Pumping System 28 Nov

Chapter 4
Pumping System
Indian Plumbing Association 1

Pumps
• Introduction
• Terminology
• Classification of Pumps
• Pump Selection
• Pump Characteristics
• Hydro Pneumatic Booster Systems
• Storm Water and Drainage Pumps
Pressure, friction and flow are three important characteristics of a

pump system -
Pressure is the driving force responsible for the movement of the fluid.
Friction is the force that slows down fluid particles.
Flow rate is the amount of volume that is displaced per unit time.
Indian Plumbing Association

Introduction
Simple Definition - Pump is a machine used to lift water from a lower

level to a higher level.
The pump is a mechanical devise that raises the energy of fluids by
converting kinetic energy, imparted by its prime mover, into hydraulic
energy.
Pumping is required to transfer the fluid from lower to a higher location
through a pipe or a channel. This transfer of fluid against gravity requires
energy which can be imparted through a pump.
The pumping systems accounts for an estimated 30% of the electricity used
in the building / industrial sector, it amounts to almost approx. 15% of the
total electricity consumption of the country.
Energy management is a concept, devised by the industry for the efficient
use of energy without compromising production quality, safety and
environmental standards.

The First Pumps
Pumping systems are as old as

7000B.C. Shadoof by Egyptians
7,000 and 5,000 B.C 2000 B.C

Evolution of Pumping Systems
Archimedean Screw – 200

B.C
Saqia Water Wheel – 150 B.C – By Egyptians

Terminology
• Atmospheric Pressure:
Air in the atmosphere seems weightless, but it
has some weight. The atmospheric air extends
above the earth surface for more than 100miles.
Such a thick layer of air exerts a good deal of
pressure on the earth surface. The weight of air
at sea level is 14.7lbs for each square inch of
area ( 1 Kg/ sqcm). This is termed as atmospheric
pressure.
• Absolute Pressure:
It is the pressure above the absolute Zero. It may
be above or below atmospheric pressure .
• Barometric Pressure :
It is the atmospheric pressure at the locality
being considered and varies mainly with altitude
and slightly with atmospheric conditions

Head:
Fundamentally head refers to a
difference in the liquid levels
at two different elevations. For
instance, a difference in level
between the surface of the
water in a well and surface of
water in a overhead tank is a
head. The sketch indicates the
head and corresponding
pressure in pressure gauge

Static Head:
This refers to difference in elevation. The term
static is used to differentiate the head from
dynamic head in which fluid in motion is
involved.
Static Suction Lift:
If the suction liquid level is below the center
line of the pump, it is called a Static suction lift.
The term suction refers to the entry side of the
pump. This is the difference in elevation
between the center line of the pump and the
level of the liquid in the suction well of the
water storage tanks or well .

Total Suction Lift:
This is the sum of static suction lift, friction and entrance losses
in the suction piping. When the water is flowing through a pipe
or foot valve it meets resistance by way of friction. Therefore,
the energy required to lift water is more than what static lift
indicates. The amount of friction can be converted into
equivalent of head, and this term added to static lift, makes it
total suction lift. Total suction lift as determined on test is the
reading of a liquid manometer or vacuum gauge connected to
the pump suction, expressed as feet or metre of liquid minus
the velocity head at the point of gauge attachment.

Static Suction Head:
This is the vertical distance in
feet or meter from the
centerline of the pump to the
suction liquid level, when the
source of liquid supply is above
centerline represented.

Total Suction Head:
This is the static suction head less friction and entrance losses in the suction piping, plus
any pressure head existing on the suction supply side.
Static Discharge Head:

This is the vertical distance in feet or metre from the centerline of the pump to the
discharge liquid level.
Total Discharge Head:
This is the sum of the static discharge head, friction and exit losses in the discharge
piping plus the velocity head and pressure head in feet or metre at point of discharge.
Total discharge head determined on test is the reading of a pressure gauge at the
discharge of the pump expressed as feet or metre of liquid and corrected to pump
centerline, plus the velocity head at the point of gauge attachment.
Total Static Head:
This is the vertical distance in feet or metre from suction liquid level to discharge liquid
level. In other words, it is the sum of static suction lift and static discharge head.

