Math 2 LearningModule 2 - Application (Prelim)

Issue No.
1 Page 1 of 189
ST. THERESE- MTC COLLEGES
S E
MT MATH 2
E C
Iloilo, Philippines
R
C
(Plane and Spherical Trigonometry)
E
OL
. TH
L EGES
STUDENT LEARNING MODULE
ST
Revision No. 2 Effectivity date: Reviewed by: Approved by:
01 September 2021 QMR President

Learning Module 2. Application of the Solution of Right Triangles (10 hours)
Lesson 2. 2.4Application of Solving Right Triangle in Word Problem:

2.4.1Angle of Elevation
2.4.2Angle of Depression
2.4.3Angle of Inclination
2.4.4 Subtended Angle
Competence, Course Outcomes and Learning Outcomes
Competence: Solve the different problems on plane trigonometry in relation to the maritime field.
Course Outcomes:Apply skills in solving (right and oblique) triangle to solve problems in Marine
Engineering.
Learning Outcomes:The students are expected to…

1. Differentiate between angle of elevation and angle of depression, and angle of inclination
and subtended angle.
2. Define bearing.
3. Illustrate the bearing of an object.
1. State bearing in terms of the North or South and the East or West direction or as an angle
measured clockwise from the north-south line.
2. Apply solving right triangle in word problems related to navigation and/or marine
engineering.
Overview
This lesson will discuss the application of right triangle in word problems with emphasis to
problems involving angle of elevation, angle of depression, angle of inclination, and subtended
angle. It will also tackle problems on bearing which is related to navigation and problem about
the sine bar which is also related to machine shop of marine engineering.
©All Rights Reserved

Issue No. 1 Page 2 of 189
S E
MT MATH 2
E C
Iloilo, Philippines
R
C
E
OL
. TH
L EGES
ST
Discussion
DEFINITION OF ANGLE OF ELEVATION, DEPRESSION, INCLINATION AND

SUBTENDED ANGLE.
The understanding of the following key terms is vital in solving word problems involving
right triangle.
Angles of Elevation and Depression
- Angle of Elevation is the angle formed by the line of sight and the horizontal line when
the object is above the observer.
The observer is looking up to the object. See illustration below.
- Angle of depression is the angle formed by the line of sight and the horizontal line when the
object observe is below the observer.
The observer is looking down to the object observe. See illustration below.
Figure 2.4.1 Angle of Elevation and Depression
The angle of elevation (angle BAO in the figure) and the angle of depression (angle AOD in the
figure) of the same situation is equal because the line of sight is a transversal cutting the parallel
lines which are the horizontal lines. The two angles elevation and depression are alternate interior
angles. Based on Geometry, alternate interior angles of parallel lines cut by a transversal have
equal measure. (See the figure above)

S E
MT MATH 2
E C
Iloilo, Philippines
R
C
E
OL
. TH
L EGES
ST

Angle of Inclination
Angle of inclination is the angle formed by a line or plane (usually representing

the hypotenuse) with the horizontal line.
It is like the angle of elevation in the sense that

it is always opposite the vertical side of a right
triangle.
In the figure, the line or plane is represented by
side AB which is the hypotenuse and the angle of
inclination of this line or plane is the angle α or ∠
Subtended Angle
Subtended angle is an angle formed by the rays from the point of observation
to the ends of the object.
It means that it is the angle which is

always opposite the height of the object.
In the figure it is angle θ (theta) or angle

ABC. (See figure 2.4.3)
Before we solve problems involving right triangles, let us first try to illustrate common
situations that form a right triangle.
Let us draw or sketch the following.
Illustrative Example 2.4.1
1. A tree top elevated 29ofrom a point fifty

(50) ft from its base.
In the figure at the right, the angle of

elevation is at angle T which is 29o and
side p is 50 ft from the point of
observation T to the base of the tree.

S E
MT MATH 2
E C
Iloilo, Philippines
R
C
E
OL
. TH
L EGES
ST

1. 15-m flagpole with shadow of 30
m.
In the figure, side f is the height of

the pole and side p is the shadow of
the flagpole. Shadow is always
represented by the horizontal side of
the right triangle.
3. Angle of depression from lighthouse top to a boat 2 km from its base is 31o.
The figure below shows the angle of

depression (31o) of an object Q, which
is observed from the lighthouse. The
distance of Q from the base of the
lighthouse is 2 km represented by small
letter l in right triangle LDQ or small
letter q in right triangle LTQ. (l ≅ q)
4. 13.5 m ladder, 8 m from the base of the building on which it leans.

