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Thin Film, Its synthesis and Applications

Presentation · May 2020


DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.27245.82402

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3 authors, including:

Vidit Pandey Sushant Arora


Aligarh Muslim University Dr. B. R. Ambedkar University
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Institute OF basic science,
khandari , agra
DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS

Thin films :
Its Synthesis and applications
Over View of content

Introduction of Thin Films

History of Thin Films

Deposition Methods

Applications of Thin films

Future of Thin films

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What is a thin film ?
Being a part of nanotechnology a thin film is a layer of
material ranging from fractions of a nanometer
(monolayer) to several micrometer in thickness.

Thin = less than about 1 micron (10,000 A, 1000nm)

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How Thick it is ?

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History of thin films
▪ 1850: Development of first deposition techniques (M.Faraday; W.Grove; T.A.Edison) and of methods
of thickness determination (Arago, Fizeau; Wernicke; Wiener)Commercial introduction of
electrochemistry (Galvanics) for gold plating of uniform- accessories

▪ 1931: First TEM was demonstrated by Max Knoll and Ernst Ruska

▪ 1940: vacuum and thin film (PVD) techniques , Industrial manufacturing of coatings mostly for
military.

▪ 1965: Mass manufacturing processes in semiconductor and optical industry.

▪ 1990: Thin films of High Tc-Superconductors.

▪ 2006: Investigation of organic coatings leads to the emergence of organic electronics (OLED,
printable circuits).

▪ 2010: Preparation and characterization of the prototype two dimensional (2d) material, Graphene.
Introduction of reliable solid state touch screens to communication media (Smartphone).

▪ 2015: Generation of heterostructures made from 2d materials. Approaches to manufacture flexible


electronic devices consisting of ultrathin materials.
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How it’s (Thin film) made ?

Thin films are created through a process called ‘Deposition’.


Deposition means a thin film coating process, which is achieved by modifying the
four states of matter i.e. Solid, Liquid, Gas and Plasma.

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Deposition methods classification
Surface Coating Method

Gaseous State Solution State Molten or Semi Molten State

Chemical Solution
CVD Laser
Deposition

Electrochemical
PVD Thermal Spraying
Deposition

IBAD Solgel Welding

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Here we talk about
CHEMICAL VAPOR DEPOSITION
CVD is the process of chemically reacting a volatile compound of a material to
be deposited, with other gases, to produce a non volatile solid that deposits
atomically on a suitable placed substrate.

Their some types are


▪ Thermal CVD

▪ Light CVD

▪ Plasma CVD

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Process of CVD

Main stream of reaction gases

1) Diffusion of 5) Diffusion of
precursors by product

2) Adsorption on 4) Desorption of
Boundary layer the surface adsorbed material

Interface

Substrate 3) Chemical reaction

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CVD – Chemical Vapor Deposition
Pros Cons
High Wear Resistance. Safety : Reactant or product gases are typically
toxic, flammable.

Do not require unusual levels of electric power. Edges become rounded.

Do not need rotation of the substrates. High processing temperature.

Affordable cost of the equipment and operating


expenses .

Selective deposition of films.

Deposition rate approx. 8 nm/sec.

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Physical Vapor Deposition
PVD is characterized by a
process in which the
material goes from a
condensed phase to a vapor
phase and then back to a
thin film condensed phase.

Here we talk about their two


types –
Evaporation
Sputtering

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Evaporation
Substrate

Vacuum Chamber

Source

Boat

13
Sputtering

Substrate (Anode) (+)

Ar+ Ar +
e- e-

Target

Cathode
S N S

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PVD – Physical Vapor Deposition
Pros Cons

No environmentally damaging materials and Corrosion resistant only under certain


emissions, no toxic reaction products. conditions.

Great Variety of coating can be produced. In order to achieve a uniform coating thickness,
the parts to be coated must be rotated during
processing.

accurate surface replication , true to size. Comparing to evaporation, sputtering is highly


costly.

High wear resistance. Edge does not become rounded.

Deposition rates are 10–100Å (1–10 Low deposition rate of sputtering (1 – 10 Å /Sec)
nanometers) per second in evaporation. for Dielectrics.

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Category Application

Optical Reflective/ antireflective


coatings

Electrical Insulation
High conductivity
Semiconductor devices

Magnetic Memory Discs

Applications Chemical Protection against


oxidation or corrosion

Mechanical Wear resistant coating


Hardness
Adhesion

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▪ Transparent electronics
▪ Developing molecules out of
organic compounds like
carbon and hydrogen
▪ Super-thin film about 100
nanometers thick, can be
Future of applied as a paint.
Thin Films ▪ Flexible, organic and
biodegradable electronics
▪ Super Hydrophobic coating

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References
▪ Thin Film Nanotechnology | TORR INTERNATIONALSERVICES LLC.
(2020). Retrieved, from http://www.torr.com/thin-film-nanotechnology
▪ Sputter: Basic Function - Nanofabrication: Vacuum Pumps and Thin Film
Vacuum Deposition | Coursera. (2020). Retrieved, from
https://www.coursera.org/lecture/nanotechnology/sputter-basic-function-
9IgNe
▪ Thermal Evaporation: Basic Function - Nanofabrication: Vacuum Pumps
and Thin Film Vacuum Deposition | Coursera. (2020). Retrieved , from
https://www.coursera.org/lecture/nanotechnology/thermal-evaporation-
basic-function-6mjsf

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Acknowledgement

The satisfaction that accompanies the successful completion of any task would be incomplete without
the mention of people whose ceaseless cooperation made it possible, whose constant guidance and
encouragement crown all efforts with success.

I am very grateful to Mr. Vidit Pandey (Research Scholar, AMU, Aligarh) for the guidance,
inspiration and constructive suggestions that helps me in the preparation of this presentation.

Name of the candidate

Aditya Ganesh Sharma

Physics

19
Thank You
Any Questions ?

20
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