Friction Head:
This is the equivalent head expressed as feet or metre of liquid required to overcome
the friction caused by the flow through the pipe and pipe fittings. The wall of the
pipe causes resistance to the flow of water. There are energy losses when water has
to pass through a bend, a valve of foot valve etc. These losses are experimentally
found and tabulated, or formulae are given for calculating the losses. These losses
differ for different sizes , different materials, and different velocities. The losses are
connected into equivalent of liquid feet or metre head.
Pressure Head:
This is the head in feet or meter of liquid in a closed vessel from which the pump
takes its suction or against which the pump discharges. The suction and discharge
vessel are under pressure, therefore, the pump has to work against this pressure in
the discharge line over and above the static discharge head. Whereas the pressure in
the suction line acts as if it was static suction head, and acts to reduce the work of
the pump.

Total Dynamic Head:
This is the sum of total discharge head and total suction lift when suction
lift in exists. It is the total discharge head minus the total suction head
where suction head exists. Sometimes it is being referred to as T.D.H.
Velocity Head:
This is the head required to create velocity of flow in the liquid. It is
equivalent head in feet or meter through which the liquid would have to
fall to acquire the given velocity.
Net Positive Suction Head:
This is the total suction head of liquid determined at the suction nozzle less
the vapour pressure of liquid. This term is sometimes abbreviated as
N.P.S.H. The NPSH Value of a Pump is the Minimum absolute Pressure that
has to be present at the suction of the pump to avoid cavitation. NPSH is
always measured in meters or feet. When the flow increases, the NPSH
values increases.

Capacity of pump
Capacity (Q) means the flow rate with which the liquid is moved or pushed
by the pump to the desired point in the process. It is commonly measured
in either Litres per minute (LPM) or cubic meters per hr (cum/hr)
Q=AxV
Where –
Q is Capacity / flow rate in cum/sec
V is velocity in m/sec
A is area of pipe in sq. m

TOTAL HEAD OF PUMP
Total Head = Hsuction + Hdischarge + Hlosses
The Head “H” of a pump is the useful mechanical energy transmitted by the
pump to the product, related to weight of the product, expressed in “m”.

PRESSURE
Pressure to head conversion formula
Pressure ( Kg/cm2) x 10
Head in m = --------------------------------
Specific gravity
A given centrifugal pump with a given impeller diameter

and speed will raise a liquid to a certain height regardless
of the weight of the liquid.

Brake KW Calculation

The relationship of pressure and head
30 m 2.4 kg/cm2 30 m 3 kg/cm2 30 m 3.6 kg/cm2
Kerosene Water Brine

Sp.gr. 0.8 Sp.gr. 1.0 Sp.gr. 1.2
H (mts) = P * 10/sg

Classification of Pumps
¾ Centrifugal pumps - High discharge and Medium Head
¾ Centripetal pumps - Low discharge and High Head
¾ Reciprocating pumps - Low discharge and High Head
¾ Gear / Screw pumps - Handling sludge / Oil
¾ Air Operated - Corrosive chemicals Diaphragm Pumps

Basic Parameters Required for Choosing
Centrifugal Pumps
¾ Liquid to be handled
¾ Flow rate in Cu.m/hr / LPM / LPH
¾ The total head in Mtrs
¾ Specific gravity
¾ Viscosity
¾ Temperature

Net Positive Suction Head Required
It is the energy in the liquid required to overcome the
friction losses from the suction nozzle to the eye of
NPSHr the impeller without causing vaporization.
Remember :
• NPHSr is a characteristic of the pump and is
indicated on the pump's curve.
•It varies by design, size, and the operating conditions.
• An easy way to understand NPSHr is to call it the
minimum suction pressure necessary to keep the
pumped fluid in a liquid state.
•According to the Standards of the Hydraulic Institute,
a suction lift test is performed on the pump and the
pressure in the suction vessel is lowered to the point
where the pump suffers a 3% loss in total head. This
point is called the NPSHr of the pump.