S E
MT MATH 2
E C
Iloilo, Philippines
R
C
E
OL
. TH
L EGES
ST
5. Airplane taking off at 11o reaching height of 100 meters.
H is the angle of inclination and side h is the height that the plane had reach. Always
remember that angle of inclination is always opposite the vertical side or the height.
6. A 3-m tree subtends an angle of 52o
Angle M is the subtended angle with point

M as the point of observation, and I and R
are the two ends of the tree. These end
points of the tree are on the rays that
forms angle M. See figure at the right.
Solving Problems Involving Right Triangles
1. The angle of elevation of the top of a tree 75 ft from its base is 40o45’. Find the height of a
tree.
Step 1: Write the given.
In writing the given, identify the parts of the right triangle which are given in the problem.
Name these parts. In the case of the above example, angle of elevation is given and 75 ft. from
the base of the tree is a horizontal side of a right triangle therefore small letter is to be used.
Given: Y = 90o
X = 40o45’ Angle of elevation of the top of a tree
z = 75 ft Distance from the point of observation to the base of a tree

S E
MT MATH 2
E C
Iloilo, Philippines
R
C
E
OL
. TH
L EGES
ST
Step 2: Identify the unknown or the part of the triangle that is to be found.
Find: h= x =? Height of the tree
Solution:
Step 3: Draw the required triangle and label

accordingly. (See figure at the right)
Step 4: Solve for what is asked in the

problem.
Since the given is an acute angle and the

adjacent side, and height is another leg
opposite the given angle X therefore the functions to be used are tangent and cotangent. You may
choose any of these two.
Tan X= or b) Cot X =
Tan 40o45’ = Cot 40o45’ =

x = 75 ft Tan 40o45’ x=
’
x = 64.62413 ft x = 64.62413 ft
Step 5: Write the answer and label.
x = 64.6 ft. height of the tree x = 64.6 ft. height of the tree
2. A plank is inclined at an angle of 20o4’ on a platform 2.5 m high. Find the length of the plank.
The given are angle of inclination and height of the platform. Notice that the height which
is the vertical side of the right triangle is always opposite the angle of inclination. Therefore, the
given is an acute angle and the opposite side.
Let us name the right angle first so that we will know what small letter we should name the
hypotenuse. Since it is the opposite side of the angle inclination is given, so the name we
choose for the angle of inclination should also be the small letter of what we named the angle
of inclination. Length of the plank
represents the hypotenuse because it is
the plank which is inclined.
Given: C = 90o
B = 20o4’ angle of inclination of the
plank
h = b = 2.5 m the height
of the platform
Find: c=? the length of the plank
S E
MT MATH 2
E C
Iloilo, Philippines
R
C
E
OL
. TH
L EGES
ST
Solution:
An acute angle and opposite side are given and unknown side to be solved is a hypotenuse
therefore the functions to uses are sine and cosecant.
a) Sin B = or b) Csc B =
.
Sin 20o4’ = Csc 20o4’ = .
.
c= c = 2.5 m Csc 20o4’
’
c = 7 28622 m c = 7 28622 m
c = 7.3 m length of the plank c = 7.3 m length of the plank
3. An island subtends an angle of 40o from a point 3.8 km directly across one end of the island.
Find the length of the island.
How do we know that the required triangle is a right triangle? It is the phrase “directly
across”. It means that one end of the island and the points of observation are in the same
line. It is implied that the side determined by the end of the island and the point of
observation and the length of the island is perpendicular to each other.
The length of the island should be shorter than the other leg because the angle opposite it
which is the subtended angle is less than 45o. It means that the other acute angle is greater
because acute angles of right triangles are complementary angles.
Refer to the given figure below.
Given: C = 90o
B = 40o subtended angle of the island
a = 3.8 km distance from the point of
observation to one end of the island
Find: b=? the length of the island
Solution:
Solve for b:
b is opposite the subtended angle B and a
which is 3.8 km is adjacent B, the functions to
be used are tangent and cotangent.
a) Tan B = or b) Cot b =
.
Tan 40o = Cot 40o =
.

S E
MT MATH 2
E C
Iloilo, Philippines
R
C
E
OL
. TH
L EGES
ST
.
b = 3.8 km Tan 40o b=
b = 3.18858 km b = 3.18858 km
b = 3.2 km length of the island b = 3.2 km length of the island
4. The angle of depression of the other side of the base of the mountain, from a Helicopter 1000
meters directly above one base is 58o25’32”. Find the length of the tunnel needed to go
through the base of the mountain.
Given: E = 90o
F = 58o25’32”
h = f = 1000 m height of the helicopter
Find: d =? the length of the tunnel
There are two right triangles that can

be solution to the problem. In the figure
these are right triangle DEF the depression
triangle or you may use its counterpart
right triangle DCF, the elevation triangle.
But since it is angle elevation, which is
given, we will use right triangle DEF. You
may check the answers later by using right
triangle DCF. Since opposite side of the
depression angle is given that is side f and
we are looking for d length of the tunnel,
which is the other leg, the correct functions
to be used are Tangent and Cotangent.
!
a) Tan F = b) Cot F =
!
" !
Tan 58o25’32” = Cot 58o25’32” =
! "
"
d= d = 1000 m Cot 58o25’32”
#$% ’ ”
d = 614. 58943 m d = 614. 58943 m
d = 614.6 m length of the tunnel d = 614. 58943 m length of the tunnel
5. A slanting coconut tree casts a shadow of 9.8 m. Find the length of the coconut tree if it is
inclined at an angle of 66o25’50”.
Shadow of the coconut is given. We know that shadow always represented by horizontal
side of the right triangle and the horizontal side is always adjacent to the angle of inclination.
The coconut tree is described as slanting, so it could not be represented by the vertical side.
Therefore, the length of the coconut which is unknown is surely the hypotenuse which is
side q.

