MATH REVIEWER ANALYTIC GEOMETRY

ANALYTIC GEOMETRY

ANALYTIC GEOMETRY – deals with geometric

problems using coordinates system thereby
converting it into algebraic problems

Rene Descartes – regarded as the founder of

analytic geometry by introducing coordinates
system in 1637

Rectangular Coordinates Systems – also known

as Cartesian Coordinates System
Slope of a line

For parallel lines:

For perpendicular lines:

Angles between two lines

Distance between two points

Distance between a point and a line

Distance between two points in space

√
MATH REVIEWER ANALYTIC GEOMETRY

Use:
+ If B is positive and the point is above/right
of the line.
+ If B is negative and the point is below/left
of the line
- If otherwise

Distance two parallel lines

Line – shortest distance between two points

General Equation:

Point-Slope Form:

Slope-Intercept Form:
Division of line segment
Two-Point Form:
Let be the corresponding ratio of its
length to the total distance between two points.
Intercept Form:

Conic Sections – is the locus of a point which

moves so that its distance from a fixed point
(focus) is in constant ratio, e (eccentricity) to its
distance from a fixed straight line (directrix)

If the point P (x,y) is at the midpoint of ,  Circle – produced when the cutting plane is
then parallel to the base of the cone. Circles reflect
rays issued from the focus back to the
and center of the circle.

 Ellipse – produced when the cutting plane is

not parallel (or inclined) to the base of the
Area by coordinates cone. Ellipse reflects rays issued from the
focus into the other focus.
MATH REVIEWER ANALYTIC GEOMETRY

General Equation for a Conic Section:

When B is not equal to zero, then the principal

axes of the conic are inclined (not parallel to the
 Parabola – produced when the cutting plane coordinate axes). The curve can be identified
is parallel to the element (or generatrix) of the from the equation given by determining the
cone. Parabola reflects rays as a parallel value of the determinant, .
(with respect to its axis) outgoing beam.
< 0, the conic is an ellipse, e<1.0
= 0, the conic is an parabola, e=1.0
> 0, the conic is an hyperbola, e>1.0

When B is equal to zero, then the principal axes

of the conic are parallel to the coordinates axes
(x and y axes). To identify the curve, compare
 Hyperbola – produced when the cutting the coefficients of A and C.
plane is parallel to the axis of the cone.
Hyperbola reflects rays from the focus as if  If A=C, the conic is a circle.
coming from the other focus.  If A≠C but the same signs, the conic is an
ellipse.
 If A and C have different signs, the conic is
hyperbola.
 If either A or C is zero, the conic is
parabola.

A. CIRCLE – locus of a point which moves so

that it is equidistant to from a fixed point
called center

General Equation:

If D & E = 0, center is at origin (0,0). If either D

or E, or both D & E ≠ 0, the center is at (h,k).

Standard Equations:

 C(0,0)
MATH REVIEWER ANALYTIC GEOMETRY

 C(h,k)

General equations:

When the equation given is general equation rather a. Axis parallel to the y-axis:
than the standard equation, the center (h,k) of the
circle and its radius (r) can be determine by
converting the general equation to standard using
the process known as completing the square or
using the following formulas:

 Center (h,k)

b. Axis parallel to the x-axis:

 Radius(r)

Standard equations:
B. PARABOLA – is a locus of a point which
moves so that it is always equidistant to a  Vertex (V) at origin (0,0)
fixed point called focus and a fixed straight
line called directrix a. Axis along x-axis
 Opens to the right

 Opens to the left

where: a = distance from vertex V to focus F
d = distance from point to directrix
f = focal distance
MATH REVIEWER ANALYTIC GEOMETRY

b. Axis parallel to the y-axis:

 Opens upward

b. Axis along y-axis

 Opens up

 Opens downward

 Opens down

The eccentricity of the parabola is the ratio of the

distance to the focus to the distance to the directrix.

Since f = d, then
 Vertex (V) at (h,k)
The latus rectum of the parabola is a line that
a. Axis parallel to the x-axis:
passes through the focus and perpendicular to the
 Opens to the right
axis of the conic.

When the equation given is a general equation

rather than standard equation, the vertex V(h,k) of
the parabola and its focal length or focal radius “a”
can be calculated by converting the general
equation to standard using the process known as
completing the square.

