CHAPTER

Cell as the Basic

2 Unit of Life

NOTES
1 Cell is a basic unit of living things. 5 Types of cell in animals:
2 There are two types of cells, the animal cell and
the plant cell.

Cell membrane Cell wall

2
Cytoplasm Vacuole Muscle cells Epithelial cells

CHAPTER
Nucleus Chloroplast

3 Main differences between structure of animal cells Red blood cells Nerve cells
and plant cells:

Nukleus
Cell Nucleus
Nucleus
Animal cells Plant cells
component

Cell wall Absent Present

White blood cells Ovum Sperm
Reproductive cells

Chloroplast Absent Present

6 Types of cell in plants:
Vacuole Absent Present

4 Unicellular and multicellular organisms:

Unicellular Multicellular
organisms organisms
Guard cells Epidermal cell
Organisms that only Organisms that consist Guard cell
consist one cell more than one cell
Examples: Examples:
• Chlamydomonas • Spirogyra
• Amoeba • Mucor
• Paramecium • Hydra
• Euglena • Cat
• Human
Root hair cell Palisade cell

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 7 Sequence of cell organisation 11 Energy produced by cellular respiration is used
for various activities and life processes in the
Cell Tissue Organ cell.

12 During photosynthesis, the reaction in reverse

occurs.
In the presence of chlorophyll, the reaction below
Organism System occurs:
Light
8 There is various system in human body. energy
Example: Carbon
+ Water Glucose + Oxygen
dioxide
Nervous system Chlorophyll

Organs:
Brain 13 Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is converted
into food (glucose) by green plants through
photosynthesis.
2

Spinal cord
14 Through the food chain, food (glucose) is
CHAPTER

distributed and used by all living things

during cellular respiration. This process
again releases carbon dioxide into the
atmosphere.
Nerves 15 Oxygen that is released by photosynthesis is used
in cellular respiration in all living things.

16 The presence of green plants is importance in

maintaining the level of carbon dioxide and oxygen
9 The two types of respiration are external respiration in the atmosphere.
(breathing) and internal respiration (cellular
respiration).
10 During cellular respiration,

Carbon dioxide
+
Glucose
Water
+
+
Oxygen
Energy

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 2.1 Cell – Structure, Function and Organization

1 What is meant by cell? PL 1

2 Why does cell can only be seen through a microscope?

3 Did cell carry out the life process?

Mark (3) for the correct answer.

Yes No

2

Give your reason.

CHAPTER

4 The following diagram shows two types of cell that can be observes under a microscope. PL 2

(a) Label the following cells. MODUL HEBAT 23

(i)
(iv)

(v)
(ii)

(vi)

P (vii) Q
(iii)

Achieved
PL 1 Recall the knowledge and science skills on cell as the basic unit of life
Not Yet Achieved 2

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 (b) Identify the above cells.
P:
Q :

(c) State the cell structure and their function.

(i)
Nucleus

(ii)
Place where the chemical reaction occurs
2

(iii) Cell
CHAPTER

membrane

(iv)
Cell wall

(v)
Stores water and gives support to cell

(vi)
Mitochondria

(vii)
Absorbs light energy to carry out photosynthesis process

SCIENCE INFO

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek

have created a high definition
microscope in 1674

Achieved
PL 2 Understand cell as the basic unit of life and able to explain their understanding
Not Yet Achieved 16

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 5 Complete the following double bubble map to show the similarities and difference between animal cells and
plant cells.

(b)
(c)

Small size

(a)
Have
Have
cytoplasm
cell wall

2
(d)

CHAPTER
Do not have Have cell
chloroplast membrane

6 State the definition of unicellular organism and multicellular organism.

(a) Unicellular organism

(b) Multicellular organism

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 Parame

7 Name the following organisms.

2-7 Then, classify them using the tree map below.

(a) (b) (c) (d)

Paramecium

Eugle

p2.15
p2.16

Euglena

Organisms
2
CHAPTER

Unicellular organisms Multicellular organisms

Amoeba Hydra

8 Name the human cells below and state their functions. PL 2

(a) Name:
Function:

(b) Name:
Function:

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 (c) Name:
Function:

(d) Name:
Function:

(e) Name:
Function:

2
(f)

CHAPTER
Name:
Function:

9 Match the type of plant cell correctly based on the statement below.

(a) Opening and closing of stoma is controlled by
this cell
Epidermal cell

(b) This cell absorbs water and nutrient from soil.