S E
MT MATH 2
E C
Iloilo, Philippines
R
C
E
OL
. TH
L EGES
ST

o
Given: Q = 90
R = 35o25’50”
P = 9.8 m
Find: q =? length of the coconut tree
Solve for q:
The given side is adjacent to the given

angle and the unknown part is the
hypotenuse. The functions to be used to
solve the problem are cosine and secant.
' (
a) Cos R = ( b) Sec R = '
). (
Cos 35o25’50” = (
Sec 35o25’50” = ).
).
q = *+, ’ ”
q = 9.8 m Sec 35o25’50”
q = 12.02721 m q = 12.02721 m
q = 12.03 m length of the coconut tree q = 12.03 m length of the coconut
tree
Bearings
Bearingis an acute angle which is measured from the north-south line to the line of
direction. In simple words 0o is on positive y-axis or the north line and the direction of
rotation is clockwise for positive angle.
For example:
Bearing of OK, OM, OP and OL are given below.
1. OK is N 15o W is read as “north 15degrees west”.
2. OM is S 65o E is read as “south 65 degrees east”.

3. OP is N 80o E is read as “north 80 degrees east”.
4. OL is S 45o W is read as “south 45degrees west”.
But bearing can also be expressed as the angle measured clockwise from the north-south line.
This time the direction is not mentioned anymore. Let us convert the above example into this
form.

S E
MT MATH 2
E C
Iloilo, Philippines
R
C
E
OL
. TH
L EGES
ST
1. OK -- N 15o W =360o -15o = 345o 2. OP -- N 80o E = 80o
3. OM -- S 65o E = 180o - 65o =115o 4. OL -- S 45o W = 180o + 45o = 225o
Let us try to illustrate the following situation that involves bearing.
Illustrative Example 2.4.4:
1. A lighthouse N 35o 15’ W of a ship.
The first thing that we need to identify when illustrating bearing is the point observation. It is

S E
MT MATH 2
E C
Iloilo, Philippines
R
C
E
OL
. TH
L EGES
ST

important to know where bearing being
observed.
In the example at the right, we are given
the bearing of the lighthouse being observed
from the ship. So, point of observation is the
ship which we can represent with the point of
origin in our coordinate plane.
2. Ship 2 km from a port on a course N 75o E.
Point of observation is the pier. P in the

figure represents the pier.
We need to remember that the point of origin
is always the point of observation.
The word “from” is a word signal that what
follows is the place where the observation is done.
3. East-bound ship bearing S 62o38’ W from a

lighthouse.
The phrase “from a lighthouse” tells us that the

point of obse rvation is on the lighthouse.
Point of origin is the representation of the
lighthouse.
4. Two ships sailing S and S 32o E

respectively; first ship 4.5 km west of
second ship
Point P is the point of origin where the

two ships came from. S1 represent the first ship and S2 is the second ship.
S E
MT MATH 2
E C
Iloilo, Philippines
R
C
E
OL
. TH
L EGES
ST
b) Cot P = '-
.
Cot P =
.
Cot P = 1
P = 45o
P = S 45o W bearing of theship from the port
2. The bearing of an island from a vessel sailing directly north at 12 knots is 40o25’30”. The island
is found directly east of the ship after 45 minutes. How far is the island from the first point of
observation? From the second point?
Step 1: Write the given and what is asked in the problem
Given: S = 40o25’30” bearing of the island from the ship at first point of observation
i = 9 n.m.
Find: s1 =? distance of the island from the first point of observation
s =? distance of the island from the 2nd point of observation
Solution:
Step 2: Draw the required figure
In the figure it can be seen that the

points of observations are done in the ship
and the points S and S1 are the observation
points. S is the initial position of the ship
where the first observation is done and
found that the island is 40o25’30” from the
ship and S1 is the second position of the
ship after sailing for 45 minutes duenorth
and athe same time the 2nd observation
point where it is found that the island is
already directly east of the ship. The
magnitude of I in the figure is solved by
using the formula for speed which is
.
v = dt d=
" /
d=i =

" . /1
d=i =
. 1
d=i = 9 n.m.
Step 3: Solve for what is asked in the problem.

