SECTION 15850 Air Outlets and Inlets Rev 0
SECTION 15850 Air Outlets and Inlets Rev 0
SECTION 15850 Air Outlets and Inlets Rev 0
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SECTION 15850:
KINGDOM
OFSAUDIARABIA
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RoyalCommission
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SECTION 15850
AIR OUTLETS AND INLETS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PART 1 GENERAL............................................................................................................ 1
1.04 REFERENCES..................................................................................................... 2
1.06 SUBMITTALS....................................................................................................... 5
2.02 MATERIALS....................................................................................................... 10
2.03 FINISHES........................................................................................................... 10
2.04 MOUNTING........................................................................................................ 11
2.11 GOOSENECKS.................................................................................................. 24
3.03 INSTALLATION.................................................................................................. 26
PART 1 GENERAL
A. The Contractor shall provide all tools, labor, equipment and material to perform the
work in this Section, which consists of furnishing and installation of mechanical and
starting-up of air distribution system.
B. This Section includes ceiling mounted, wall-mounted and in-duct mounted supply-air
diffusers, return-air and exhaust-air registers, grilles and louvers.
B. Linear Diffusers
E. Door Grilles
F. Louvers
G. Louvered Penthouses
H. Roof Hoods
I. Goosenecks
J. Disc Valves
L. Section 15955 Testing, Adjusting and Balancing of Air and Hydronic System
1.04 REFERENCES
A. The referred codes and standards are intended to provide an acceptable level of
quality for materials, products and workmanship. In case of conflict between these
standards and the text of this Specification, the Specification text shall govern.
B. The latest revision of the referred codes and standards shall be used wherever
applicable. In case of conflict, the Contractor shall propose equipment, materials and
processes conforming to one group of codes and standards.
1.05 DEFINITIONS
B. axial flow jet: Stream of air whose motion is approximately symmetrical along a line,
although some spreading and drop or rise can occur from diffusion and buoyancy
effects.
E. core area: Total plane area of that portion of a grille, included within lines tangent to
the outer edges of the outer openings, through which air can pass.
F. damper: Device used to vary the volume of air passing through a confined cross-
section by varying the cross-sectional area.
I. draft: Undesired local cooling of a body caused by low temperature and movement
of air.
J. drop: Vertical distance that the lower edge of a horizontally projected airstream
drops between the outlet and the end of its throw.
K. effective area: Net area of an outlet or inlet device through which air can pass; equal
to the free area times the coefficient of discharge.
L. entrainment: Movement of room air into the jet caused by the airstream discharged
from the outlet (secondary air motion).
M. entrainment ratio: Total air divided by the air discharged from the outlet.
O. exhaust opening or inlet: Any opening through which air is removed from a space.
P. free area: Total minimum area of the openings in the air outlet or inlet through which
air can pass.
S. isothermal jet: Air jet with the same temperature as the surrounding air.
T. lower zone: Room volume below the stratification level created by displacement
ventilation.
U. non-isothermal jet: A jet with an initial temperature different from the surrounding
air.
V. outlet velocity: Average velocity of air emerging from the outlet, measured in the
plane of the opening.
X. radius of diffusion: Horizontal axial distance an airstream travels after leaving an air
outlet before the maximum stream velocity is reduced to a specified terminal level
(e.g., 50, 100, 150, or 200 fpm).
Y. register: Grille equipped with a damper to control the quantity of air passing through
it.
AA. stagnant zone: Area characterized by low air motion and stratification. This does not
imply poor air quality.
DD. supply air opening or outlet: Any opening through which supply air is delivered into
a ventilated space being heated, cooled, humidified, or dehumidified. Supply air
outlets are classified according to their location in a room as sidewall, ceiling,
baseboard, or floor outlets. However, because numerous designs exist, they are
more accurately described by their construction features. Refer to Chapter 17 of the
ASHRAE Handbook – Systems and Equipment.
EE. temperature differential: Temperature difference between primary and room air.
FF. terminal velocity: Maximum airstream velocity at the end of the throw.