Palisade cell

(c) Enable gases exchanges and reduce loss of water

Root hair cell

(d) This cell consists of chlorophyll and absorbs light

to carry out photosynthesis process
Guard cell

Achieved
1PL 2
L Lengkapkan
Understand cell as the basic unit of life and able to explain their understanding
maksud istilah berikut dalam konteks organisasi sel. Not Yet Achieved 12

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 10 Complete the following terms in the context of cell organization.

(a)
p2.7 Cell
The basic unit that has the same and

(b) Tissue
p2.8
A group of same

Organ
(c) p2.9
A group of different that perform the same function
together
2
CHAPTER

System
A group of different that have different functions but carry
(d) p2.10
out the same operation

(e) Organism
All are functioning in an integrated to form the organism

11 Name the examples of systems in human body for the following diagram and complete the table.

(a) Brain (b) Skull (c)

Rib cage Heart

Spinal cord
Backbone
Blood vessels

Nerves Bone

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 (d) (e) (f)
Male
Skin
Nose
Lungs

Testis
Penis
Trachea
Female
Lungs Kidney Uterus
Ovary

Vagina

2
(g) (h) (i)
Mulut

CHAPTER
Mouth
Mouth Pituitary gland
Esofagus Otot-otott
Oesophagus
Oesophagus Muscles
Muscles Thyroid gland
Hati
Liver Perut
Liver Stomach
Stomach
Pankreas Pancreas
Pancreas
Pancreas Adrenal gland
Usus besar
Large intestine
Large intestine

Testis
Small
Ususintestine
kecil

2 - 20

(j) (k)
Skin
Nodus
Lymph nodes
limfa QUIZ

Lymph vessels
Salur
limfa

SCIENCE INFO

Skin is the largest organs in

human body.

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 System Function

(a)

(b) Supports the body, maintains its shape and protects the internal organs

(c) Carries oxygen and nutrients to all parts of body

(d)

(e)

(f) Produces ovary and sperm to form offspring

2
CHAPTER

(g) Breaks food into simpler molecules so that can be absorb by body

(h)

(i) Secretes hormones to coordinate body functions

(j)

(k) Controls body temperature

ACTIVITY • INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY & COMMUNICATION • PAK-21

Conduct the following activity. PAK-21 Suggestion

Procedures:
1. Read the following statement

Human is a complex multicellular organism

2. Gather information about the statement using various sources of information such as the internet, books and
others.

3. Discuss with other group members about the information.

4. Present the project by using a multimedia presentation in Microsoft Powerpoint.

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 2.2 Cell Respiration and Photosynthesis

 1 State the meaning of the following types of respiration.

(a) External respiration

(b) Internal respiration

2CHAPTER
 2 The following diagram shows a process that occurs in a human cell.

(i) (iii)

Energy produced

(ii) (iv)

(a) Label the cells in the diagram above using the words below.

Water Light Glucose Starch Carbon dioxide Oxygen

(b) Name the process that occurs.

(c) What is the use of energy produced?

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 3 Complete the following equation to explain the photosynthesis process.

(a) + Water (b) Glucose + (c)

Light
4 Complete the table below to show the difference between cellular respiration and photosynthesis.

Cellular respiration Photosynthesis

Happens in plant cells that contain

(a)
chlorophyll
(c)
Happens all the time
2

Carbon dioxide is absorbed and oxygen is

(b)
released
CHAPTER

Energy is produced (d)

Food is broken down (e)

5 Green plant makes their own food through photosynthesis process.

(a) Underline the correct answer.
(i) Plants need (chlorophyll, glucose) to carry out photosynthesis process.

(ii) Photosynthesis is a process that (releases, absorbs) energy.

(b) State two other needs for photosynthesis process.

1.
2.

(c) How we can identify that the plants carry out photosynthesis? Explain. KBAT

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 K B A T CORNER
1 The following table shows the results of an experiment study on the growth of Euglena (unicellular microorganism)
after three days. Three petri dish J, K and L were kept under different temperature at 10°C, 30°C and 70°C.

Amount of Euglena/per cm3 Dish J Dish K Dish L

Initial 20 20 20
Final 45 215 22

(a) Where is the natural habitat of Euglena?