 Opens to the left The following formulas can be obtained:

For axis horizontal:

For axis vertical:

MATH REVIEWER ANALYTIC GEOMETRY

B. ELLIPSE - is a locus of a point which Standard Equations:

moves so that the sum of the distance to
the fixed points (foci) is constant and is  Center, C at (0,0)
equal to the length of the major axis (2a).  Major axis is horizontal

 Major axis is vertical:

General equations:

a. Transverse axis – horizontal

Note: d1 + d2 = 2a. The major axis=2a, is the

distance from V1 to V2.

When the point is located along the minor

axis as shown in the following figure:

 Center, C at (h,k)
 Major axis is horizontal:

The relationship between a, b and c is

 Major axis is vertical:

with “a” is always greater than “b”.

If D & E = 0, center is at the origin (0,0). If

either D or E, of both D & E ≠ 0, the center
is at (h,k).
MATH REVIEWER ANALYTIC GEOMETRY

where: a = semi-major axis

b = semi-minor axis

The eccentricity of an ellipse is the ratio of the When the equation given is a general equation
distance to the focus to the distance to the directrix. rather than standard equation, the center (h,k) of
an ellipse can be calculated by converting the
general equation to standard using the process
known as completing the square.

When the point P(x,y) is the minor axis: The following formulas can be obtained:

General equation:

C. HYPERBOLA - a locus of a point which

moves so that the difference of the
distances to the fixed points (foci) is
constant and is equal to the length of the
transverse axis (2a).

If f=c, then eccentricity of an ellipse, e is

Since a < D and c < a, then the eccentricity of an

ellipse is always less than 1.

The latus rectum of an ellipse is a line that

passes through the focus and perpendicular to the
axis of the conic.
MATH REVIEWER ANALYTIC GEOMETRY

Standard equations

General equations  Center, C at (0,0)

 Transverse axis horizontal:
a. Transverse axis – horizontal

Transverse axis is the axis that passes

through the foci, vertices and the center of
the hyperbola while the conjugate axis is
the one that is perpendicular to the
transverse axis.

√
√

where: A and C are the numerical

coefficients (absolute value) of x2 and y2,
respectively.

Also, the relationship between a, b, and c is

 Transverse axis vertical:

b. Transverse axis – vertical:

√
√

where: A and C are the numerical

coefficients (absolute value) of x2 and y2,
respectively.

Also, the relationship between a, b, and c is

MATH REVIEWER ANALYTIC GEOMETRY

 Center, C is at (h,k) where: a = semi-major axis

 Transverse axis horizontal: b = semi-minor axis

When the equation given is a general

equation rather than standard equation, the
center (h,k) of a hyperbola can be
 Transverse axis vertical:
calculated by converting the general
equation to standard using the process
known as completing the square.

The following formulas can be obtained:

Polar coordinates (r,Ѳ) refers to the coordinates

of a point in a system of coordinates where the
position of a point is determined by the length of ray
segment (the radius vector) from a fixed origin
(the pole) and the angle (the polar angle) the ray
(the vector) makes with a fixed line (the polar
axis).

The eccentricity of a hyperbola is the rate

of the distance to the focus to the distance
to the directrix.

or
Polar angle is sometimes called the vectoral
angle, the argument, the amplitude, or the
Since a > c and D > a, then the eccentricity
azimuth of a point.
of a hyperbola is always greater than 1.

The latus rectum of hyperbola is a line that

passes through the focus and perpendicular
to the axis of the conic.

