“TARGET PAPER for getting 85/85 Marks”

XI – CHEMISTRY (2022)
By Sir Nasim Zulfiqar
Section A (Multiple Choice Questions) – 33 Marks
CH#1 Introduction to Fundamental Concepts of Chemistry
2021: This pair of compound has the same empirical formula: (C2H4 & C2H2, CH4 & C2H6, HCHO & CH3COOH, C2H6 & C6H6)
2021: Volume-Volume Relationship is based upon Gay-Lussac’s Law.
2021: The volume of 3.01x1023 molecules of H2 at STP will be: 11.2 dm3
2021: 602.10 has __________ significant figures. (Five)
2021: 1 mole of H2O contains number of hydrogen atoms 1.204x1024 atoms.
2017/2019: This has five significant figures:
*0.00215 *21500 *21.5210 *21.521
2017: Considering the rule of significant figures the simplified result of 3.1+14.367 is:
*17.467 *17.47 *17.50 *17.5
2016/2018: The characteristic of 103 is: 3
2016/2018/2019: The volume of 3.01x1023 molecules of N2 gas at S.T.P will be: 11.2 dm3
2015: This one of the following pairs has the same number of molecules:
*10g H2 & 10g CH4 *10g H2 & 50g CH4 * 10g H2 & 80 g CH4 * 10g H2 & 16g CH4
2014: During experiments, average of several replicate measurements is taken because: *It’s more reliable
2013/2009: The number of moles in 58.5 gm of NaCl is: 1
2013/2010: The empirical formula of a compound is CH2O and molecular mass is 60, it’s molecular formula is:
(a) CH2O (b) C2H4O2 (c) C3H6O3 (d0 C4H8O4
2012: 3.01x1023 molecules of oxygen gas at S.T.P occupy a volume of: 22.4 dm3
2010: Which of the following has the same number of molecules oat S.T.P?
(a) 1dm3 of N2 and O2 (b) 500 cm3 of Cl2 and O2 (c) 100 cm3 of CO2 and O2 (d) All of them
2010: Which of the following contains two significant figures? (a) 0.04 (b) 0.004 (c) 0.0004 (d) 0.042
3
2009: At S.T.P 0.1 mole of a gas occupies the volume: 2.24 dm
2009: Which number has five significant figures? (a) 302.10 (b) 3.00002 (c) 30000 (d) 30200
24
2009: A beaker containing 180 gm of water contains: 6.02x10 molecules
2009: one cm3 is equal to: 10-3 dm3
CH#2 The Three States of Matter
1) Gas behaves ideally at these conditions:
* High pressure and high temperature * High pressure and low temperatures
* Low pressure and high temperature *Low pressure and high temperature (2016)
2) Glass is a/an: *Crystalline solid * Amorphous solid * Covalent solid * Ionic solid
3) If a=b=c and α=β=γ=90° then the shape of the crystal is: Cubic (2015/2013)
4) Conduction in metals is due to the movement of electrons. (2015/2010)
5) If the absolute temperature is doubled and pressure increased to 4 times, the volume: is halved. (2014)
6) The basis of motor oil grading is: Viscosity. (2021/2014)
7) Diamond is very hard because of: Close packing of carbon atoms and large number of covalent bonds. (2014)
8) If a≠b≠c, α=β=γ=90°, the crystal structure is: Orthorhombic. (2014/2010)
9) The vapor pressure of water at 100 °C is: 760 torr (2021/2013/2010)
10) The process in which a solid directly changed into vapors without passing through liquid phase is called: Sublimation. (2019)
11) On Kelvin scale, absolute zero is equal to: -273°C. (2012)
12) The number of crystal system on the basis of unit cell is: 7 (2012)
2 -1 -1
13) The value of R (gas constant), when pressure is expressed in N/m is: 8.314 J.K mol (2012)
14) Real gases are nearer to identity at: High temperature and low pressure. (2012)
15) Capillary action of liquids is due to: Surface Tension. (2019/2012)
16) Two solids, having the same crystal structure are called: Isomorphous. (2021/2012)
17) An ideal gas obeys gas laws under this condition: All temperatures and pressures. (2019/2011)
18) The instrument used to measure atmospheric pressure is: Barometer. (2011)
2
19) In S.I. system, the unit of pressure is: Kg/m.s (2011)
20) The volume of gas would theoretically be zero at 0 K. (2011)
21) The internal resistance of a liquid is called: Viscosity. (2011)
22) The total pressure of a mixture of gases is the sum of the partial pressure of each gas present in the mixture is stated
by: Dalton. (2010)
23) A gas at zero Kelvin: Vanishes. (2009)
24) The unit of viscosity is: millipoise. (2009)
25) Evaporation is a: Cooling process. (2009)
26) The melting point of those substances which expand on melting increase when the pressure is: (2017)
*decreased *increased *kept unchanged *atmospheric
27) The atmospheric pressure recorded in different places at the same time is given below: (2017)
Nathiagali Hunza Murree Gilgit
700 torr 650 torr 710 torr 600 torr
Water boils first in: Gilgit.