Net Positive Suction Head Available
NPSHa This is the energy in the fluid at the suction

connection of the pump over and above the
liquid’s vapor pressure.
It is a characteristic of the system.
Remember :
NPSHa only deals with the suction side of
the pump.

NPSHa and NPSHr
During pump operation,
NPSHa should be always greater than the NPSHr
NPSHa > NPSHr

As a general guide the NPSHa should be a minimum 10% or 1
meter above the NPSHr, whichever is greater.

NPSHa is in system which user
want pump for.
Therefore you have to calculate it
HOW ?

Formula of NPSHa is….
NPSHa = Ha +/- Hs - Hvp - Hf
Where,
NPHSa is Net Positive Suction Head Available
Ha is pressure head (i.e. Barometric pressure of the suction vessel converted
to head)
Hs is Static suction head (i.e. the vertical distance between the eye of the
first stage impeller centerline and the suction liquid level)
Hvp is Vapour pressure head (i.e. vapour pressure of the liquid at its
maximum pumping temperature converted to head)
Hf is Friction head (i.e. friction and entrance pressure losses on the suction
side converted to head)

Centrifugal Force
A pail of water swinging in a circle

centrifugal force holds the water in the pale
A hole is bored at the bottom of the pale
Water will be thrown out
The distance the water traverses and volume that flows out depends upon the
velocity of the rotating pale.

Principle of Centrifugal Pump
The centrifugal Pump has an

impeller with radial vanes which
rotate, draw water in to the
centre of the pump and
discharge it by centrifugal force.

Pump Basics
¾ The Centrifugal Pumps, which is one of the type of roto dynamic
pump commonly used.
¾ The centrifugal Pump has an impeller with radial vanes which rotate,
draw water in to the Centre of the pump and discharge it by
centrifugal force.

Parts in the Centrifugal Pumps
Casing or Volute
Impeller Shaft
Shaft Sleeve
Bearing bracket
Mechanical Seal or Packing
Prime mover( Motor, Diesel

Engine etc)

Centrifugal pumps are further classified :–
Based on Suction Type
¾ Single-suction: Liquid inlet on one side.

¾ Double-suction: Liquid inlet to the impeller symmetrically
from both sides.
Based on Mechanical Construction
¾ Closed: Shrouds or sidewall enclosing the vanes.

¾ Open: No shrouds or wall to enclose the vanes.
¾ Semi-open or vortex type.

Types of Pumps – On Mounting
• Depending on the mounting of Motor or prime

Mover.
• Vertical
• Horizontal

Types of Pumps - on mounting of Pump/Motor
• Surface Mounted
• Submersible

Types of Pumps – On Coupling
• Depending on the way they are coupled or

driven by prime mover
• Coupled
• Monoblock

Types of Pumps – On Staging
• Single Stage Pumps
• Multistage Pumps

Types of Pumps – On Suction & Discharge
Depending on the orientation of suction and discharge ;
¾ In Line
¾ Side Suction Top Discharge

Prime Mover
¾ Prime movers are power transmission devices to impel / propel the pump
¾ All pumps require a prime mover which is device that rotates the impellers
mounted on shaft.
¾ The type of prime movers used in pump applications are –
1. Electric Motors – Induction Motors
2. Diesel Engines
3. Steam / Gas or Hydraulic Turbines
4. Steam Engines

Electric Motors
¾ Motors are the prime movers to the pump.