GG. throw: Horizontal or vertical axial distance an airstream travels after leaving an air
outlet before the maximum stream velocity is reduced to a specified terminal velocity
(e.g., 50, 100, 150, or 200 fpm), defined by ASHRAE Standard 70.
II. upper zone: Room volume above the stratification level created by displacement
ventilation.
KK. vane ratio: Ratio of the depth of a vane to the space between two adjacent vanes.
1.06 SUBMITTALS
A. The Contractor shall submit to the Royal Commission, under the provisions of
SECTION 01330, the following items for review and approval before commencing
work:
a) For each type of air outlet and inlet, and accessory furnished, indicating
construction, finish, and mounting details.
2. Performance Data
a) Include throw and drop, static-pressure drop; and noise ratings for each
type of air outlet and inlet.
3. Test Certificates
4. Schedule
5. Assembly Drawing
a) For each type of air outlet and inlet, indicate materials and methods of
assembly of components.
b) Dimensional data.
c) Installation methods.
7. Record Drawings
9. Mock-Up
a) Provide mock-up of typical exterior ceiling module with supply and return
air outlets.
A. The Contractor shall be responsible for the quality of work and shall develop and
propose programs and methods of construction and testing such as to achieve the
specified quality to the approval of the Royal Commission in accordance with
SECTION 01450.
B. The Contractor shall maintain a qualified representative on-site during all operations,
in accordance with SECTION 01450.
D. Qualification of Manufacturers
E. Qualification of Installers
3. Contractor
B. In the absence of any of the above, best accepted industry practice shall be
employed throughout.
B. Air outlets and inlets shall be shown on drawings and indicated on schedules.
Manufacturer’s standard diffusers, registers and grilles shall be used.
C. Fresh air intakes shall be designed and located to minimize dust intrusion.
F. All air outlets shall be made with double deflection blade and with built-in OBD.
A. ADC Compliance
1. Test and rate air outlets and inlets in certified laboratories under requirements
of ADC 1062 “Certification, Rating and Test Manual.” Provide air outlets and
inlets bearing ADC Certified Rating Seal.
B. AMCA Compliance
1. Test and rate louvers in accordance with AMCA and provide products bearing
AMCA Certified Rating Seal.
C. NFPA Compliance
1. Install air outlets and inlets in accordance with NFPA 90A, Standard for the
Installation of Air Conditioning and Ventilating Systems.
A. The Contractor shall deliver, handle and store equipment and material units in
accordance with SECTIONS 01650 and 01660, as well as the following
requirements:
3. Store air outlets and inlets in original cartons and protect from weather and
construction work traffic. Where possible, store indoors; when necessary to
store outdoors, store above grade and enclose with waterproof wrapping.
4. All products shall be inspected at time of delivery for damage and for
compliance with specifications.
5. Any products that are damaged or found not to be in accordance with the
specifications shall be immediately repaired or replaced.
PART 2 PRODUCTS
2.01 GENERAL
A. All goods and products covered by these Specifications shall be procured, when
available, from an in-Kingdom manufacturer. Procurement of all goods and products
manufactured out-of-Kingdom must be approved by the Royal Commission.
B. Except as otherwise indicated, provide manufacturer’s standard air outlets and inlets
of type, size, shape, capacity, material of construction, components, accessories and
finishes as indicated in this Section and complying with air outlets and inlets schedule
on Contract Drawings, as required for complete installation at locations shown.
C. Air outlets and inlets shall have, as minimum, free area, temperatures and velocities
traverse, throw, drop and noise criteria ratings for each device size as listed in
manufacturer’s current data.
D. Concealed accessories of outlets and inlets, dampers and mounting members shall
be black painted.
2.02 MATERIALS
A. Extruded aluminum.
B. Steel.
D. Stainless steel.
E. Plastic.
F. As indicated in schedules.
2.03 FINISHES
A. Aluminum enamel.
B. Aluminum anodized.
H. Prime coated.
2.04 MOUNTING
A. Stepped Down
1. Diffuser housing shall be below ceiling with perimeter flange and gasket to seal
against ceiling construction.