S E
MT MATH 2
E C
Iloilo, Philippines
R
C
E
OL
. TH
L EGES
ST

Solve for s1:
The given parts are an acute angle and the side adjacent to it, therefore the functions to be
used arecosine and its reciprocal secant because the missing side s1 is a hypotenuse. See
figure above.
/-
a) Cos S = or b) Sec S =
/-
) . . /-
Cos 40o25’30” = Sec 40o25’30” =
/- ) . .
) . .
s1 = *+, ’ ”
s1 = 9 n.m. Sec 40o25’30”
s1 = 11.82258 n.m. s1 = 11.82258 n.m.

s1 = 11.8 n.m. distance of the island from thes1 = 11.8 n.m distance of the island
first point of observation from the first point of observation
Solve for s:
,
a) Tan S = 3 or b) Cot S = /
o , o ) %.6.
Tan 40 25’30” = Cot 40 25’30” =
) %.6. ,
) %.6.
s = 9 n.m. Tan 40o25’30” s= *+? ’ ”
s = 7.66637 n.m s = 7.66637 n.m.

s = 7.7 n.m. distance of the island froms = 7.7 n.m. distance of the island
the 2nd observation point from the 2nd observation point
Step 4: Write the answers and label accordingly.

Answers: s1 = 11.8 n.m. distance of the island from thefirst point of observation
s = 7.7 n.m. distance of the island from the 2nd observation point
2. Two cargo vessels leave a port. One vessel is sailing at a speed of 12 knots at a course of S
56o E while the other is sailing directly north. After 1.5 hours, the 2nd vessel is directly east of
the other vessel. After 1.5 hours, what is the distance traveled by the first cargo vessel? By
the second cargo vessel? What is the distance between the two cargo vessels? What is the
speed of the second cargo vessel?
Step 1: Write the given and what is asked in the problem.
Let us assign P as the course of the first cargo vessel. Since it is speed which is given for
the first cargo we need to compute the distance traveled using the formula d = vt.
Given: P = S 56oE course of the first cargo vessel
v = 12 knots speed of the first cargo vessel
t = 1.5 hours’ time traveled by the two cargo vessel
S E
MT MATH 2
E C
Iloilo, Philippines
R
C
E
OL
. TH
L EGES
ST

Find: c1= ? distance traveled by the first cargo vessel
c2 = ? distance traveled by the second ship
p = ? distance between the two cargo vessel after 1.5 hours
Solution:
Step 2:Let us draw the required figure.
Step 3: Solve for what is asked in the

problem.
This time the unknowns are:c1 which
is the distance from the port to the final
position of the first cargo vesselafter 1.5
hours of sailingc2 which is the distance of
the second cargo vessel from the port
after 1.5 hours of sailingp is the distance
between the two cargo vessel after 1.5
hours.
The solution is shown below.
Solve for c1:
d = vt d =c1= 12 n.m. /h (1.5h ) d =c1= 18 n. m.
Solve for c2:

c2 is the adjacent side to the given angle P and the other side known side is c1 which is the
hypotenuse therefore the functions to be used are:
C -
a) Cos P = or b) Sec P =
- C
C " . .
Cos 56o = " . .
Sec 56o =
C
" . .
c2 = 18 n.m. Cos 56oc2 = DEF G
c2 = 10.065547 n.m. c2 = 10.065547 n.m.
c2 = 10 n.m. distance of the secondc2 = 10 n.m. distance of the second

cargo vessel from the portcargo vessel from the port
after 1.5 hours after 1.5 hours
Solve for p:
Side p is the opposite side of the given angle P and the known side is c1 the hypotenuse. The
functions to be used are:
' -
a) Sin P = or b) Csc P =
'
-
' " . .
Sin 56o = " .
Csc 56o= '

S E
MT MATH 2
E C
Iloilo, Philippines
R
C
E
OL
. TH
L EGES
ST

o " . .
p = 18 n.m. Sin 56 p=
*,F G
p= 14.92268 n.m. p = 14.92268 n.m
p = 14.9 n.m. distance betweenp = 14.9 n.m. distance between
the two cargo vessel after the two cargo vessel after
1.5 hours 1.5 hours
Step 4: Write the answers and label accordingly.

d =c1= 18 n. m. distance of the first cargo vessel from the port after 1.5 hours
c2 = 10 n.m. distance of the second cargo vessel from the port after 1.5 hours
p = 14.9 n.m. distance between the two cargo vessel after 1.5 hours
Solution of Oblique Triangle Using Right Triangles

There are problems that involves angle of elevation and depression that needs oblique
triangles most especially if the unknowns are heights and distances between given observation
points. For these kinds of cases we may develop or derived a new formula to make our work
easier. Let us take a look at some of the examples below.
Illustrative Example 2.4.6:

1. The angles of elevations of the top of a tree
measured from two observation points 120 ft.
apart in a straight line are 32o and 47o
respectively. Find the height of a tree.
Let us derive a new formula from our given

figure that we have drawn based on the
problem above.
From right triangle BDA we can form the

equation:
H
(1) Cot A =
1
From right triangle BDC we can form the equation:

(2) Cot C = 1
Let us subtract equation 2 from equation 1.