Relationship between polar coordinates and

rectangular coordinates:
√
MATH REVIEWER ANALYTIC GEOMETRY

ANALYTIC GEOMETRY

1. Write the equation of the line tangent to the circle x2 + y2 + 14x + 18y – 39 = 0 at the point in the second
quadrant where x = -2.
a. 5x + 12y + 26 = 0 b. 5x – 12y – 26 = 0 c. 5x + 12y – 26 = 0 d. 5x – 12y + 26 = 0
2. The two points on the line 2x + 3y + 4 = 0 which are at a distance 2 from the line 3x + 4y – 6 = 0 are
a. (7,-6) and (-11, 6) b. (-88,8) and (-16, -16) c. (64, -44) and (4, -4) d. (-44, 64) and (10, -
10)
3. Find the equation of the line which forms with the axes in the first quadrant a triangle of area 2 and whose
intercepts differ by 3
a. x + 4y – 4 = 0 b. x – 4y + 4 = 0 c. x + 4y + 4 = 0 d. x – 4y -4 = 0
4. What is the locus of a point which moves so that its distance from the line x = 8 is twice its distance from
the point (2, 8)?
a. A circle b. An ellipse c. A parabola d. A hyperbola
5. The locus of 4x2 + 4xy + y2 + 2x + y – 2 = 0 is a pair of parallel lines. What is the slope of each line?
a. -1 b. -2 c. 1 d. 2
6. Find the area of a triangle with one vertex at the pole and the two others are (5, 60o) and (4, -30o).
a. 13 b. 12 c. 11 d. 10
7. Write the polar equation of the line which passes through the points (2, л/2) and (-1, 0).
a. r(2cosθ + sinθ) – 2 = b. r(2cosθ - sinθ) – 2 = c. r(2cosθ + sinθ) + 2 = d. r(2cosθ - sinθ) + 2 =
0 0 0 0
8. Given A(3, 7), B(-6, 4), C(-2, 8) and D(-7,0). Find the tangent of the angle measured counterclockwise from
AB to CD.
a. 17/23 b. 18/23 c. 19/23 d. 20/23
9. Find the equation of the hyperbola with vertices at (4, 0) and (-4, 0) and asymptotes y = 2x and y = -2x.
a. x2/64 – y2/16 = 1 b. x2/16 – y2/64 = 1 c. y2/64 – x2/16 = 1 d. y2/16 – x2/64 = 1
10. The equation of the perpendicular bisector of the line segment joining the points (2, 6) and (-4, 3) is
a. x + 2y – 8 = 0 b. 4x + 2 y – 5 = 0 c. x – 2y + 10 = 0 d. 4x + 2y – 13 = 0
11. Find the equation of the line parallel to 5y – 5x + 12 = 0 and contains the point (0, -3)
a. x–y+3=0 b. x+y-3=0 c. x-y-3=0 d. x+y+3=0
2 2
12. Find k so that the circle x + y + 2kx + 4y – 5 = 0 will pass through the point (5,1)
a. -3/2 b. -5/2 c. -7/2 d. -9/2
13. Find the equation of the line through the points (-7, -3) and (-1, 9)
a. 2x – y + 11 = 0 b. 2x + y -11 = 0 c. 2x + y + 11 = 0 d. 2x – y – 11 = 0
14. Find the equation of the parabola with vertex (-1, 2) and directrix at x = -3 is
a. (y - 2)2 = 8(x + 1) b. (y + 2)2 = 8(x + 1) c. (x + 1)2 = 8(y + 2) d. (x - 1)2 = -8(y + 2)
15. Find the length of the latus rectum of a parabola with focus at (-2, -6) and directrix x – 2 = 0.
a. 6 b. 4 c. 8 d. 10
16. In the parabola x2 = 4y, an equilateral triangle is inscribed with one vertex at the origin. Find the length of
each side of the triangle
a. 13.86 b. 12.85 c. 11.84 d. 10.83
17. The foci of the hyperbola are (4, 3) and (4, -9) and the length of the conjugate axis is 4√5, find its
eccentricity
a. 1.3 b. 1.5 c. 1.7 d. 1.9
18. Find the length of the common chord of the curves whose equations are x2 + y2 = 48 and x2 + 8y = 0
a. 6√2 b. 7√2 c. 8√2 d. 9√2
19. The point (8, 5) bisects a chord of the circle whose equation is x2 + y2 – 4x + 8y = 110. Find the equation of
the chord.
a. 3x + 2y = 0 b. 3x – 2y = 14 c. 2x + 3y = 31 d. 2x – 3y = 1
20. Find the length of the latus rectum of the parabola with focus ay (-2, -6) and directrix x – 2 = 0.
a. 8 b. 7 c. 6 d. 4
21. An ellipse has its foci at (0, c) and (0, -c) and its eccentricity is ½. Find the length of the latus rectum.
a. 2c b. 3c c. 4c d. 5c
22. The earth’s orbit isan ellipse with eccentricity 1/60. If the semi-major axis of the orbit is 93 M miles and the
MATH REVIEWER ANALYTIC GEOMETRY