B. Flush
1. Diffuser housing shall be above ceiling surface with flush perimeter flange and
gasket to seal against ceiling.
C. Lay-In
1. Diffuser housing shall fit between ceiling exposed suspension tee bars and
rest on top surface of tee bar.
D. Snap-In
1. Diffuser housing shall fit between ceiling concealed suspension runners and
snap into runners.
A. Ceiling air diffusers shall be used for air supply and/or air return as indicated on
Contract Drawings and air outlets and inlets schedules.
B. Provide manufacturer’s standard ceiling air diffusers of size, shape, capacity and
type indicated and as required for complete installation.
C. Ceiling Compatibility
1. Provide diffusers with border styles that are compatible with adjacent ceiling
systems, and that are specifically manufactured to fit into ceiling module with
accurate fit and adequate support. Refer to the Royal Commission’s Contract
Drawings and Specifications, for types of ceiling systems which will contain
each type of ceiling air diffuser.
D. Types
1. Provide ceiling diffusers of type, capacity, and with accessories and finishes as
listed on diffuser schedule. The following requirements shall apply to items
when indicated by manufacturer and model number on schedule:
a) Diffuser Faces
1) Square
(a) Square housing, core of square concentric louvers, square
or round duct connection. Provide plaster frame for units in
plaster ceilings. Provide equalizing or control grid and
volume control damper.
2) Linear
(a) Extruded aluminum or galvanized steel continuous slot,
single or multiple. Adjustable deflector vanes to adjust flow
direction without moving plenum. Provide full internal
insulation. Provide UL fire rating when installed in rated
ceilings.
3) Round Ceiling Diffuser
(a) Round housing, core of a series of flaring concentric or
expanding truncated conical rings, round duct connection
and adjustable deflection.
(b) Type
(i) Round, adjustable pattern, stamped or spun, multi-
core diffuser to discharge air in 360° pattern, with
sectorizing baffles where indicated. Diffuser collar
shall project not more than 25 mm (1 in.) above
ceiling. In plaster ceilings, provide plaster ring and
ceiling plaque.
(c) Fabrication
(i) Steel with baked enamel off-white finish.
(d) Accessories
(i) Radial opposed blade damper and multi-louvered
equalizing grid with damper adjustable from diffuser
face.
4) Rectangular Ceiling Diffuser
(a) Rectangular housing, core of rectangular concentric
louvers, square or round duct connection.
(b) Type
(i) Square, stamped, multi-core diffuser to discharge air
in 360° pattern with sectorizing baffles where
indicated.
(c) Frame
(i) Surface mounted type. In plaster ceilings, provide
plaster frame and ceiling frame.
(d) Fabrication
(i) Steel with baked enamel off-white finish.
(e) Accessories
(i) Radial opposed blade damper and multi-louvered
equalizing grid with damper adjustable from diffuser
face.
5) Perforated Diffuser
(a) Round, square or rectangular housing covered with
removable perforated panel in frame.
(b) Conceal air pattern devices above panel. Provide
b) Diffuser Mountings
1) Stepped-Down
(a) Diffuser housing below ceiling with perimeter flange and
gasket to seal against ceiling construction.
2) Lay-In
(a) Diffuser housing sized to fit between ceiling exposed
suspension tee bars and rest on top surface of tee bar.
c) Diffuser Patterns
1) Fixed
(a) Fixed position core with concentric rings or louvers for
radial airflow around entire perimeter of diffuser.
2) Manual two-position cores with concentric rings or louvers, upper
position for horizontal airflow, lower position for vertical airflow.
3) Manual adjustable core with concentric rings or louvers fully
adjustable for horizontal to vertical airflow.
4) Fixed louver face for 4, 3, 2 or 1 direction airflow as indicated on
Contract Drawings.
5) Supply and return, 2-section core, center position for return,
perimeter for supply.
6) Induction, with internal aspirator designed to mix air drawn into
center core with conditioned air.
7) Modular directional core, which can be rearranged for selected air
pattern.
d) Diffuser Dampers
1) Opposed Blade
(a) Adjustable opposed blade damper assembly, key operated
from face of diffuser.