H
Cot A – Cot C = -1 eq. (1) – eq. (2)
1
H I
Cot A – Cot C = Performing the subtraction operation
1
J
Cot A – Cot C = K
Result of subtraction eq. (1) by eq. (2)

S E
MT MATH 2
E C
Iloilo, Philippines
R
C
E
OL
. TH
L EGES
ST

Solve for h:
h (Cot A – Cot C) = b Multiplication property of equality (MPE)
This is the new formula. h=

*+? L – *+? *
Now let us solve the problem above. We need to identify first, what are given. Always remember
that A is always the farther or smaller angle. As the observer go nearer the object observed the
angle becomes larger which is represented by angle C. So the given are:
Given: A = 32o angle of elevation from the first observation point
C = 47o angle of elevation from the second observation point
b = 120 m the distance between the two observationpoints A and C
Find: h =? height of the tree

Solution:
Solving for h using the derived formula
h= *+? L – *+? *
Substitute the given values in the formula.

NOP Q
h= RST UOV IWVX YZV
(The following are calculator keys to press to solve for h based on the above equation)
h = 120 [ ( ( 1 [ tan 32 o
” ) - ( 1 [ tan 47 o
” ) ) =
h = 179.68929 ft.
Answer:
h = 180 ft height of the tree
2. The angle of elevation of the top of a sailboats

mast is 45o. 10 ft. nearer, the elevation of the
same mast is 60o. How high is the mast?
Let us write the given.
Given: A = 45o angle of elevation at the first
point of observation
C = 60o angle of elevation at the 2nd point of
observation which is 10 feet nearer
b = 10 ft. distance between the two points of
observation
Find: h=? height of the sailboat mast

S E
MT MATH 2
E C
Iloilo, Philippines
R
C
E
OL
. TH
L EGES
ST

Solution:
Let us draw the required triangle.
Solve for h:
Using the formula:
\
h=
WVX ] – WVX W
Substitute the given values
in the formula.
NP Q
h=
WVX Y^S – WVX _PS
Let us recall the functions of special angles because 45o and 60o are special angles.
NP Q NP Q
h= √U
= P.YOO_^
N–
U
h = 23.66025 ft.
h = 24 ft. height of the mast
3. Find the length of the tunnel that will go through the base of the mountain if the angle of
depression from the peak of the mountains 485 m high to the bases on opposite sideis 38o and
63o respectively.
The problem above shows that the angles are not at the same side of the height like our
two previous examples. So our formula failed us this time. So, let us derived another formula
for these cases.
From the given triangle in figure, thefollowing equation can be formed.
a
Cot A = (1)
b
c
Cot C = b
(2)
Then we add equation 1 and equation 2.

a c
Cot A + Cot C = + Addition
b b
a c
Cot A + Cot C = + Subtraction
b b
\
Cot A + Cot C = b Substitution (replace x + y by b)
h (Cot A + Cot C) = b MPE

\
h = WVX ] H WVX W MPE
\
h=
WVX ] H WVX W

S E
MT MATH 2
E C
Iloilo, Philippines
R
C
E
OL
. TH
L EGES
ST

Now, let us use this formula to solve
illustrative example # 3. Although we can
assign any of the two angles by A or C
because our operation is addition, let us use A
for smaller angles and C for greater angles to
be consistent with the previous formula.
Given: A = 38o angles of depression from the
mountain peak to
C = 63othe bases of the mountain Figure 2.4.26 Angles of Depression of the
h = 485 m height of the mountain bases A and C from the Mt. peak (IE 2.4.6.3)
peak
Find: b =? length of the tunnel that will go through the mountain
Solution:
\
h = WVX ] H WVX W
Since it is b which is unknown, there is a need to transform theformula to solve for b.
b = 485 X ( ( 1 [ Tan 38 o
” ) + ( 1 [ Tan 63 o
” ) ) =
b = h (Cot A + Cot Q)
b = 485 m (Cot 38o + Cot 63o)
(Calculator keys to press to arrive to the answer)
b = 867.89153 m
b = 868 m length of the tunnel
3. Find the height of the mountain peak if the angle of elevation of its top is sighted from the two
ends of a 10 km tunnel that go through its base are 29055’ and 42o25’.
The two angles of elevation are sighted at the different side of the height therefore the formula
\
to be used to find h is:h = WVX ] H WVX W
The given are:

Given: A = 29o55’
Angles of elevation
C = 42o25’ of the peak
b = 10 km length of the tunnel
Find: h =? height of the mountain peak
Solution:
\
h= WVX ] H WVX W