28) In the diagram given below, the name of the reverse process of B is: Condensation. (2017)

29) If a=b≠c and α===90°, the crystal structure is: Tetragonal. [2018]
30) The rate of diffusion of CO2 is equal to that of (CH4, CO, C3H8, SO2) [2018]
31) The SI unit of viscosity is: N.s.m-2 (2018)
32) This phenomenon is due to surface tension: Capillary Action. (2021)
33) The ration of diffusion of CO2 is equal to: (CO, CH4, C3H8, SO2) (2021)
33) This law is applied in collection of gases over water. Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressure. (2021)
CH#3 The Structure of Atom
1) The following pair of ions is iso-electronic: *Na+ & Mg+2 *F- & O- *Li+ & Na+ *S2- & O2- (2015)
2) This one of the following colors has the shortest wavelength: Violet. (2019/2015/2013)
3) The (n+l) value for 5d orbital is: 7 (2019/2015/2013/2010)
4) The value of Plank’s constant ‘h’ is: 6.625x10-34 J.S (2014)
5) This series of lines is produced when the electron jumps from the 4th orbit to the 2nd orbit: Balmer Series. (2019/2013)
6) ‘No two electrons in an atom can have all the four quantum numbers identical.’ Is the statement of: Pauli’s Exclusion Principle. (2012)
7) The particle having a mass 1836 times that of the electron is: Proton. (2021/2012)
8) On emission of α-particles, 92U238 changes into: 90Th234 (2012)
9) An orbital can have a maximum of 2 electrons. (2011)
10) The maximum number of unpaired electrons in 3d energy level is: 5. (2011)
11) An electron is said to be excited when it: Jumps to a higher orbit. (2011)
12) The color of light depends upon its wave length. (2009)
13) Most of the radiations coming from pitchblende were: Electrons. (2017)
14) The number of orbitals in each energy level is given by the formula: n2 (2017)
15) They energy of each quantum of radiation is directly proportional to its: Frequency. (2017/2018)
16) The uncertainty principle is applied to: electron. (2017)
17) Quantum number values for 3d orbital are: n=3, l=2. (2017)
2
18) The potential energy of an electron can be denoted by –Ze /r. (2018)
19) The maximum number of electrons in a particular energy level is 2n2. (2018)
20) These radioactive rays are non-material in nature. Gamma-rays. (2018)
21) The maximum number of electrons that can be accommodated in f orbital is 14. (2019)
22) In James Chadwick’s experiment α particles were bombarded on Beryllium. (2021)
23) This color has the largest wavelength in visible spectrum: Red. (2021)
24) The maximum number of electrons in a particular sub energy level is: 2(2l+1) (2021)
25) In hydrogen atom, the series of spectral lines which are obtained when electron jumps from higher orbit to 1st orbit
is called: Lyman Series. (2021)
26) By emitting α particles 92U changes into 90Th
238 234
(2021)
27) This one is not same in Na+ (Z=11), Mg+2 (Z=12) and Al+3 (Z=13)
* Number of shells * Number of electrons * Electronic configuration * Number of protons (2021)
28) The n+l value of 4f orbital is: 7 (2021)
CH#4 Chemical Bond
1) This hydrogen halide has the highest percentage of ionic character: (HF, HCl, HBr, HI) (2019/2016)
2) The bond angle is maximum in this molecule: (CH4, CO2, H2O, NH3) (2016)