2) Integral
(a) Combination volume control and pattern adjustment for
linear diffusers.
3) Fire Damper
(a) UL approved ceiling radiation damper with fusible link and
assembly designed to meet requirements of NFPA 90A.
e) Diffuser Finishes
1) White Enamel
(a) Semi-gloss white enamel prime finish.
2) Aluminum Anodized
(a) Aluminum etched and anodized, covered with clear lacquer
finish.
E. Diffuser Accessories
3. Smudge ring.
4. Plaster ring.
5. Extractor.
7. Operating keys.
8. Operating arm.
A. Linear diffusers shall be used for air supply and/or air return as indicated on Contract
Drawings and air outlets and inlets schedules.
1. Galvanized steel boot lined with 12.5 mm (½ in.) thick fiberglass conforming to
NFPA 90A and complying with UL 181 for erosion. Form slots or use
adjustable pattern controllers, to provide stable, horizontal airflow pattern over
a wide range of operating conditions.
4. Diffuser Faces
5. Diffuser Damper
6. Diffuser Accessories
a) Fixed deflectors.
b) Adjustable deflectors.
c) Air straightener.
d) Alignment strips.
a) End frame.
b) End caps.
c) End borders.
d) Open ends.
e) Open end from one side and end cap from other side.
f) Open end from one side and end border from other side.
h) Open end from one side and mitered corner with angle from other side
as shown on drawings.
A. Supply and return air grilles and register frames shall have overlap margin with
sponge rubber gasket, furnished with pierced screw holes and mounting screws.
B. Supply and return registers shall be furnished with opposed blade volume control
damper constructed of heavy gage galvanized steel and operated by key or arm from
face of the register. If indicated in the Contract Drawings, the damper shall be
furnished with spring closing and UL-listed fusible link for 71°C (160°F).
C. Provide manufacturer’s standard registers and grilles; of size, shape, capacity and
type indicated and as required for complete installation.
D. Surface Compatibility
1. Provide registers and grilles with border styles that are compatible with
adjacent surfaces. Refer to the Royal Commission’s Contract Drawings and
Specifications, for types of wall construction which will contain each type of
wall register and grille.
E. Types
1. Provide registers and grilles of type, capacity, and with accessories and
finishes as listed on register and grille schedule. The following requirements
shall apply to nomenclature indicated on schedule:
(40 fpm) for the center supply or 15 m/min. (50 fpm) for the air
curtain. Perforated pressure plates shall be provided over the
perimeter and center air distribution faces to equalize pressure
and airflow throughout the system.
2) All components of the system shall be fabricated of 0.91 mm
(20 gage) 18-8 stainless steel, No. 4 finish. All distribution
components and pressure plates shall be attached to the face
panels at both the perimeter and center. The face panels shall be
retained with quarter-turn fasteners. Plenums shall be supplied by
the manufacturer and shall be sized to permit them to be easily
wiped out by hand with germicidal solution for sterilization
purposes and all horizontal corners of the plenums shall have a
minimum radius of 19 mm (¾ in.). Connecting elbows shall be
radialized and be sized to permit manual sterilization of the
plenums.
3) The submittal shall include the names and locations of 10 or more
systems that are in operation utilizing the components that make
up the proposed system.
h) Registers
1) Double deflection type with horizontal face bars and opposed
blade damper with removable key operator.
(a) Margin
(i) Flat, 32 mm (1¼ in.) wide.
(b) Bar Spacing
(i) 19 mm (¾ in.) maximum.
(c) Finish
(i) Off white baked enamel for ceiling mounted units.
Wall units shall have a prime coat for field painting or
shall be extruded with manufacturer's standard finish.
i) Grilles
1) Same as registers but without the opposed blade damper.
1. Single deflection adjustable grille, consisting of frame and set of vertical airfoil
bars to deflect the air stream in horizontal plane.
3. Double deflection adjustable grille, consisting of frame and two sets of airfoil
bars one of the sets shall be horizontal and the other shall be vertical to control
the air stream in both horizontal and vertical directions. The back airfoil bars
set shall be installed behind and at right angles to the face bars set.