sun is at one of the foci, what is the shortest distance between earth and the sun?
a. 89.43 M mi b. 90.44 M mi c. 91.45 M mi d. 42.46 M mi
23. If the length of the latus rectum of an ellipse is 3/4 of the length of its minor axis, then its eccentricity is
a. 0.46 b. 0.56 c. 0.66 d. 0.76
24. If the point P(9, 2) divides the line segment from A(6, 8) to B(x, y) such that AP:AB = 3:10, find y.
a. -11 b. -10 c. -9 d. -12
25. Find the rectangular equation for the curve whose parametric equations are x = 2cosθ, y = cos2θ
a. x2 = 2(y + 1) b. x2 = 2(y - 1) c. y2 = 2(x - 1) d. y2 = 2(x + 1)
26. A parabolic arch spans 200 ft wide. How high must the arch be above the stream to give a minimum
clearance of 40 ft over a tunnel in the center which is 120 ft wide?
a. 60.5 ft b. 61.5 ft c. 62.5 ft d. 63.5 ft
27. Find the eccentricity of an ellipse whose latus rectum is 2/3 of the major axis.
a. 0.58 b. 0.68 c. 0.78 d. 0.88
28. The vertices of the triangle are (2, 4), (x, -6) and (-3, 5). If x is negative and the area of the triangle is 28.5,
find x.
a. -5 b. -6 c. -4 d. -7
29. A parabolic arch has a span of 20 m and a maximum height of 15 m. How high is the arch 4 m from the
center of the span?
a. 10 6 m b. 11.6 m c. 12.6 m d. 13.6 m
30. Find the value of k so that the radius of the circle x2+ y2 – kx + 6y – 3 = 0 is equal to 4.
a. 3 b. 4 c. 5 d. 6
31. The parabolic segment is 32 dm high and its base is 16 dm. what is the focal distance?
a. 0.5 dm b. 0.4 dm c. 0.6 dm d. 0.3 dm
2 2 3 2 2
32. Transform the rectangular equation (x + y ) = 4x y into polar coordinates.
a. r = 2sinθ b. r = sin2θ c. r = 2cosθ d. r = cos2θ
33. What is the eccentricity of an equilateral hyperbola?
a. √3 b. √2 c. 1.5 d. 2
34. A line with an inclination between 0o and 90o has
a. Zero slope b. No slope c. Positive slope d. Negative slope
35. The locus of a point on a circle which rolls without slipping on a straight line is called
a. strophoid b. trophoid c. astroid d. cycloid

36. Find the equation of the line through the point (5,2) that is parallel to the line 4x + 6y + 5 = 0.
a. 3x + 2y – 6 = 0 b. 2x + 3y = 16 c. 2x – 3y = 16 d. 3x + 2y – 16 = 0
37. Find the Cartesian coordinates of the point having the cylindrical coordinates (3, /2, 5)
a. (0,3,5) b. (0,5,3) c. (3,0,5) d. (5,0,3)
38. The trace of x2+4z2-8y=0 on the xy-plane is
a. ellipse b. point c. parabola d. hyperbola
39. Which of the following equations has a locus that is a hyperbolic paraboloid?
a. x2 + y2 = 2z b. x2 + 5z – 6y = 0 c. 4x2 + y2 – 4z = 0 d. z2 – 2y2 + 4x = 0
40. The rectangular coordinates for the point (2,900, 300, 600) is
a. (0,√ ,1) b. (0, √ , 1) c. (1, √ , 0) d. (1, √ , 0)
41. Find the acute angle between the line through the points (-2,3,1) and (4,6,7) and the plane x + 4y + z -
10 = 0. o
a. 35.64 b. 36.74 o c. 37.84 o d. 38.94 o
42. The angle between two lines with direction numbers 4,3,5 and x,-1,2 respectively is 45 degrees. Find x.
a. 2 b. 3 c. 4 d. 5
43. Find the angle between the line with direction numbers 1,-1,-1 and the plane 3x – 4y + 2z – 5 = 0.
a. 32.42 o b. 34.22 o c. 42.32 o d. 43.22 o
44. Given the points A (k,1,-1) , B(2k,0,2) and C(2 + 2k,k,1). Find k so that the line segment AB shall be
perpendicular
a. 1 to the line segment
b. 2 BC. c. 3 d. 4
45. Find the equation of the plane through (1,-2,3) and perpendicular to the line of intersections of the planes
3x 2x
a. + 2y – 2z
– 2y – z=–12
9=and
0 x + b.
2y 2x – 2y
+ 2z = 0.
+ z -9 = 0 c. 2x + 2y – z + 9 = 0 d. 2x + 2y + z + 9 = 0
MATH REVIEWER ANALYTIC GEOMETRY