3) Bond energy is the greatest for: (CH4, N2, O2, Cl2) (2016/2018)
4) This molecule has zero dipole moment: (NH3, CO2, H2O, HCl) (2021/2019/2016/2018)
5) The octet rule is not valid for this molecule: (N2, CO2, O2, H2) (2021/2016)
6) The SI Unit of dipole moment is Coulomb metre. (2015)
7) This is not a primary bond: (Ionic bond, Covalent bond, Dative bond, Hydrogen bond) (2015)
8) Dipole moment of CS2 is zero. Hence, the bond angle is: 180° (2015)
9) In pi-bond, electron density lies: both above and below nodal plane. (2014)
10) The presence of hydrogen bonding in a liquid decreases: (Vapor pressure, boiling point, viscosity, no change) (2014)
11) The presence of hydrogen bond is in between: 20-40 KJ/mol (2014)
12) The bond formed in fluorine molecule is due to this overlap of orbital: p-p (2013)
13) Bond energy of C≡C as compared to that of C=C is: greater. (2013)
14) The angle between sp3 orbitals is: 109.5° (2013/2011)
15) The strength of sigma bond is highest for: p-p overlap (2012)
16) The dipole moment of Cl2 molecule is 0. (2012)
17) The single bond in a covalent molecule is called: Sigma bond. (2011)
18) Which bond is non polar? (Cl-Cl, N-Cl, C-Cl, H-Cl) (2010)
19) The sp2 hybrid orbitals are: (Non-planar, co-planar, linear, all of these) (2010)
20) Which orbital always involve in sigma bonding: s-orbital. (2009)
21) In ethane C2H4 there are 5 sigma bonds and 1 pi bond. (2009)
22) When gaseous cations and anions are brought closer, the energy involved is: Lattice Energy. (2009)
2
23) Which of the compound has sp hybridization. (NH3, C2H2, C2H4, H2O) (2009)
24) The number of bonds in C2H2 molecules is: three σ and two π (2021/2017)
25) This molecule has the maximum bond angle. (NH3, CO2, SO2, H2O) (2017/2018)
-30
26) 1 Debye = 3.335x10 C-m. (2019)
27) The range of bond energy of hydrogen bond is: 20-40 KJ/mol (2021)
28) 1 Debye = 3.335x10-30 C-m (2021)
29) This molecule has the highest bond energy and shortest bond length. (C=C, O=O, N≡N, C≡C) (2021)
30) This molecule has a linear structure. (CH4, NH3, BF3, C2H2) (2021)
31) This compound do not contain hydrogen bond: (CH4, H2O, NH3, HF) (2021)
32) This molecule have two lone pair and two bond pair electrons. (NH3, CCl4, H2O, BeCl2) (2021)
CH#5 Energetics of Chemical Reaction
1) This is not an extensive property. *Entropy *Viscosity *Enthalpy *Internal energy (2016/2018)
2) The bulk properties of a system which are easily measurable are called Macroscopic Properties. (2016)
3) 1 cal is equal to 4.184 J. (2015)
4) A real or imaginary line or wall, which separates a system from its surroundings, is called boundary. (2014)
5) A heterogeneous system consists of more than one phase. (2013)
6) The heat content of a system is called Enthalpy. (2013/2010)
7) This is an intensive property: *Density *Mass *Mole *Volume (2011)
8) Hess’s law may be used to calculate: ΔH (2011)
9) This is an example of endothermic reaction. (Model Paper)
(Making ice cube, melting ice cube, combustion of gasoline, neutralization of acid and base)
10) This is an intensive property: (Internal Energy, Enthalpy, Volume, Refractive Index) (2017)
11) 1 Joule = 0.239 Cal (2019)
12) This is not an intensive property: (Volume, Surface Tension, Viscosity, Boiling Point) (2021)