4. Single deflection adjustable register, shall consist of frame, set of vertical airfoil
bars to deflect the air stream in horizontal plane and opposed blade volume
control damper.
6. Double deflection adjustable register, shall consist of frame, two sets of airfoil
bars, one of the sets shall be horizontal and the other shall be vertical to
control the air stream in both horizontal and vertical directions and opposed
blade volume control damper. The back airfoil bars set shall be installed
behind and at right angles to the face bars set.
1. Type
2. Fabrication
3. Frame
4. Plenum
1. Type
2. Frame
3. Fabrication
4. Damper
1. Fixed bar grille shall consist of frame and set of fixed vertical airfoil bars,
straight or set at an angle depending on the type of the deflection specified on
Contract Drawings.
2. Fixed bar grille shall consist of frame and set of fixed horizontal airfoil bars,
straight or set at an angle depending on the type of the deflection specified on
Contract Drawings.
3. Egg crate style grille shall consist of frame and grid core with grid size of
12.5 x 12.5 x 12.5 mm (½ x ½ x ½ in.). The grille shall have total free area of
90%.
4. Filter return grille shall consist of frame and set of fixed vertical or horizontal
airfoil bars, straight or set at an angle depending on the type of the deflection
specified on Contract Drawings.
6. Fixed bar register shall consist of frame, set of fixed vertical airfoil bars,
straight or set at an angle depending on the type of the deflection specified on
Contract Drawings and opposed blade volume control damper.
7. Fixed bar register shall consist of frame, set of fixed horizontal airfoil bars,
straight or set at an angle depending on the type of the deflection specified on
Contract Drawings and opposed blade volume control damper.
8. Egg crate style register shall consist of frame, grid core with grid size of
12.5 x 12.5 x 12.5 mm (½ x ½ x ½ in.) and opposed blade volume control
damper. The register shall have total free area of 90%.
1. Type
2. Frame
3. Fabrication
4. Damper
1. Type
2. Frame
3. Fabrication
4. Damper
1. Provide return air screens made of square pattern mesh of galvanized wire,
interwoven and welded or secured to frame made of galvanized steel angle.
M. Transfer Grills
a) Transfer grille shall consist of frame and one set of sight proof fixed
horizontal V shaped louvers.
a) Transfer grille shall consist of frame and two sets of fixed horizontal V
shaped louvers for completely light proof grille.
3. Type
4. Frame
N. Decorative Grilles
2.08 LOUVERS
B. Provide manufacturer’s standard louvers of size, shape, capacity and type indicated
and as required for complete installation.
C. Finishes
1. Provide louvers with a baked enamel finish (in a custom color selected by the
Royal Commission).
D. Substrate Compatibility
1. Provide louvers with frame and sill styles that are compatible with adjacent
substrate, and specifically manufactured to fit into construction openings with
accurate fit and adequate support, for weatherproof installation. Refer to the
Royal Commission’s Contract Drawings and Specifications, for types of
substrate that will contain each type of louver.
E. Materials
1. Construct of formed metal blades of 1.52 mm (16 gage) galvanized steel. Weld
units or use stainless steel fasteners.
F. Louver Screens
G. Sills
1. Provide formed metal sills of the same material and finish as the louver.
H. Mullions
A. Type
1. All welded assembly with 100 mm (4 in.) deep louvers, mitered corners, sheet
aluminum roof, with factory prime coat and finish color as selected by the
Royal Commission.
B. Fabricate louver penthouses with mitered corners and reinforce with structural
angles.
A. Fabricate air inlet or exhaust hoods in accordance with SMACNA HVAC Duct
Construction Standards - Metal and Flexible.
B. Fabricate of galvanized steel, minimum 1.52 mm (16 gage) base and 0.91 mm
(20 gage) hood, or aluminum, minimum 1.52 mm (16 gage) base and 1.21 mm
(18 gage) hood; suitably reinforced; with removable hood; bird screen with 12.5 mm
(½ in.) square mesh for exhaust and 19 mm (¾ in.) for intake, and factory prime coat
finish.
