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  • Assignment-2: Aee244-Fluid Mechanics Aerospace Engineering Department

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    Muhammed Furkan SOYLU
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    This document describes an experiment to measure fluid flow rates using various common devices. The objectives are to familiarize students with Venturi meters, orifice plates, and rotameters; compare measurements from each to a standard catch-tank method; and determine energy losses. The apparatus includes a Venturi meter, orifice plate, rotameter, and sections for a rapid divergence and 90 degree elbow. Measurements are taken and equations are used to calculate head losses. Results show the rotameter has a constant head loss of 100mm while the elbow creates the largest loss. The Venturi meter provides the highest measured flow rate.

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    This document describes an experiment to measure fluid flow rates using various common devices. The objectives are to familiarize students with Venturi meters, orifice plates, and rotameters; compare measurements from each to a standard catch-tank method; and determine energy losses. The apparatus includes a Venturi meter, orifice plate, rotameter, and sections for a rapid divergence and 90 degree elbow. Measurements are taken and equations are used to calculate head losses. Results show the rotameter has a constant head loss of 100mm while the elbow creates the largest loss. The Venturi meter provides the highest measured flow rate.

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    11 views9 pages

    Assignment-2: Aee244-Fluid Mechanics Aerospace Engineering Department

    Uploaded by

    Muhammed Furkan SOYLU
    This document describes an experiment to measure fluid flow rates using various common devices. The objectives are to familiarize students with Venturi meters, orifice plates, and rotameters; compare measurements from each to a standard catch-tank method; and determine energy losses. The apparatus includes a Venturi meter, orifice plate, rotameter, and sections for a rapid divergence and 90 degree elbow. Measurements are taken and equations are used to calculate head losses. Results show the rotameter has a constant head loss of 100mm while the elbow creates the largest loss. The Venturi meter provides the highest measured flow rate.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    of 9

    AEE244- FLUID MECHANICS

    AEROSPACE ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

    ASSIGNMENT-2

    M.FURKAN SOYLU 2264992


    Introduction
    Flow measurement is an important topic in the study of fluid dynamics. It must be made in
    chemical plants, refineries, power plants, and any other place where the quality of the
    product or performance of the plant depends on having a precise flow rate. Flow
    measurements also enter into our everyday lives in the metering of water and natural gas
    into our homes and gasoline into our cars. There are many instruments used in flow
    measurements. In this experiment, we are going to use the following devices:
    1) Venturi.
    2) Orifice plate.
    3) Rotameter.
    Objectives
    This experiment aims to:
    A) Familiarize students with some common devices and methods used in measuring flow
    rate.
    B) Each flow measurement device will be compared to the standard method of using the
    catch-tank and stopwatch to measure the flow rate.
    C) Determine the energy loss incurred by each of these devices.
    D) Determine the energy loss arising in a rapid enlargement and a 90 degree elbow.

    Apparatus
    Figures (1) and (2) show the Flow Measurement apparatus. Water from the Hydraulic Bench
    enters the equipment through a Venturi meter, which consists of a gradually converging
    section, followed by a throat, and a long gradually diverging section. After a change in cross-
    section through a rapidly diverging section, the flow continues along a settling length and
    through an orifice meter. This is made from a plate with a hole of reduced diameter through
    which the fluid flows. The water then continues around a bend and up through a rotameter-
    type flowmeter. The rotameter is a transparent tube of gradually diverging cross section in
    which the “float” takes an equilibrium position; the vertical position of the float is a measure
    of the flow rate. After the rotameter, the flow returns via a control valve to the hydraulic
    bench where the flow rate can be measured using the catch-tank and a stopwatch.
    3. Rotameter
    For this meter, application of equation (1) gives:

    (𝑃_𝐻 /𝜌𝑔 + 𝑧_𝐻) – ( 𝑃_𝐼/ 𝜌𝑔 + 𝑧_𝐼) = 𝛥𝐻_𝐻𝐼

    Then, as illustrated in figure (7):

    ℎ_𝐻 − ℎ_𝐼 = 𝛥𝐻_𝐻𝐼 − − − − − − − −(9)

    Inspection of the table of experimental results shows that this head loss is virtually
    independent of discharge and has a constant value of approximately 100 mm of water.
    As has already been shown, this is a characteristic property of the rotameter. For
    comparative purposes it could be expressed in terms of the inlet kinetic head. However,
    when the velocity is very low the head loss remains the same and so becomes many,
    many times the kinetic head. It is instructive to compare the head losses associated with
    the three meters with those associated with the rapidly diverging section, or wide-
    angled diffuser, and 9 | Page Lab. Supervisor: Eng. Walaa Araydah with the right-angled
    bend or elbow. The same procedure is adopted to evaluate these losses.

    4. Wide-angled diffuser
    The inlet to the diffuser may be considered to be at (C) and the outlet at (D). Applying
    equation (1):

    𝑃_𝐶 /𝜌𝑔 + 𝑉_𝐶 ^2 /2𝑔 = 𝑃_𝐷 /𝜌𝑔 + 𝑉_𝐷 ^2/ 2𝑔 + 𝛥𝐻_𝐶𝐷 − − − − − − − −(10)

    Since the area ratio, inlet to outlet, of the diffuser is 1:4 the outlet kinetic head is 1/16 of
    the inlet kinetic head.
    5. Right-angled bend
    The inlet to the bend is at (G) where the pipe bore is 51.9 mm and outlet is at (H) where
    the bore is 40 mm. Applying equation (1):

    𝑃_𝐺 /𝜌𝑔 + 𝑉_𝐺^ 2/ 2𝑔 = 𝑃_𝐻 /𝜌𝑔 + 𝑉_𝐻^ 2/ 2𝑔 + 𝛥𝐻_𝐺𝐻 − − − − − − − −(11)

    The outlet kinetic head is now 2.8 times the inlet kinetic head.

    Conclusion

    Results are shown with calculations functions at excel file. There are huge lose at elbow.
    While stream developed, we can observe by looking rotameter, pressure drops at some
    parts which is especially venturi meter. Because of this venturi meter provides the
    highest mass flow rate.

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