Motor with longer shaft
(VM Version)
¾ They are classified based on the mounting such as
Horizontal/ Vertical.
¾ They are further divided in to normal shaft or extended

shaft on how they are used in Pumps.
Design V 1 ¾ Depending upon the usage they are classified as

S1,S2,S3 etc.
Design V 18

Selection of Motors for Pumps
¾ Motors to have only 10 – 15% excess power over pump’s requirement to

run on optimum efficiency.
¾ Motor speeds to match the manufacturer’s choice to have better

efficiency of the pump.
¾ Choose Energy Efficient Motor in general and it is most preferred when

load is highly fluctuating like Boiler feed, Reverse Osmosis System, Water
Treatment, Cooling Water Systems.

Reason for Excess Power Consumption
¾ Wrong selection on type of pump
¾ Over designed / Under designed pump
¾ Improper layout
¾ Old inefficient pump
¾ Multiple smaller size pumps
¾ Ad-hoc decisions taken during break down.

Improving the Efficiency of Motor
¾ Reduction of Iron losses achieved by low loss magnetic material or

reduced flux density.
¾ Reduction of Copper losses achieved by increased copper

section and consequently increasing the core length.
¾ Maintaining uniform low air gap between stator and rotor to

reduce the slip.
¾ Reducing weight and dimension of the fan to reduce windage loss.

Effect of Rewinding Motor
¾ Rewinding reduces efficiency.

¾ More no of rewinding reduces efficiency drastically even to the tune of
10% of the original efficiency.
¾ It is always better to change to new motor to save on loss of
efficiency thereby increasing the energy cost.
¾ It would be better to replace with high efficiency motor, cost of which
would be paid back by the cost of energy saved over a period of time.

Starters
¾ Direct On Line - DOL
¾ Star- Delta
¾ VFD starter
¾ Soft starters

Pump Performance Curves
¾ The Head – flow curve.
¾ The Efficiency curve
¾ The Energy curve
¾ NPSH Curve

The Head-Flow Curve
The pump companies develop their curves using head in

meters ( H ). They specify the pumps only in height ( H ) and
not in pressure ( Bar)
The reason
¾ When the companies manufacture pump they do not know the
liquid that the pump will be pumping,
¾ But they know the elevation to which pump can raise liquid.
¾ By knowing the Head, Pressure could be calculated using following

formula.

The Head-Flow Curve
The matrix of the pump curve graph is the

same as the mathematical ‘x-y’ graph.
¾ On the horizontal line – The flow is

shown normally in m3/hr or lpm or lps
¾ The vertical line -The head in feet or
meters.

The Head-Flow Curve
The pump can elevate a liquid in a vertical tube up to a point where the weight of
the liquid and gravity will permit no more elevation. This point on the pump curve
would be the ‘shut-off head’.
Once again, imagine starting a pump and raising the fluid in a vertical tube to
the point of maximum elevation. On the curve this would be maximum head at
zero flow. Now, rotate the running pump on its centerline 90°, until the vertical
tube is now in a horizontal position.

The Energy - BHp Curve
The brake horsepower (BHp) is
the energy required by the pump.
Consider the following:

The pump consumes a certain
quantity of energy just to maintain
shut-off head.
Then, as flow begins and

increases, the horsepower
consumption normally increases.
(On certain specific duty pumps,

the BHp may remain mostly flat
or even fall with an increase in
flow.)

The Pump Efficiency Curve
Imagine a small pump connected
to a garden hose squirting a stream
of water across the lawn.
• Direct the flow from the hose up

into the air at about a 45-deg angle
• The stream of water would attain

a specific height into the air and a
specific distance.
• The elevation that attains the best

distance, when plotted onto the
pump curve, is called Best Efficiency
Point (BEP)
• The efficiency curve of a pump is

seen as the trajectory or arc of a
stream of water.

