove heat once inside. Techniques include evaporative cooling, nocturnal radiation cooling, passive desiccant cooling, earth sheltering, and earth cooling. Nocturnal radiation cooling uses a building's roof to take advantage of heat loss through radiation to the night sky, as the sky is cooler than most surfaces. The theoretical potential for cooling is large in many locations, but physical limitations mean only a portion of cooling can be effectively utilized. Proposed systems like the Nightcool building integrated cooling system use the metal roof as a radiator at night to sensibly cool interior air through the attic space

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    Passive cooling for buildings is mostly relevant for hot climates. It aims to prevent or reduce heat entering a building and remove heat once inside. Techniques include evaporative cooling, nocturnal radiation cooling, passive desiccant cooling, earth sheltering, and earth cooling. Nocturnal radiation cooling uses a building's roof to take advantage of heat loss through radiation to the night sky, as the sky is cooler than most surfaces. The theoretical potential for cooling is large in many locations, but physical limitations mean only a portion of cooling can be effectively utilized. Proposed systems like the Nightcool building integrated cooling system use the metal roof as a radiator at night to sensibly cool interior air through the attic space

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    20 views9 pages

    Nocturnal Radiationcooling

    Uploaded by

    AbishaTeslin
    Passive cooling for buildings is mostly relevant for hot climates. It aims to prevent or reduce heat entering a building and remove heat once inside. Techniques include evaporative cooling, nocturnal radiation cooling, passive desiccant cooling, earth sheltering, and earth cooling. Nocturnal radiation cooling uses a building's roof to take advantage of heat loss through radiation to the night sky, as the sky is cooler than most surfaces. The theoretical potential for cooling is large in many locations, but physical limitations mean only a portion of cooling can be effectively utilized. Proposed systems like the Nightcool building integrated cooling system use the metal roof as a radiator at night to sensibly cool interior air through the attic space

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 9

    Passive cooling for buildings is mostly relevant to hot climatic zones.

    The prime
    intent of passive cooling is to prevent heat (or reduce heat flux) from entering the
    building or remove heat once it has entered. These concepts use solar energy or
    other natural cooling sources (radiative cooling, evaporative cooling, natural
    ventilation, etc.). The applicability of these depends to a large extent on the
    prevailing climatic conditions, for instance, evaporative cooling is effective in hot
    and dry climates only. Passive cooling techniques maximize building envelope
    efficiency by minimizing heat gain from the external environment and by facilitating
    heat loss to the external environment. Some commonly used passive cooling
    concepts are:
    a) evaporative cooling,
    b) nocturnal radiation cooling,
    c) passive desiccant cooling,
    d) earth sheltering / berming,
    e) earth- cooling.
    Using a building’s roof to take
    advantage of radiation to the
    night sky as a heat sink to reduce
    space cooling. It is based on the
    principle of heat loss by long
    wave radiation from one surface
    to another body at a lower
    temperature.
    In case of buildings the cooled
    surfaces are those of the building
    shell and the heat sink is the sky
    since the sky temperature is
    lower than the temperature of
    most earth bound objects.
    THEORETICAL POTENTIAL …

    •The Night cooling resource is large in enticing for residential energy-efficiency


    applications. On a clear desert night, a typical sky facing surface at 27oc will cool at a
    rate of about 75W/m2.

    •Night time cloud cover is an important variable as well. With 50% cloud cover in humid
    climate the cooling rate drops to about 40W/m2 and only about 7W/m2 under
    completely over cast skies.

    •Average potential daily July cooling for a radiator at 72oFamounts to 63-110W/m2


    of roof surface in U.S. climate condition-the lower value being representative of a
    humid region like that in Florida . for a standard sized U.S. home (200 m2roof area),
    this amounts to 13-220 kwh of available daily cooling if the roof night sky radiation to
    be effectively captured .

    •In many north American locations, the available nocturnal cooling exceeds the night
    time cooling loads and in arid desert climates may be considerably excess of total daily
    cooling requirements.
    •Over a 10 hour night this amounts to about 250-450 W/m2 if all could be effectively
    utilized. However, winds add heat to the roof by convection and thus reduce binomial
    heat transfer from night sky radiation. Under an average wind speed of 2mph (0.9 m/s)-
    the potential diminishes by about half of the above. Also , water condensation – dew –
    also limits the temperature depression we can achieve for exposed surfaces.

    •Only a portion of the potential cooling can be obtained since the heat must be
    transferred from the building to the radiator and then to the sky. The rest will cool the
    radiator down until it gains more heat from the surrounding air or reaches the dew point
    and is effectively lost for cooling purposes .
    •Various physical limitations (differential
    approach temperature,fanpower,convection
    and roof conductance) limits what can be
    achieved so that perhaps, half of this rate of
    cooling can be obtained.

    •Trade-offs depend on many factors such as


    the interior convection from the radiating
    surface to the building as well as the fan
    power used to capture the cooling resource.

    Exotic night cooling schemes include

    •Roof ponds,

    • Massive roofs with movable insulation

    •Combined desiccant and radiative cycles and


    other technologies

    •Often issues such as operational complexity and


    parasitic fan power have made them unpromising.
    NIGHTCOOL BUILDING INTEGRATED
    COOLING SYSTEM …
    DESCRIPTION OF THE NIGHT COOL CONCEPT

    •This is an innovative night cooling system consisting of the metal roof serving as a
    large area , low mass highly conductive radiator. The metal roof could be used at night
    during fall autumn and acceptable summer periods to perform sensible cooling.

    •During the day de-coupled from the roof and heat gained to the attic space is
    minimized by the white reflective metal roof . at this time the space is conventionally
    cooled with a downsized air conditioner.

    •However. At night as the interior surface of the metal roof in the attic space falls 2o
    below the desired interior thermostat set point , the return air for the air conditioner is
    channeled through the attic space by way of electrically controlled louvers with the
    variable speed fan.

    •The warm air from the interior then goes to the attic and warms the interior side of the
    metal roof which then radiates the heat away to the night sky.
    Submitted by,

    A.M.Abisha Teslin Dhas

    Kavya Pandian

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