S E
MT MATH 2
E C
Iloilo, Philippines
R
C
E
OL
. TH
L EGES
ST

NP dQ
h=
WVX OeV ^^’ H WVX YOV O^’
h = 3.53060 km
h = 3.5 km height of the mountain
The Sine Bar

The sine bar is a steel bar with a matching cylinder at the end just like in figure 1. It is a
precision tool used for setting up work at various angles for machining and inspection of parts
purposes. It maybe 5 inches or 10 in in length and is always set up with a gauge block.
Figure 1.4.33Gauge block ofdifferent length
Figure 2.4.32 The Sine Bar
gauge blocks are metal blocks in different lengths as seen in figure 2.4.33. The height of a gauge
block determines the size of the anglethat the sine bar make with the surface.
Machining Purposes of a Sine Bar
Machining an angle on a part
• Solving for height of the gauge block
1. A machining job required to machine a 15o angle on

a part, with a 5 inches sine bar. Find the height of
the gauge block to be set up with the sine bar.
Figure2.4.34 at the left will help us visualize

how a 5 inches Sine bar with an unknown height of
Figure 2.4.34 Sine Bar set up where the height
the gauge block is set up. Since the angle is given of the gauge is unknown
and the length of the sine bar is 5inches, the gauge
block’s height can be solved using sine function.

S E
MT MATH 2
E C
Iloilo, Philippines
R
C
E
OL
. TH
L EGES
ST

The solution is shown below.
Given: θ = 15o the required angle to be machined on a part
l = 5 in. the length of the sine bar
Find: h=? the height of the gauge block
1
Sin θ =
f
h = l Sin θ
h = 5 Sin 15o
h = 1.29410 in.
h = 1.2941 in. the length of the gauge
block Figure 2.4.35 The part is set up in the
sinebar
Since the height of the gauge block is already
known, set up the sine bar on the gauge block and place the part on the Sine bar. The part will be
tilted exactly 15o if the upper edge is parallel to the surface just likeFigure 2.4.35 on the previous
page.
• Solving for the angle of the Sine bar.

There are some machining projects were the length of the sine bar and the height of the
gauge block is given but the angle is unknown. The problem can still be solved by the strategy
using the sign function like what is done in the previous problem. For example:
The length of the sine bar is 5 inches and the height of the gauge block is 2.75 inches. What is the
angle of inclination of the sine bar?
Given: h= 2.75 in. the height of the gauge block

l = 5 in. the length of the sine bar
Find: θ =? the required angle to be
machined on a part
Solution:
b
Sin θ = g
O.ZOUO hi.
Sin θ =
^ hi.
Sin θ = 0.54464
θ = 33o
Then set up the part in the Sine bar like

in figure2. 4.35 to ensurethat the part is Figure 2.4.36 Sine bar set up for unknown
tilted or inclinedthe same as the Sine bar. angle of inclination
S E
MT MATH 2
E C
Iloilo, Philippines
R
C
E
OL
. TH
L EGES
ST
References
Textbook:
T1- Baltazar, Ethel Cecille M. (2014). Plane & Spherical Trigonometry Text/Workbook. C &
E Publishing Inc.
T2- Calingasan, R.M. (2013). Trigonometry: a worktext. Anvil Publishing, Inc.
T3- Mamhot, M.R. [et.al]. (2012). Plane trigonometry: a calculator approach. PurelyBooks
Trading and Publishing Corporation.
T4- Young, Cynthia. (2010). Trigonometry 2nd edition. NJ, USA. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
References:
R1 -Tungcab, R.G. [et.al]. (2011). Trigonometry: worktext. Philippines. Grand books

Publishing, Inc.
R2- Gabuyo, Y. & Mejia, L.D. (2011). Plane trigonometry: a modern approach.
Philippines. Rex Book Store, Inc.
R3– Sarmiento, A. C. E. [et. al]. (2009). Plane and spherical trigonometry. Philippines.
Books Atbp.Publishing Corporation
R4 – Tupas, S.V. (2004), Plane and spherical trigonometry for maritime students, Phil.:
Bencel 2 Press, Inc.
R5 – Rider, Paul R. (1971). Plane and spherical trigonometry. New York: TheMacmillan
Company (By special arrangement with Macmillan Company printed in the Philippines
by Cacho Hermanos, Inc. Mandaluyong Metro Manila
R6 – Salumbides, Jr., E.N., and Romero, R.C., (1963) Trigonometry plane and spherical.
Q.C., Phil.: Royal Publishing House
R7 – Tayao, A.G., Oronce, O.A., Plazon, L.M., Jauco, M.C. (1992) Secondary mathematics book
IV.Philippines: Rex Book Store
R8 – Reyes, Edgardo A.. (1963). Plane trigonometry simplified and integrated. Mandaluyong City,
Philippines. National Book Store