Typical Pump Characteristic Curves

Parallel Operation of Pumps
Q
Theoretic:
Double flow [2 x Q]
Same head [1 x H]

Benefits of pumps in parallel
• Improved operating economy
– Only the required number of pumps in operation
• High efficiency
– Each pump runs at high point of efficiency
– Low power consumption
• Reliability
– Redundancy
– Service
– Pump failure
• Wide performance range
• Improved adaptation of duty point
– Parallel operation improves adaptation to varying demands

Series operation of Pumps
H
Theoretic:
Double head [2 x H]
Same flow [1 x Q]

Hydropneumatic Boosters
Methods of Boosting,
Methods of Distribution

Main Purpose of a Booster Set
À Boosting a sufficient amount of water against minimum required

pressure, keeping the water quality at the highest level

Hydro Vs Overhead Tank……General issues
¾ Maintenance could be a problem...
¾ No water in case of power failure…
¾ Systems are costly compared to overhead tanks…
¾ Too advanced systems and it could be difficult to run these systems…
¾ These systems are useful for only Hotels…
¾ Why should builder pay money unnecessarily on these systems when

they do not get any returns…

What are the options if overhead tank is still there
¾ Small booster for top floors
¾ Pressure reducing valves for other floors
¾ Control the roof tank level with control

Piping layout ( Booster with O/H Tank)
• Roof tank
• Booster system
p=0
p min
p max

Schematic Diagram of Hydro-pneumatic Systems

Hydro-Unit Main Components
¾ Pumps
¾ Non-return valves
¾ Shut-off valves
¾ Pressure gauge
¾ Control panel
¾ Headers
¾ Pressure tank
¾ Control device
high efficiency
stainless steel

Hydro-Unit Controllers
The two types of the systems available in the market are:

1. Booster sets with constant or fixed speed
2. Booster sets with variable speed
Innovative system
1. Booster sets with jockey pump

Frequency controlled booster sets
¾ Single frequency converter

¾ Multiple frequency converters
¾ Integrated frequency converters

Basic Calculation of Booster Sets
¾ Required head
¾ Required capacity
¾ The relationship is the pump curve!

Required Head H [m]
h min
h stat.
h fl
h city/tank h max

Required Head H [m]
h min (10 – 30 m)
h stat.
h fl (1 m / 10 m stat.)
- h city/tank
h req.

Zones 1 – 4 bar
120 m / 40 floors
¾ Min head = 10 m
¾ Max head = 40 m
¾ Zone range = 30 m
¾ Floors 30/3 = 9- 10 floors per zone

Zones 1 – 4 bar
1
90 m 4
1
60 m 4
1
30 m 4
1
13 bar 10 bar 7 bar 4 bar 0m 4

HPN System Options

Storm Water and
Drainage Pumps

Storm water and Drainage Pumps
Sullage: The waste water which comes from bath

rooms, Kitchens, Wash basins etc is known as Sullage
waste water.
Sewage: The waste water coming from latrines,

Urinals, Stable industrial waste, ground water and
surface water including Sullage water is known as
sewage water.

Type of Impellers
¾ Mainly 3 types of impellers are used for storm water and
drainage pumps
Open Impeller
Semi Open Impeller

Open Impellers
¾ The pumps with open impeller are used where

the liquid to be pumped is with solids. The height
of the vane determines the solid size it can
handle.

Semi Open Impellers
¾ As the name suggests, these are used where some solids are
present in the liquid.
¾ Typically used for handling muddy water.

Closed Impellers
¾ The Pumps with closed impellers are used where in the
transportation of liquid is clear and does not contain any solids
or fibrous material
After seeing the type of the impellers, now it is clear

that for handling muddy water, we have to use pumps
with either semi open or open type impellers.

Dry & Wet Pit Installation
¾ In case of dry pit installation access to the wet well should

not be through the dry well.
¾ The dry well should have a gas tight seal when mounted
directly above the wet well.
¾ Submersible pumps if used, should be readily removable and

replaceable without dewatering the wet well or requiring
personnel to enter the wet well.
¾ A hoist and accessories for removing the pumps from the wet
well should be provided.