(b) Suggest another microorganism that can be used to replace Euglena in the experiment. Explain the reason of

2
your suggestion.

CHAPTER
PISA /TIMSS CORNER
The following diagram shows a plant cell.

TIMSS Questions

What is the function of part label P?

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 MEMORY BOOST
Cell as a Basic Unit of Life

Cell – Structure, function and organization Cellular respiration and photosynthesis

Cell division Using the microscope

Experiments to
determine the
Normal cells Preparation of slides – requirements for
Complement photosynthesis
Cancer cells human cheek cells and
each other
2

onion cells
CHAPTER

Basic structures of 9
Basic structures found in plant
all cells cells only (occur in all living cells)


Nucleus Cell wall
Cytoplasm 2
1 3 Energy
10 +
+
Organism Oxygen
11
+
Unicellular Multicellular Water
Amoeba Hydra
Euglena Spirogyra Photosynthesis
Mucor (occur in green plants)
4
Bee
5 Human
Cell organisation
6
Cell

Types and functions of cells

12

13

Example of human cells: Example of plant cells:

14
  7 Red blood cells transport 8 enable photosynthesis
to the whole body to be carried out efficiently Organism

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 SUMMATIVE PRACTICE
1 Diagram 1 shows a type of cell.

L:
K:

M:

2CHAPTER
Diagram 1

(a) Label the structures K, L and M using the words in the box below.

Chloroplast Cell wall Nucleus

[3 marks]
(b) Draw lines to match the structures and their functions.

Structures Functions

K Controls all cell activities

L Carries out photosynthesis

M Maintains the shape of cells

[3 marks]

 2 (a) Complete the following sentences to explain the terms in cell organisation.

(i) Tissue is a group of that have the same characteristics and functions.

(ii) System is a group of that have different functions but carry out one operation.
[2 marks]

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 (b) Diagram 2 shows the blood circulatory system in human body. Red blood cells in the blood carry oxygen.
The heart pumps blood to the brain, lungs, digestive tract, liver and kidneys. Aorta is one of the blood vessels
that carries blood.

Otak
Brain
Brain
Peparu
Lungs
Lungs

Aorta
Jantung Aorta
Aorta
Heart
Heart

Hati Salur
Liver pencernaan
Liver Digestive tract
Digestive
Kidneys tract
Ginjal
Kidneys
2
CHAPTER

Diagram 2
(i) Complete the cell organisation below by using the examples in the blood circulatory system. Fill in the
blanks in the diagram below.
Human

Tissue

Cell organisation
[3 marks]
(ii) Which of the following is the function of the blood circulatory system?
Tick (✓) in the box provided.

Sending carbon dioxide to the kidneys

Sending oxygen to liver
Sending nerve impulses to the brain
[1 mark]

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 3 (a) Diagram 3.1 shows various types of cells which are found in the human body.

P Q R S T

Diagram 3.1

Based on Diagram 3.1, write P, Q, R, S and T to determine the cell which is found in the
(i) reproductive system :

(ii) blood circulation system :
[2 marks]

2CHAPTER
(b) Diagram 3.2 shows a system in the human body.

Diagram 3.2

Give two functions of the system.

(i)

(ii)

[2 marks]
(c) Zarul having a difficulty in defacate. As a doctor, what is your suggestion on his diet to overcome this problem?
–
–
–
–
[2 marks]

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 4 Diagram 4 shows the relationship between process P and process Q.

Cahaya Matahari
Sunlight
Sunlight

menghasilkan
produces
digunakan
is used produces
is used
Process
ProsesPP
Process P

Karbon
2

Carbon
dioksida Air
Water Glucose
Glukosa Oksigen
Oxygen
CHAPTER

dioxide
Carbon Water Glucose Oxygen
dioxide
Proses Q
ProcessQQ
Process

menghasilkan
produces is used
digunakan
produces is used

Tenaga
Energy
Energy

Diagram 4

Based on the Diagram 4, mark (✓) for the correct statement and mark (✗) for the incorrect statement.

(a) Process P and Process Q are reactions that complement each other.

(b) Light energy is absorbed in process Q to produce energy in cells.

(c) Oxygen that is released in process P is used in process Q.

(d) Both processes P and Q require carbon dioxide.

(e) Without process P, the contents of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere will keep increasing.

[5 marks]

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