S E
MT MATH 2
E C
Iloilo, Philippines
R
C
E
OL
. TH
L EGES
ST
Checkpoint
Activity 1. Warm-Up
A. Illustrate the following.
1. Angle of elevation of the top of the lighthouse from a ship 200 m from its base is 35o25’.
2. A 15 ft. ladder leaning on the wall at an inclination of 48o40’20”.
3. The angle of elevation of the top of a cliff from a boat is 20o10’. 20 nautical miles nearer, the
angle of elevation is 40o.
4. From a helicopter hovering above an island at a height of 3,205 ft., the angle of depression of
both ends are 50o20’ and 36o35’.
5. An airplane taking off at an angle of 15o25’ and reach a height of 525 m.
6. A vessel 115o from a port.
7. Two cargo vessels leave a port, one sailing directly south and the other 150o.
8. A mooring buoy N35o W of a container vessel.
9. A lighthouse 195o from a boat.
10. A container vessel N 58o W from a yacht.

S E
MT MATH 2
E C
Iloilo, Philippines
R
C
E
OL
. TH
L EGES
ST
Do This
Activity 2 Follow Up
A. Solve the following problems. Show your complete solution.
1. Find the length of a wooden plank which is inclined at an angle of 18o that can reach a
platform 210 cm.
2. From a ship at sea the angles of elevation of the base and top of a lighthouse 100 ft high at
the cliff’s edge are 17o24’ and 21o6’. How far is the ship from the base of the cliff?
3. A ship sails 50 nautical miles due south from a port and turned Eastward with a speed of
12.5 knots. Find the bearing of the ship and itsdistance from the port after 3 hours of
turning east.
4. A BSMarE students on the third floor of the Administration Building of St. Therese-MTC
College-Tigbauan found that the angle of depression of a car 10 m from the base of the
building is 20o45’. Find the height of thebuilding.
5. Find the angle to which a 10 inches Sine bar is to be tilted on a 5.25inches height of the
gauge block.

S E
MT MATH 2
E C
Iloilo, Philippines
R
C
E
OL
. TH
L EGES
ST
Assessment
I. MODIFIED TRUE OR FALSE: Write T if the statement is true and change the
underlined word/s to make the statement true if it is false.
1. Angle of elevation is an angle made by the horizontal line and the line of sight when the
observer is below the object being observed.
2. Subtended angle is formed by the line or a plane usually representing the hypotenuse of the
right triangle with the horizontal line.
3. A gauge block is a precision tool made of metal use for setting up work for machining and
inspection of parts.
4. The problem “The 10 ft. flagpole casts a shadow 8 ft. long. What is the angle of elevation of
the sun?”, can be solved using tangent and cosecantfunctions.
5. Bearing of an object is an acute angle made with the line of direction fromthe north-south
line.
6. The angle of elevation farther from the object observed is the greater angle.
7. The height of an object is usually represented by the horizontal leg of a right triangle.
8. If A is the angle of elevation of the top of the tree and A > 45o, then the leg representing the
height of the tree is longer than the leg opposite the other acute angle of the right triangle.
9. In the problem “The bearing of a ship from a port is 45o. What is the distance from the port
after 1 hour if its speed is 12√2 knots?” The distance of the ship from the port is 12 nautical
mile.
10. The bearing of the boat which is S 25o W can also be express as 125o.

S E
MT MATH 2
E C
Iloilo, Philippines
R
C
E
OL
. TH
L EGES
ST

II. MULTIPLE CHOICE: Read each item carefully and write the letter that corresponds to
your answer in the choices.
1. Which is the bearing of OQ in figure 1 at the right?
a. 165o c. 15o
b. 195o d. 75o
2. In the problem, “ Find the height of the kite if

120 m of string is out at an angle 25o10’.”
Which is the possible representation of
the given if C is 90o?
a. A = 25o10’ angle of the string with the horizontal

a = 120 m length of the string out Figure 1
b. A = 25o10’ angle of the string with the horizontal

C =120 m length of the string out
c. B = 25o10’ angle of the string with the horizontal

b = 120 m length of the string out
d. A = 25o10’ angle of the string with the horizontal

c =120 m length of the string out
(Refer to the problem in #2 for 3-5)

3. Which part of the right triangle is representing the height of the kite?
a. vertical leg c. hypotenuse
b. horizontal leg d. cannot be determined.
4. Which function should be used to find the height of the kite?

a. Sine c. Tangent
b. Cosine d. Cotangent
5. Which is the correct equation to solve height of the kite?