Submerged installation in Wet Pit
A submersible non-clog pump
operates underwater. The motor is
Guide claw sealed water-tight and designed to
Upper guide operate in submerged conditions.
rail holder
Gate valve
Non return
valve
Guide rails
Base plate
Pipe for pressure
transmitter

Submerged installation in Wet Pit
¾ The pumps are removable for maintenance without a person entering in

the wet well.
¾ A pump can be easily hoisted out on guide rails by a person standing on

the ground surface. The electrical control panel is mounted on posts
above ground. This type of station normally includes a separate valve
chamber. It is considered the lowest cost sewage pump station for many
reasons.

Dry Pit Installation

¾ Dry pit stations are more expensive than wet pit
stations. (Construction Cost)
¾ Dry pit stations are more appropriate where pump and
motor size increases. Over all maintenance cost of
these are less than the submersible.
¾ Ease of access for personnel to perform routine and
emergency pump maintenance of pumps, valves, and
other equipments compare to submersible wet pit.
¾ The storm water or sewage water pumping

stations with wet well are provided with
extended or long shaft pumps where in space and
depth is constrain. The maximum shaft height can
be of 2.0 mts.
¾ Now a days where the space has become
constrain, the use of dry pit stations are not
recommended.

¾ Submersible type pumps can also be used in a dry pit configuration, thus
eliminating the long shafts. In this type of pumps the provision for cooling
motor is made. All other advantages of dry well pit explained earlier also
are applicable here.

Sewage Pump Stations
How Sewage Pump Stations Operate?
Most sewage pump stations operate on a float-type

system.
• As the wastewater flows into the wet well by gravity,

the water level in the wet well rises until the
maximum operating level is reached. At the high
level, a float switch is actuated to turn on a pump.
With the pump running, the water level falls. The
pump keeps running until the water level reaches the
low level. At the low level, another float switch is
actuated to turn off the pump.

• The cycle is repeated several times during the day.
The station can include a high water alarm that alerts
you when the pump has failed or isn't pumping out
fast enough to keep up with the flow.
• Pump Control Level.
high level alarm / float set at 300mm above standby
cut-in level
• emergency level alarm set at 500mm above standby
cut-in level
• Pump control is to be set for not greater than 6 hours
detention period or 30 min of peak flow

Submersible Grinder Pump
• A submersible grinder pump is similar to a non-clog pump except
that it grinds up the solid matter in sewage rather than pumping it.
• A grinder pump can have smaller discharge piping than a non-clog
pump.

Pump Controller
The pump controller is to switch off pump under the following

conditions:
¾ Low water level.
¾ Thermostatic overload is tripped;
¾ Any pump failure.

Points to take care while installation
¾ At least two pump units should be provided, each capable of handling
the expected maximum flow.
¾ Where three or more units are provided, they shall be designed to fit
actual flow conditions and must be of such capacity that, with any one
unit out of service, the remaining units will have capacity to handle the
maximum sewage flow.
¾ When the incoming flow rate in the station is less than ½ of the
average design flow, the design of the sump should take care septic
nature of the sewage and reduce the holding time in the wet well.
Normally detention time of 15 to 30 minutes of peak flow is
considered.
¾ Some times the use of variable-speed pumps are considered,
particularly when the pump station delivers flow directly to a treatment
plant, so that sewage will be delivered at approximately the same rate
as it is received at the pump station. This system has it’s own
advantages and disadvantages.

Selection of Material for the pumps.
¾ When the sewage and storm water are carried together (in short if the
system is combined type), it is better to have all rotating parts in Alloy
Cast Iron instead of only CI.
¾ When the pumps are selected for handling industrial sewage it is
advisable to go for stainless steel impeller.
¾ There is present trend to specify all parts in stainless steel. This is really
not necessary.
¾ The best possible combination for pumps parts are as under.
Casing: CI
Impeller: Alloy CI
Shaft: AISI410
Fasteners: SS
Motor body for submersible pump in CI for domestic and SS for
Industry.

SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
¾ Install all measuring instruments like pressure gauge and flow meters
¾ Choose the required duty parameters
¾ Choose the correct size of pump and motor
¾ Do not oversize the pump or motor and waste power
¾ Do not throttle the valve for continuous operation instead change the
impeller dia or change the pump
¾ Choose high efficiency motors to save on power
¾ Use VFD only when there is requirement for longer variable outputs.
¾ Last but not the least create routine maintenance schedule to avoid break
down.

Thank you
• Any Questions?
Compiled by Technical Committee - IPA
Disclaimer for IPPL Technical content prepared by IPA TC : The technical content of IPPL training presentation are developed by IPA Technical committee. The intent of
the same is to impart code based technical knowledge to the participants of IPPL. These are set of recommendations to those who are involved in the design,
engineering, construction or manufacturing of plumbing systems & products. In case of any conflict between any clause or recommendation in presentation and law
of land such clause or recommendation shall not be adopted unless special waiver to that effect is given by Authority having jurisdiction. In case of any conflict
between 2017 UIPC-I and NBC 2016 local applicable mandatory code need to be followed. IPA and its Technical committee disclaim liability for any personal injury,
property or other damages of any nature whatsoever, whether special, indirect, consequential or compensatory, directly or indirectly resulting from the publication,
sue of or reliance on this document. By preparing and publishing this document, the IPA and its Technical committee individually or collectively do not volunteer to
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Chapter 4

Indian Plumbing Association 1

Pressure, friction and flow are three important characteristics of a

Indian Plumbing Association

 Simple Definition - Pump is a machine used to lift water from a lower

Indian Plumbing Association

Pumping systems are as old as

7,000 and 5,000 B.C 2000 B.C

Indian Plumbing Association

Archimedean Screw – 200

Saqia Water Wheel – 150 B.C – By Egyptians

Indian Plumbing Association

Indian Plumbing Association 6

Indian Plumbing Association 7

Indian Plumbing Association 8

Indian Plumbing Association 9

Indian Plumbing Association 10

Static Discharge Head:

Indian Plumbing Association 11

Indian Plumbing Association 12

Indian Plumbing Association 13

Indian Plumbing Association

Indian Plumbing Association

Pressure to head conversion formula

A given centrifugal pump with a given impeller diameter

Indian Plumbing Association

Indian Plumbing Association

30 m 2.4 kg/cm2 30 m 3 kg/cm2 30 m 3.6 kg/cm2

Kerosene Water Brine

Indian Plumbing Association

¾ Centrifugal pumps - High discharge and Medium Head

¾ Centripetal pumps - Low discharge and High Head

¾ Reciprocating pumps - Low discharge and High Head

¾ Gear / Screw pumps - Handling sludge / Oil

¾ Air Operated - Corrosive chemicals Diaphragm Pumps

Indian Plumbing Association

¾ Flow rate in Cu.m/hr / LPM / LPH

¾ The total head in Mtrs

Indian Plumbing Association

Indian Plumbing Association

NPSHa This is the energy in the fluid at the suction

Indian Plumbing Association

NPSHa > NPSHr

Indian Plumbing Association

Indian Plumbing Association

NPSHa = Ha +/- Hs - Hvp - Hf

Indian Plumbing Association

 A pail of water swinging in a circle

Indian Plumbing Association

The centrifugal Pump has an

Indian Plumbing Association

Indian Plumbing Association

Prime mover( Motor, Diesel

Indian Plumbing Association

Based on Suction Type

¾ Single-suction: Liquid inlet on one side.

Based on Mechanical Construction

¾ Closed: Shrouds or sidewall enclosing the vanes.

Simple Definition - Pump is a machine used to lift water from a lower

A pail of water swinging in a circle