13) At constant volume, heat absorbed by a system is: qV=ΔE (2021)
CH#6 Chemical Equilibrium
1) The extent of reaction will be maximum for this Kc value: (10-13, 0.1, 10, 103) [2016]
2) The yield of ammonia in Haber’s process is favored by high pressure & low temperature. [2016]
3) With an increase in temperature, a system involving exothermic reaction will: move in the reverse direction. [2015]
4) For the reaction 2NH3↔ N2 + 3H2 the relationship between Kc and Kp is: Kp> Kc [2015/2012]
5) The most favorable conditions of temperature and pressure for oxidation of SO 2 into SO3 are:
Low temperature and high pressure. [2015]
6) Addition of KCl to AgCl solution causes: Decrease in ionization of AgCl. [2014]
7) When the product of ionic concentrations of sparingly soluble salt is equal to its solubility product (KSP), the solution is
said to be a: Saturated Solution. [2014]
8) Precipitation occurs if the ionic concentration is: more than KSP [2013/2010]
9) If KC is very small: reverse reaction will occur. [2011]
10) The active masses of reacting substances mean: mole/dm3 [2010]
11) Which of the reactions has the same value of Kc and Kp.
* N2 + 3H2↔ 2NH3 * H2 + I2 ↔ 2HI *PCl5↔ PCl3 + Cl2 * 2SO2 + O2↔ 2SO3 [2010]
12) For a reversible reaction, if the concentration of the reactants are doubled, then the equilibrium constant
will: remain the same. [2017]
+2 -
13) The equation for KSP of CaF2 is KSP=[Ca ][F ] 2 [2018]
14) In the following equation Kp>Kc.
(a) H2 + I2 = 2HI (b) PCl5 = PCl3 + Cl2 (c) 2SO2 + O2 = 2SO3 (d) 2NO2 = N2O4 [2019]
15) In this reaction KP>KC
*H2 + I2  2HI * PCl5  PCl3 + Cl2 * 2NO2  N2O4 * 2SO2 + O2  2SO3 [2021]
16) In exothermic reactions, increase in temperature favors: Reverse Direction [2021]
17) The reaction CH3COOH + C2H5OH  CH3COOC2H5 + H2O is called Esterification. [2021]
18) According to Le-chatelier’s principle the yield of the products cannot be controlled with the help of: catalyst [2021]
CH#7 Solution & Electrolytes
1) The molarity of a solution containing 20 gm NaOH dissolved into 1dm3 solution will be 0.5 [2016]
+ +2 +3 +
2) This ion has the greatest degree of ionization. (Na , Mg , Al , K ) [2016]
3) The strongest oxidizing agent in the Electro Chemical Series (ECS) is F. [Model Paper]
4) This pair does not represent buffer solution:
(CH3COOH+CH3COONa, NH4OH+NH4Cl, Na2CO3+NaHCO3, CH3COOH+HCl) [Model Paper]
5) This ion is more strongly hydrated with water: (Br-, O-2, Ca+2, Al+3) [2021/2018]
6) When 2 moles of solute are present in 2 dm3 of solution, then the concentration of the solution is 1M. [2015]
7) The oxidation number of Sulfur in NaHSO4 is +6 [2015]
8) The volume of 0.2M H2SO4 required for the neutralization of 10 cm3 of 0.1M NaOH is 5 cm3. [2015]
9) Metals placed above hydrogen in the electrochemical series are reducing agents. [2014]
10) The oxidation number of Mn in KMnO4 is +7. [2019/2014]
11) The pH of milk of magnesia is 10.5 [2014]
12) The percentage dissociation of NH4OH is 1.4% [2014]
13) In this, electric current is produced by an oxidation reduction process: Voltaic cell. [2013]
14) Among these solutions this one has the highest pH value:
(0.01M NaOH, 0.02M HCl, 0.01M NaHCO3, 0.10M H2SO4) [2013]
15) This salt will hydrolyze in water: (NaCl, NH4Cl, KCl, Na2SO4) [2013]
16) The color of universal indicator in neutral solution is: Green. [2021/2019/2012]
17) In electrolytic cell, the anode is the electrode where: Oxidation occurs. [2012]
18) The number of gram moles of solute present in 1 dm3 of solution is called: Molarity. [2012]
19) In electrolytic cell, cathode is negative. [2011]
20) The oxidation number of oxygen in hydrogen peroxide is: -1 [2011]
21) The Range of pOH is 0 – 14. [2011]
22) An electrochemical cell is based upon: Redox reaction. [2010]
3 3
23) If 200 cm of 1M solution is diluted up to 2000 cm , its molarity would be 0.1M. [2009]
24) The oxidation number of S in H2SO4 is: +6 [2009]
25) What is the pOH of a solution whose pH is 8? 6 [2009]
26) Which of the following is the example of oxidation:
(M3+  M2+, M2+  M3+, Be24 + He24  C612 + 0n1, None of these) [2009]
27) The molarity of a solution containing 4gm NaOH dissolved in 10ml solution is: 10M [2017]
3
28) The molarity of a solution containting 53 gm Na2CO3 dissolved in 1 dm solution will be 0.5M. [2018]
29) When this salt is dissolved in water, it does not hydrolyze. (NaCl, CH3COONa, Na2CO3, NaHCO3) [2021]
30) Its solution is basic: (NH4Cl, NaCl, Na2CO3, KCl) [2021]
31) The oxidation number of N in HNO3 is: +5 [2021]
32) This is considered as a weak electrolye: (HCl, HNO3, NaOH, CH3COOH) [2021]
CH#8 Introduction to Chemical Kinetics
1) The energy profile diagram for an exothermic reaction is shown below:

The energy of activation for this reaction is: 25 J [Model Paper]

2
2) Rate=K[NH3] Keeping the other conditions same, if the concentration of NH3 is increased by four times, then the intial
rate of reaction of reaction X will be 16X. [2016]
3) Photochemical reactions, which proceed only under the influence of light are of the order: Zero. [2021/2015]
4) This chemical method is used to determine the rate of reaction: Hydrolysis. [2013]
5) Reactions with high activation energy are slow. [2011]
6) The change in concentration of reacting substance in a unit time is called rate of reaction. [2021/2010]
7) The addition of a catalyst to a reaction changes activation energy. [2010]
8) A powdered solid is more reactive than its chunks due to: greater surface area. [2021/2019/2017]
9) The reaction 2NO22NO+O2 is of 2nd Order. [2018]
 Section B (Short Answer Questions) 32 Marks

Q1: Definitions.
Limiting Reactant Stoichiometry Molar Volume
Significant Figures
Dipole Moment Enthalpy
Heat of Formation Common ion effect Activation Energy
Electrode Potential Order of Reaction
Q2: Numericals.
(i) CaCO3 ------heat------>CaO + CO2 CaCO3 is often used to generate CO2 gas in industry. If 200g of CaCO3 is strongly
heated, what volume of CO2 gas will be obtained at 30°C and 1200 torr pressure?
(ii) 10 gm H2SO4 has been dissolved in excess of water to dissociate it completely into ions. Calculate:
 Number of molecules in 10 gm of H2SO4
 Number of positive ions
(iii) ZnCl2 is prepared by the reaction of Zn + 2HCl  ZnCl2 + H2. 6.54 gm of Zn reacts with 73 grams of HCl. Find the
limiting reactant and the mass of ZnCl2 produced.