46. If the acute angle between the planes 2x – y + z – 7 = 0 and x + y + kz – 11 = 0 is 60 o, find k.

a. 4 b. 3 c. 2 d. 1
47. Find the direction numbers of the line 2x – y + 3z +4 = 0, 3x + 2y – z + 7 = 0.
a. 5,-11,7 b. -5,11,7 c. -5,7,11 d. 5,-7,11
48. An ellipsoid of revolution whose equal axes are larger than the third axis.
a. prolate spheroid b. ellipsoid of revolution c. oblate spheroid d. sphere
49. In the equation, - = 1, shows that the directrix is ________________.
a. ellipse b. parabola c. sphere d. hyperbola
50. The locus of 9x2 – 4z2 – 36y = 0 is a/an
a. ellipsoid b. parabolic cylinder c. elliptic cone d. hyperbolic paraboloid
51. If one end of a line is (-2,4,8) and its midpoint is (1,-2,5), find the x-coordinate of the other end.
a. 2 b. 4 c. 6 d. -2
2 2
52. The locus of y + z -4x = 0 has symmetry with respect to
a. xz-plane only b. yz- and xy- planes c. xz- and xy- planes d. z-axis
53. Find the spherical coordinates for the point (-2,2,-1).
a. (3,3150,109.5o) b. (3,2400,109.5o) c. (3,3000,110o) d. (3,2150,100o)
54. Find the point where the line through the points (3,-1,0) and (1,3,4) pierces the xz-plane.
a. (1,0,1) b. (1.5,0,1) c. (2,0,1) d. (2.5,0,1)
55. Find the acute angle between the lines x + y + 1 = 0, x – y + z + 1 = 0 and x – y – z – 1 = 0, x + y = 0.
a. 71.200 b. 72.210 c. 73.220 d. 74.230
56. Find the piercing point in the xy-plane of the line x + y – z – 3 = 0, x + 2y + z – 4 = 0.
a. (1,2,0) b. (1,0,2) c. (2,0,1) d. (2,1,0)
57. It is a classification of quadric surfaces that are symmetrical with respect to the origin.
a. central quadrics b. non-central quadrics c. degenerate quadrics d. generate quadrics
58. In the equation, + = 1, shows that the directrix is ________________.
a. circle b. ellipse c. hyperbola d. parabola
2 2
59. The surface described by the equation 4x + y + 26z = 100 is an
a. elliptic hyperboloid b. elliptic paraboloid c. ellipsoid d. elliptic cone
60. Find the z-coordinate of the midpoint of the segment whose end point are (4,5,6) and (-3,1,2).
a. 3 b. 4 c. 5 d. 6
61. Find the distance of the point (6,2,3) from the z-axis.
a. 2√ b. 2√ c. 3√ d. 3√
62. The equation x2 + z2 = 5y is a paraboloid of revolution that is symmetric with respect to
a. origin b. x-axis c. y-axis d. z-axis
2 2 2
63. The sphere x + y + z – 2x + 6y + 2z – 14 = 0 has a radius
a. 2 b. 3 c. 4 d. 5
64. If the angle between two lines with direction numbers 1,4,-8 and x,3,-6 respectively is arccos (62/63), find
x.
a. 2 b. 3 c. 4 d. 5
65. Find the angle between the line L1 with direction numbers 3,4,1 and the line L2 with direction number 5,3,-
a. 55.410
6. b. 60.510 c. 65.610 d. 70.710

Engr. Katelyn G. Gabon

MATH REVIEWER ANALYTIC GEOMETRY

KEY ANSWER

1. C 11. C 21. B 31. A 41. D 51. B 61. A

2. C 12. B 22. C 32. B 42. A 52. C 62. C
3. A 13. A 23. C 33. B 43. A 53. A 63. A
4. B 14. A 24. B 34. C 44. C 54. D 64. A
5. B 15. C 25. A 35. D 45. B 55. C 65. B
6. D 16. A 26. C 36. B 46. C 56. D
7. D 17. B 27. A 37. A 47. B 57. A
8. C 18. C 28. A 38. C 48. C 58. B
9. B 19. C 29. B 39. D 49. D 59. B
10. B 20. A 30. B 40. D 50. D 60. C

Engr. Katelyn G. Gabon