C. Mount unit on minimum 300 mm (12 in.) high curb base with insulation between duct
and curb.
2.11 GOOSENECKS
B. Mount on minimum 300 mm (12 in.) high curb base where size exceeds
230 x 230 mm (9 x 9 in.).
A. Provide disc valves for exhaust air with valve disc fitted to valve seat by means of an
adjustable valve spindle, complete with separate mounting frame and connecting
socket including sealing ring. Front section shall be produced in stove-enameled
steel sheet and rear parts shall be made of galvanized sheet steel.
A. Perforated ceiling air panels shall be of steel construction and shall be provided with
duct connection and removable face, integral balancing damper adjustable from
panel face without visible device or rubber grommet on face.
1. The floor type air grilles are used in a special application where return air or
supply air is passing through the raised floor and it is subject to loading.
PART 3 EXECUTION
A. The Contractor shall examine site areas, actual locations, access and service spaces
around and over equipment to verify that conditions for installing the air distribution
system are satisfactory; and notify the Royal Commission in writing of condition
detrimental to proper completion of the work. Work shall not proceed until
unsatisfactory conditions have been corrected in a manner acceptable to the Royal
Commission.
B. Coordinate air distribution system work with work of other trades for proper time and
sequence to avoid delays.
C. Assemble unit sections and parts shipped loose or unassembled for shipment
purposes. Manufacturer’s assembly instructions shall be followed.
3.03 INSTALLATION
A. General
1. Air outlet and inlet devices shall be installed in accordance with referenced
standard, manufacturer’s instructions, and recognized industry practices to
insure that products serve intended functions. They shall be adjusted to
distribute the specified air quantity evenly without causing drafts or dead spots
in the served area or increase in sound levels more than the values indicated
in project design criteria and the manufacturer’s catalog.
B. Coordinate with other work, including ductwork and duct accessories, as necessary
to interface installation of air outlets and inlets with other work.
C. Air outlets and inlets connected to ductwork shall be installed with an airtight
connection and to allow service and maintenance of dampers, air extractors and fire
dampers.
F. Baffles shall be provided to direct air away from walls, columns, or other obstructions
within radius of diffuser operation.
I. Ductwork visible behind air outlets and inlets shall be painted matt black.
J. Exposed surfaces shall be cleaned after installation to remove burrs, dirt and
smudges. Damaged outlets and inlets shall be replaced at no cost to the Royal
Commission.
L. Air outlets and inlets shall be furnished with sponge rubber gaskets between flanges
and ceilings or walls.
M. Ceiling air outlets shall be installed with rim tight against ceiling.
N. Duct collars shall be airtight and shall not interfere with the volume controller.
O. Wall air outlets shall be located at least 150 mm below the ceiling.
Q. For door or wall installation of transfer grille; two grilles shall be installed, one for
each side with connecting collar.
R. Coordinate with other works including ductwork and duct accessories, as necessary
to interface installation of air outlets and inlets with other work.
S. Diffusers
T. Do not specify balancing dampers at the face of air outlets and inlets. Locate
balancing dampers sufficient distance into the ductwork to maintain acceptable
sound level within the conditioned space (NC 30 to 35 or less).
1. Registers and grilles installed in walls shall be set level and true.
2. Register and grilles installed in grid type acoustical ceilings shall center in
ceiling tile. Installation shall be in accordance with architectural reflected
ceiling plan.
V. Locate outside air intake louvers as far away as practical from all sources of
contamination; avoid locating intakes at loading docks, fume hood exhausts,
generator exhausts and plumbing vents.
X. Where below grade intakes are unavoidable install bird/debris screen on outside of
the louvers.
A. Upon the completion of installation of air distribution system, operate the system to
demonstrate compliance with the requirements.
B. Test air outlet and inlet devices and duct connections for air leakage while system is
operating. Repair or replace faulty components as required to obtain proper
operation and leak tight performance. Re-test to demonstrate compliance with the
requirements.
END OF SECTION