(iv) Combustion of 0.5 gm of a hydrocarbon produced 1.515 gm CO2 and 0.77 gm of H2O. If the molecular mass of the
compound is 58 a.m.u, determine its molecular formula.
(v) The density of a certain gas is 1.43 gram/dm3 at 608 torr and 27 °C. Find the molecular mass of the gas.
(vi) At certain temperature and pressure NH3 diffuses 1.48 times more than HCl. If the density of NH3 is 0.66
g/liters find the density of HCl.
(vii) 1.40 dm3 volume of a gas collected at a temperature of 27°C and pressure of 900 torr was found to have a
mass 2.273 gm. Calculate the molecular mass of the gas.
(viii) Calculate the wave number of spectral lines of hydrogen gas when electron jumps from n=4 to n=2.
(RH=109678 cm-1)
(ix) Bohr’s radius is 0.529 Å. Find the radius of the 3rd orbit of hydrogen atom.
(x) Calculate the heat of formation of M2A at 25°C.
* 2M + ½ A2  M 2A (ΔH=?)
*M + Y 2A  MAY + ½ Y2 (ΔH=-43.2 KJ/mol)
* Y2 + ½ A2  Y 2A (ΔH=-68.5 KJ/mol)
* M 2A + Y 2A  2MAY (Δ-63.2 KJ/mol)
(xi) Calculate the heat of formation from the following data:
* 4AX3 + 5 Y2  4AY + 6X2Y (ΔHf=?)
3
* ½ A2 + X2  AX3 (ΔH= -11 KJ/mol)
2
* X2 + ½ Y2  X 2Y (ΔH= -57.8 KJ/mol)
* ½ A2 + ½ Y2  AY (ΔH= +21.6 KJ/mol)
(xii) If 1800 cals of heat is added to a system while the system does work equivalent to 2800 cals by expanding
against the surrounding. What is the value of ΔE for the system?
(xiii) For the reaction N2 + 3H2↔ 2NH3the equilibrium mixture contains 0.25 M Nitrogen and 0.15 M Hydrogen
gas at 25 °C. Calculate the concentration of NH3 given Kc=9.6. The volume of container is 1 dm3
(xiv) Calculate the solubility product of PbCrO4 when the solubility of PbCrO4 is 1.0x10-3 grams/dm3.
(xv) 5.88 moles of nitrogen and 16.2 moles of oxygen are mixed and heated at 2000°C until the equilibrium is
established, 11.28 moles of nitric oxide are formed. Calculate the value of equilibrium constant.
N2 + O2↔ 2NO
(xvi) The aqueous solution of 0.3 M Mg(OH)2 is 60% ionized. Calculate its pH.
(xvii) pH of a solution is 8.4. Calculate the H+ and OH- ion concentration.
(xviii) The rate constant for the decomposition of NO2 in the equation 2NO2  2NO + O2 is 1.8x10-3 dm3/mole.sec What
is the initial rate when the initial concentration of NO2 is 0.75M? What is the rate constant when the initial
concentration of NO2 is doubled?
(xix) For the reaction A  Product threshold energy is 40 KJ/mol. The average internal energy of the reactants is 10
KJ/mole. Calculate its activation energy.
(xx) Determine the order of reaction from the following data: A+B  Product
A B Rate
3 3
Mole/dm Mole/dm Mole/dm3.sec
0.1 0.1 8x10-4
0.2 0.1 16x10-4
0.1 0.2 16x10-4

Q3: Differentiate between the following.

Isomorphism & Polymorphism Crystalline Solids & Amorphous Solids
Continuous Spectrum & Line Spectrum Orbit & Orbital
Sigma bond and pi bond Intensive Properties & Extensive Properties
Endothermic & Exothermic Reactions Hydration & Hydrolysis
Q4: Give Reason for the following:
(i) Water forms concave meniscus while mercury forms convex meniscus.
(ii) Rate of diffusion of CO2 and C3H8 gases are same
(iii) Surface tension of water is greater than that of ethyl alcohol.
(iv) Glycerine is distilled at reduced pressure.
(v) A drop of ink spreads over blotting paper.
(vi) Ethyl alcohol (C2H5OH) has greater viscosity than Diethyl ether (C2H5—O—C2H5)
(vii) A free falling drop of liquid is spherical.
(viii) Evaporation is a cooling process.
(ix) Mg+2 ion is smaller than Mg atom
(x) CO2 is a non-polar compound/CO2 has zero dipole moment.
(xi) Powdered zinc reacts more vigorously with HCl then the chunks of Zinc.
(xii) In a photochemical reaction, the order of reaction is zero.
(xiii) The energy of activation decreased with the increase of temperature.
Q5: State the following laws.
(i) Avogadro’s Law (ii) Dalton’s law of partial pressure (iii) Graham’s Law of diffusion
(iv) Charles’ law (v) First Law of Thermodynamics
Q6: Write Short Notes on:
Viscosity Surface Tension Quantum Numbers Buffer Solution
Q7: Derive general gas equation by combining gas laws and calculate the value of R in two different units.
Q8: Write the electronic configuration of the following:
Cu+ (Z=29) Br- (Z=35) Cu (Z=29) Ag (Z=47) Cr (Z=24) Mo (Z=42) Mg+2 (Z=12)
Cl-1 (Z=17) S-2 (Z=16) Ca+2(Z=20) Sr++ (Z=38) Ca++ (Z=20)
Q9: State the main postulates of Electron Pair Repulsion Theory and explain the shape of these molecules
according to VSEPR theory.
BeCl2, BF3, CH4, NH3, H2O
Q10: Define hybridization and discuss sp3 hybridization in methane, sp2 hybridization in ethene & sp
hybridization in ethyne.
Q11: Enumerate the rules of assigning oxidation number of the elements. Find the oxidation number of:
*Mn in MnO4- *N in NCl3 *Fe in Fe2(SO4)3 *P in H3PO4 *Cr in K2Cr2O7 *S in Na2S2O3
* Cr in Cr2O7-2 * S in H2S2O7 * N in NH4+
Q12: Balance the following chemical reactions by Ion-electron Method.
Balance by Ion-Electron Method:
1) Fe+2 + Cr2O7-2 + H+  Fe+3 + Cr+3 + H2O
2) Cl2 + OH-  Cl- + ClO3- + H2O
3) HNO3 + H2S  NO + S + H2O
4) Cr2O7- + I2  Cr+++ + IO3- (Acidic)
5) Cr(OH)3 + SO4-2  CrO4-2 + SO3-2 (Basic medium)
6) MnO4- + C2O4-2  Mn+2 + CO2 (Acidic medium)
7) MnO4- + SO3-2  Mn+2 + SO4-2 (Basic medium)
8) MnO4- + Cl-  Mn+2 + Cl2 (Acidic medium)
9) Fe2+ + MnO4- +H+ Fe+3 + Mn+2 + H2O
10) I- + Cr2O7-2 + H+  Cr+3 + IO3-1 + H2O
Section C (Detailed Answer Questions)

Q1: Write down the postulates of Kinetic molecular theory of gases.

Q2: Derive an expression for the radius of nth orbit for hydrogen atom using Bohr’s atomic model.
Q3: Give the defects of Rutherford’s atomic theory. Write the postulates of Bohr’s atomic theory
Q4: What is chemical bond? Give its types. Define electrovalent bond. Explain the formation of NaCl along-
with the energy changes involved. Also write three characteristics of ionic compounds.
Q5: Define thermochemistry. State and explain Hess’s law of constant heat summation with its application.
Q6: State and explain Le-Chatelier’s Principle and write down its industrial applications in Haber’s process &
Contact Process.
Q7: State and explain the law of mass action (Law of Equilibrium). Derive the expression of K c for a general
reversible reaction and predict the extent of reaction.
Q8: Define standard electrode potential. How is the electrode potential of Zinc and Copper determined?
Q9: Explain the factors which affect the rate of reaction.
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