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Surface Miner
Surface Miner
Prepared by:
Gaurav kumar
IIT (ISM) DHANBAD
Introduction
✓Surface miner was first developed in 1970s owing
the design concept of road milling machines,
which cuts the old road surface for road
construction. Since then, surface miners have
gained in popularity with improved design of
cutting drum and higher machine power.
✓ Presently, more than 300 surface miners are
working over the world with competitive cost and
eco friendliness .
✓In india, gujrat ambuja cement ltd. Was the first to
introduce this technology in one of their limestone
mine in 1995 by deploying a SM-1900 machine.
✓ The reason behind this deployment was strategic. Due
to the depletion of near surface deposits, the surface
mines are becoming deeper and thus, the requirement
of operating surface area is becoming larger.
✓ India is a densely populated country and the available
land for mining is less as compared to country’s
mineral demand. Thus, the operating surface mines
are becoming closer to the inhabitancy and
conventional drilling and blasting technique is
prohibited due to threat of the inhabitant from fly
rock and ground vibration. This makes surface miner a
popular mining excavation technique and presently,
around 105 surface miners are working in indian
surface mines.
Construction….
The surface miner mainly consists of 5 units:
(1) : it consists of operators cabin,
supporting frame, boom counter weight, slewing ring
etc.
(2) : it consists of two stage conveyors,
one carries the materials from the cutting drum and
discharges on the boom conveyor. This conveyor in
turn conveys it on to the trucks.
(3) it consists of a diesel operated engine
whose power is transmitted to the cutting drum via
roboustic belt drives and it consists of hydraulic
system to operate other units.
Construction
(4) : based on the design it may be
single pair crawler or double pair crawler.
(5)
➢ The most important parameter is the cutting tool.
➢ The selection of right cutting tool is essential for
good cutting performance and high life, since, it
constitutes a major portion of operating cost of the
machine.
➢ The cutting depth can be regulated by automatic
leveling system mounted on the machine, the pre-
selected cutting depth is maintained either
automatically or manually.
Machine with double drum configuration
Classification of surface miner:
✓ Based on the cutting principle and position of the
drum, the surface miner is classified in three types.
➢
In this type of machines the cutting drum is
positioned below the machine in between the front
and rear crawlers, cutting picks are fitted on a drum
having the depth of cut 500-600 mm.
➢
in this type of machines cutter drum fitted with picks
is mounted on a boom, like road headers. Due to
longer boom the cutting force of the drum is limited.
Classification of surface miner:
➢
In this types of m/c several bucket wheels are arranged
in tandem & cutter picks are fitted on lip of each
bucket to form the cutting drum, which is positioned
in front of the machine.
The machine can exert huge force in cutting both hard
rocks and coal as the bucket wheel drum is close to the
m/c and the reaction of cutting force is directly
transferred to the ground through a hydraulic loaded
dozer blade behind the bucket wheels.
SELECTION OF SURFACE MINER…
➢Initially, the surface miners were being deployed
largely on trial and error basis or on the basis of in-
field experimental runs.
➢ At later stage the Manufacturers evaluated the
applicability of surface miners based on
compressive strength of rock. Recently, a
cuttability index has been developed to predict the
applicability and performance of surface miners
for different application condition. This enables
the user to select a suitable machine as per their
requirement.
SELECTION OF SURFACE MINER…
➢ Selection of proper surface miner is crucial for project
economics. For economical rock excavation, therefore,
using surface miners, there are two basic elements to be
considered – the machine and the rock mass.
➢ A machine is the product of human ingenuity
(creativity/innovation)and can be modified to suit a
specific requirement. However rock mass is a natural
component in the earth’s crust and is thus immutable
(unable to be changed/rigid/fixed/unyielding). It is
imperative (crucial), therefore, to understand the rock to
be excavated prior to selection of the machine and based
on that a suitable excavating machine should be adopted.
SELECTION OF SURFACE MINER