1 1
a. Sin 25o10’ = " c. Tan 25o10’ = "
1 1
b. Cos 25o10’ = d. Cot 25o10’ = "
"
6. Which is the height of the kite?

a. 51 m c. 56.4 m
b. 109 m d. 255.4 m
7. In the problem “From a tanker vessel the angle of elevation of the top of the cliff is
34o20’. 65 nautical miles nearer it became 38o25’. Find the height of the cliff.”, which
formula should be used to find the height?
S E
MT MATH 2
E C
Iloilo, Philippines
R
C
E
OL
. TH
L EGES
ST

a. h = c. h =
kI I k
b. h = kH
d. h = l kIl
(Refer to the problem in #7 for item #8-9)

8. Which is the correct representation for A and C?
a. A = 38o25’ and C = 34o20’ c. A = 65 n.m. and C = 34o20’
o o
b. A=34 20’ and C = 38 25’ d. A = 34o20’ and C = 65 n.m.
9. Which of these is the height of the cliff?

a. 592,473 m c. 81,554 m
b. 44,175 m d. 441,750
10. The bearing of a lighthouse from a ship traversing directly south at a speed of 10 knots
is 100o. After 3 hours the ship is directly west of the lighthouse. Which of these is
equivalent to the 100o bearing of the lighthouse?
a. N 10o W c. N 80o W
o
b. S 10 E d. S 80o E
(Refer to the problem in #10 for item # 11-13)

11. What is the distance traversed by the ship after 3hours?
a. 30 n.m. c. 300 n.m.
b. 30 km d. 300 km
12. Which function should be used to find the distance of the lighthouse from the ship after
3 hours?
a. Cotangent c. Cosine
b. Sine d. Secant
13. What is the distance between the ship and the lighthouse after 3 hours?
a. 170 n.m. c. 295 km
b. 29.5 n.m. d. 1701 mi.
14. A machining job required 20o angle to be machined from a part. If a 5 inches sine bar is
to be used, which of these equations is to be used to find the height of the gauge block
to be used in the set up?
b b
a. Sin 20o =^ hi. c. Tan 20o =^ hi.
b ^ hi.
b. Cos 20o =^ hi. d. Sin 20 =
b.
15. Which of these is the height of the gauge block (refer to the problem in #14).
a. 1.7101 in. c. 1.8198 in.
b. 4.6985 in. d. 14.619 in.

Math 2 LearningModule 2 - Application (Prelim)

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Math 2 LearningModule 2 - Application (Prelim)

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Math 2 LearningModule 2 - Application (Prelim)

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Issue No.

Revision No. 2 Effectivity date: Reviewed by: Approved by:

01 September 2021 QMR President

Lesson 2. 2.4Application of Solving Right Triangle in Word Problem:

Competence, Course Outcomes and Learning Outcomes

Learning Outcomes:The students are expected to…

©All Rights Reserved

Revision No. 2 Effectivity date: Reviewed by: Approved by:

01 September 2021 QMR President

DEFINITION OF ANGLE OF ELEVATION, DEPRESSION, INCLINATION AND

Angles of Elevation and Depression

Figure 2.4.1 Angle of Elevation and Depression

©All Rights Reserved

Revision No. 2 Effectivity date: Reviewed by: Approved by:

01 September 2021 QMR President

Angle of inclination is the angle formed by a line or plane (usually representing

It is like the angle of elevation in the sense that

It means that it is the angle which is

In the figure it is angle θ (theta) or angle

Let us draw or sketch the following.

Illustrative Example 2.4.1

1. A tree top elevated 29ofrom a point fifty

In the figure at the right, the angle of

©All Rights Reserved

Revision No. 2 Effectivity date: Reviewed by: Approved by:

01 September 2021 QMR President

In the figure, side f is the height of

The figure below shows the angle of

4. 13.5 m ladder, 8 m from the base of the building on which it leans.

©All Rights Reserved

Revision No. 2 Effectivity date: Reviewed by: Approved by:

01 September 2021 QMR President

5. Airplane taking off at 11o reaching height of 100 meters.

6. A 3-m tree subtends an angle of 52o

Angle M is the subtended angle with point

Solving Problems Involving Right Triangles

Illustrative Example 2.4.2

Step 1: Write the given.

©All Rights Reserved

Revision No. 2 Effectivity date: Reviewed by: Approved by:

01 September 2021 QMR President

Find: h= x =? Height of the tree

Step 3: Draw the required triangle and label

Step 4: Solve for what is asked in the

Since the given is an acute angle and the

Step 5: Write the answer and label.

Revision No. 2 Effectivity date: Reviewed by: Approved by:

01 September 2021 QMR President

Refer to the given figure below.

Find: b=? the length of the island

©All Rights Reserved

Revision No. 2 Effectivity date: Reviewed by: Approved by:

01 September 2021 QMR President

b = 3.2 km length of the island b = 3.2 km length of the island

Find: d =? the length of the tunnel

There are two right triangles that can

d = 614.6 m length of the tunnel d = 614. 58943 m length of the tunnel

©All Rights Reserved

Revision No. 2 Effectivity date: Reviewed by: Approved by: