Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Region XII
DIVISION OF SULTAN KUDARAT
KEYTODAC, NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Keytodac, Lebak, Sultan Kudarat

Level of Reading Comprehension

of
Grade 7 Learners

In partial fulfillment of the Practical Research 1

as a Subject Requirements for Senior High School Curriculum

Regene B. Gabriel
Che-Ann E. Otivilladar
Jenerose T. Calumag
Angel P. tan
Mary Joy C. Petilo
Joan Castor

May 2022
 CHAPTER 1

Background of the Study

Reading comprehension is the ability to process text, understand its meaning and
to integrate with what the reader already knows. Fundamental skills required inefficient
reading comprehension are knowing meaning of words, ability to understand meaning
of a word from discourse context, ability to follow organization of passage and to identify
antecedents and references in it, ability to draw inferences from a passage about its
contents, ability to identify the main thought of a passage, ability to recognize the literary
devices or propositional structures used in a passage and determine its tone, to
understand the situational mood (agents, objects, temporal and spatial reference points,
casual and intentional inflections, etc.) Conveyed for assertions, questioning,
commanding, refraining, etc. And finally, ability to determine writer’s purpose, intent,
and point of view, and draw inferences about the writer (discourse – semantics) there
are many reading strategies to improve reading comprehension and inferences,
including improving one’s vocabulary, critical text analysis. (Intertextuality actual events
us narration of events, etc.) and practicing deep reading. Ability to comprehend texts is
influenced by reader’s skills and their ability to process information. If word recognition
is difficult, students use too much of their processing capacity to read individual words,
which interferes with their ability to comprehend what is read. Without comprehension,
children gain no meaning from what they read comprehension strategies are used to
increase children’s understanding of the text to them become active readers by
engaging with the text.

Reading is one of four important language skills that should be mastered by

students. It is one of the wraps for getting knowledge that cannot be separated from
every learning process and it does not only happen in educational field but also in our
daily life. Reading helps students learn a new vocabulary and grammar. It also makes
them enjoy the reading, and they can learn more by reading.

Reading comprehension is not an easy process hence not an easy skill to

teach, on that part of the teacher’s, and acquire (in the case of the student’s similar
contention was claimed by when they maintained that reading comprehension is “one of
the most complex behaviors we engaged in daily. This assertion resonates with
previous author view that nothing is plan and simple about reading comprehension as a
skills and ability that learners must process to succeed in their personal and academic
lives. In the same light, researchers have claimed that reading comprehension apart
from involving a complex process is as well influenced by various factors.

Reading is a complex developmental challenge that we know to be intertwined

with many other developmental accomplishments: Attention, memory, language, and
motivation. Reading is not only a cognitive psycholinguistic activity but also a social
activity. https:\\www.nap.educ.

Reading comprehension is the process of constructing meaning by

coordinating several complex processes that include word reading, word and world
knowledge, and fluency. Readers comprehend a text when they are able to
communicate with a text. http://digilib.unimed.ac.id.

Reading comprehension is the ability to read text, process it and understand

its meaning. It relies on two, interconnected abilities: word reading (being able to
decode the symbols on the page) and language comprehension (being able to
understand the meaning of the word and sentences) comprehension is the whole point
of reading. They understand and interpret what they read. They construct meaning from
text. https\\www.oxfordowl.co.uk.

Reading comprehension is one of the most problem facing by our school

especially in grade 7 students. Grade 7 students has in a level of adjustment in learning,
and also, we face this covid 19 pandemic in which the level of learning was affected
especially to the grade 7 students. Many students could not read and analyzed what
they read. This problem also caused by pandemic, many students lack ability in reading
because teacher and student strictly to meet personally so that there is no time to teach
how to read. Parents also has no time for teaching their children because they are
working at farm. For now, we can say that many of the students has no interest in
learning because of addiction on gadgets. That’s why the KEYTODAC NATIONAL
HIGH SCHOOL has facing problem in reading comprehension in grade 7 students.
 We choose to propose this title to help students to improve their skills in
reading and enhance their ability to understand what they read. The purpose of this
research is to evaluate the level of reading skills of the students.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

This research study opted to know the reading comprehension level of grade 7.
Specifically, it will answer the questions:

1. What is the reading comprehension level of grade 7 in terms of the following:

1.1. Gender
1.2. Ethnicity
1.3. Parent’s Educational Attainment
2. What is the level of reading comprehension of grade 7?
3. Is there a significant difference on the level of reading comprehension
between male and female?
4. Is there a significant difference on the level of reading comprehension among
ethnicity group?

Hypotheses

Null hypotheses

Ho (1) There is no significant difference on the level of reading

comprehension between male and female

Ho (2) There is no significant difference on the level of reading

comprehension among ethnicity group

 Alternative Hypotheses

Ha (1) There is a significant difference on the level of reading comprehension

between male and female

Ha (2) There is a significant difference on the level of reading comprehension

among ethnicity group

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

1. It is important to the TEACHER to give more time to teach students in reading

comprehension.
2. It is important to the TEACHER and PARENTS to give more time to every
student to learn how to read and to comprehend.
3. STUDENTS must cooperate and have a vision to practice in reading
comprehension.

SCOPE AND LIMITATION OF THE STUDY

The study investigated the reading comprehension of grade 7 of Keytodac,

National, High School at Keytodac, Lebak, Sultan Kudarat. Grade 7 students must be
the respondents in this study in school year 2022-2023.

Definition of Terms

Ability - the quality or state of being able.

Assertion - to act of asserting or something that is asserted.
Antecedents - a preceding events, condition or cause.
Attributed - a quality, character, or characteristic ascribed to someone or something.
Capacity - legal competency.
Comprehend - to grasp the nature, significance or meaning.
Comprehension - the act or action of grasping with the intellect.
Discourse – verbal interchange of ideas.
Engaging – tending to draw favorable attention or interest.
Fundamental – serving as a basis supporting existence or determining essential
structure or function.
Inefficient – wasteful of time or energy.
Inferences – something that is inferred.
Information – knowledge obtained from investigation.
Intertextuality – the complex interrelationship between a text and other text taken as
basic to the creation or interpretation of the text.
Narration- the act or process or an instance of narrating.
Passage – away of exit or entrance.
Phenomenon – an observable, fact or event.
Propositional – something offered for consideration or acceptance.
Proficiency – advancement in knowledge or skill.
Reading – the act of reading.
Skills – the ability to use one’s knowledge effectively and readily in execution or
performance.
Spatial – relating to, occupying, or having the character of space.
Strategy – a variety of or instance of the used of strategy.
Temporal – of or relating to time as opposed to eternity.
Understanding – the power to make experience intelligible by applying concepts and
categories.
 CHAPTER II

REVIEW RELATED LITERATURE

According to Eristiana Sri Augustin (2014) Cities Langan (2002) Who says that
reading comprehension is the ability to understanding the text and its starts with the
general feeling or what the text means to a deeper understanding of the text.

Meneghetti, Carretti and De Beni (2006) says that reading comprehension is a

very complex phenomenon; it requires cognitive ability to integrate information of the
text with that of readers knowledge which results in mental representation of the in an
elaborative manner.

However, the simple view of reading (SVR) states that reading comprehension
depends on decoding skills in language comprehension. According to Numan (2003), is
affluent process that combines information from the text with existing information to
reach a meaning. Reading comprehension is a universal process that consist of eliciting
and conjuring meaning through interaction and involvement with written language (Mc
Namara and Maglinao,2009).

According to Richard, reading means perceiving a written text in order to

understand its context. In a 2018 global survey called program for international
assessment (PISA) among 600,000 students worldwide. Filipino students around the
age of 15 got a rating of 340 points in reading comprehension, lower than the average
of 487 points. Consequently, in the said, study the Philippines ranked last among 79
countries. https:\\www.manilatimes.net

That is 80% of the Filipino students did not reach the minimum level of
proficiency in reading. Their poor scores in English, Mathematics and Science are
tributed to the students lack of ability in basic reading and comprehension. https:\\
www.scrip.org.

A 2019 study published in psychological science is finally shedding light on

their mysteries. The researchers discovered a “knowledge threshold” when it comes to
reading comprehension. If students were unfamiliar with 59% of the terms in a topic,
their ability to understand the text was “compromised”. https:\\www.edutopia.org.

A secondary school teacher in Zamboanga City noted that during the 2019
program for international students assessment (PISA), the Philippines, scored the
lowest in reading comprehension. https:\\www.manilatimes.net.

Keytodac, National, High School facing a problem in reading comprehension

especially in grade 7 students. Students has a difficulty to comprehend what they read.
Sometimes the reason is lack of their interest.

Conceptual Framework
TEXT READING

READING
COMPREHENSION INDEPENDENT

INSTRUCTIONAL

FRUSTRATION
SUMMATIVE TEST

SEX

ETHNICITY

Figure 1. Conceptual Framework Showing the Different Variables for the Study,
Reading Comprehension Level of Grade 7 Students in Keytodac National High School

CHAPTER III
METHODOLOGY
RESEARCH DESIGN
 This study used a descriptive survey research design. The result of the survey to
the students and to the teachers were determine and interpreted the reading
comprehension of grade 7 students of Keytodac, National, High School.

LOCALE OF THE STUDY

This research will be conducted at Barangay, Keytodac, Lebak , Sultan Kudarat.
It was 35 kilometers from the National Highway in between of Barangay Salangsang,
Lebak, Sultan Kudarat and Barangay Salumping, Esperanza, Sultan Kudarat.

SUBJECT OF THE STUDY

The respondents of the study are all the grade 7 students of Keytodac,

National High School.

RESEARCH INSTRUMENTS
This study used the Philippine – Informal Reading Inventory (Phil-IRI) materials

in assessing the level of reading proficiency of the students. The level of reading

comprehension of the students was computed using the following formula below:

C= number of correct answers X100

number of questions

The Phil-IRI reading test uses predetermined set of criteria in identifying the

reading level of each student for each passage. These criteria include the percentage of

word recognition accuracy and the percentage of correct answers to comprehension

questions (adapted from John, Kress and Pikulski, 1987)

Comprehension score (%)

80%-100%-------------------------Independent
 59%-79%---------------------------Instructional

58% Below-------------------------Frustration

DATA GATHERING PROCEDURES

The researcher asking permission to the adviser of grade 7 students to

conduct a survey at Keytodac National High School about the reading
comprehension of grade 7 students of Keytodac National High School guided by
the research adviser.
Afterwards the researcher got the list of the names of the respondents
through random sampling.
The researcher used a book and questioner to identify the reading
comprehension of grade 7 students of Keytodac National High School.

STATISTICAL TREATMENT OF DATA

The data gathered were tabulated and analyzed.The following tools

were used in the study. For the questions, the gender, ethnicity, and parent
educational attainment determine and describe the level of reading
comprehension of grade 7 in Keytodac National High School.

References