Lec 2 - Design Process

B.
ARCH, SEMESTER II, 2021
AR 207 : Theory of Design

Unit 1
Design Process
Lecture No. 2
Ar. Sonal Singh

Assistant Professor, School of Architecture
Outlines
• What is Design?
• What is Design Process?
• Design Process – Examples
• Design Process – in detail
• Design Matrix
• Exercise
• Learning Outcomes
• Student Effective Learning Outcome
• References
Design Process
Overview
What is Design?
The word “design” is often used as a generic term that

refers to anything that was made by a conscious human
effort.
Design is also a process that is used to systematically

solve problems.
What is a Design Process?
A design process is a systematic problem-solving strategy,

with criteria and constraints, used to develop many possible
solutions to solve or satisfy human needs or wants and to
narrow down the possible solutions to one final choice.
– ITEA Standards for Technological
Literacy
Design Process – Examples
There are several design processes used in the

different technical fields. The following are
examples.
1. Identifying problems and

opportunities
2. Framing a design brief
3. Investigation and research
4. Generating alternative solutions
5. Choosing a solution
6. Developmental work
7. Modeling and prototyping
8. Testing and evaluating
9. Redesigning and improving
– Design and Problem Solving in Technology
1. Identify the need

2. Define the criteria
3. Explore/research/investigate
4. Generate alternate solutions
5. Choose a solution
6. Develop the solution
7. Model/prototype
8. Test and evaluate
9. Redesign and improve
– Engineering Drawing and Design (3rd edition)
1. Define a Problem
2. Brainstorm
3. Research and Generate Ideas
4. Identify Criteria and Specify
Constraints
5. Explore Possibilities
6. Select an Approach
7. Develop a Design Proposal
8. Make a Model or Prototype
9. Test and Evaluate the Design using
Specifications
10. Refine the Design
11. Create or Make Solution
12. Communicate Processes and Results
– ITEA Standards for Technological

Literacy
1. Define a Problem
• Receive a problem to solve from the

client.
• Gather information.
• Be inspired through media exposure of a
current problem and take action.
2. Brainstorm
• A group problem-solving process in which each

person in the group presents ideas in an open
forum.
• Generate and record ideas.
• Keep the mind alert through rapidly paced
sessions.
• Develop preliminary ideas.
3. Research and Generate Ideas
• Conduct interviews with those affected by the problem.
• Research solutions that may already exist; identify

shortcomings and reasons why they aren’t appropriate to
a given situation.
• Compile ideas and report findings to the team.

4. Identify Criteria and Specify Constraints
• Identify what the solution should do and the

degree to which the solution will be pursued.
• Identify constraints (i.e., budget and time are

typical considerations).
• Draft the Design Brief.

5. Explore Possibilities
• Consider further development of

brainstorming ideas with constraints and
tradeoffs.
• Explore alternative ideas based on further

knowledge and technologies.
6. Select an Approach
• Review brainstormed information and answer

any lingering questions.
• Narrow ideas down through a voting process, or

by use of a decision matrix.
• Decide on final idea, usually through group

consensus.
7. Develop a Design Proposal
• Explore the idea in greater detail with annotated sketches.
• Make critical decisions such as material types and

manufacturing methods.
• Generate through computer models detailed sketches to

further refine the idea.
• Produce working drawings so the idea can be built.

8. Make a Model or Prototype
• Make models to help communicate the idea, and

study aspects such as shape, form, fit, or
texture.
• Construct a prototype from the working

drawings, so the solution can be tested.
9. Design using Specifications
• Design experiments and test the prototype in

controlled and working environments.
• Gather performance data; analyze and check

results against established criteria.
• Conduct a formal critique to flesh out areas of

concerns, identify shortcomings, and establish
any need for redesign work.
10. Refine the Design
• Make design changes; modify or rebuild the prototype.
• Make refinements until accuracy and repeatability of the

prototype’s performance results are consistent.
• Update documentation to reflect changes.
• Receive user’s critique to provide outside perspective to

help determine if established criteria have been met.
11. Create or Make Solution
• Determine custom/mass production.

• Consider packaging.
12. Communicate Processes and Results
• Communicate the designer’s final solution

through media such as PowerPoint, poster
session, technical report.
• Market the Product.
• Distribute.
Exercise
How much is appropriate to what you thought about architectural

design process?
Learning Outcomes
A trigger to understand Design process in theory

References
1. DESIGN METHODS AND PROCESS – chp 2
2. THE DESIGN PROCESS IN ARCHITECTURE

A PEDAGOGIC APPROACH USING INTERACTIVE THINKING BY
AMIR SAEID M. MAHMOODI
SELO
3. Critical & innovative thinking skills.
20. Ability to be a lifelong self learner.

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B.

ARCH, SEMESTER II, 2021

AR 207 : Theory of Design

Ar. Sonal Singh

The word “design” is often used as a generic term that

Design is also a process that is used to systematically

A design process is a systematic problem-solving strategy,

There are several design processes used in the

1. Identifying problems and

1. Identify the need

– ITEA Standards for Technological

• Receive a problem to solve from the

• A group problem-solving process in which each

• Research solutions that may already exist; identify

• Compile ideas and report findings to the team.

• Identify what the solution should do and the

• Identify constraints (i.e., budget and time are

• Draft the Design Brief.

• Consider further development of

• Explore alternative ideas based on further

• Review brainstormed information and answer

• Narrow ideas down through a voting process, or

• Decide on final idea, usually through group

• Explore the idea in greater detail with annotated sketches.

• Make critical decisions such as material types and

• Generate through computer models detailed sketches to

• Produce working drawings so the idea can be built.

• Make models to help communicate the idea, and

• Construct a prototype from the working

• Design experiments and test the prototype in

• Gather performance data; analyze and check

• Conduct a formal critique to flesh out areas of

• Make design changes; modify or rebuild the prototype.

• Make refinements until accuracy and repeatability of the

• Update documentation to reflect changes.

• Receive user’s critique to provide outside perspective to

• Determine custom/mass production.

• Communicate the designer’s final solution

• Market the Product.

How much is appropriate to what you thought about architectural

A trigger to understand Design process in theory

1. DESIGN METHODS AND PROCESS – chp 2

2. THE DESIGN PROCESS IN ARCHITECTURE

3. Critical & innovative thinking skills.

20. Ability to be a lifelong self learner.

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