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Beginner HTML - Elements and Structure Cheatsheet - Codecademy

The document provides an introduction to basic HTML elements and structure. It defines HTML as used to give content and structure to web pages. It then explains key elements like <h1> for headings, <p> for paragraphs, <li> for list items, <video> for embedding videos, <em> for emphasis, <ol> for ordered lists, and <div> as a container. It closes by noting HTML is organized in a family tree structure with elements having parents, children, and other relatives.

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Sergio Tovar
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We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
49 views

Beginner HTML - Elements and Structure Cheatsheet - Codecademy

The document provides an introduction to basic HTML elements and structure. It defines HTML as used to give content and structure to web pages. It then explains key elements like <h1> for headings, <p> for paragraphs, <li> for list items, <video> for embedding videos, <em> for emphasis, <ol> for ordered lists, and <div> as a container. It closes by noting HTML is organized in a family tree structure with elements having parents, children, and other relatives.

Uploaded by

Sergio Tovar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Cheatsheets / Beginner HTML

Elements and Structure


HTML
HTML (HyperText Markup Language) is used to give content to a web page and instructs web browsers on how to structure
that content.

Element Content
The content of an HTML element is the information between the opening and closing tags of an element.
<h1>Codecademy is awesome! 🙂</h1>

<li> List Item Element


The <li> list item element create list items inside:
<ol>
Ordered lists <ol>

  <li>Head east on Prince St</li>


Unordered lists <ul>   <li>Turn left on Elizabeth</li>


</ol>

<ul>

  <li>Cookies</li>

  <li>Milk</li>

</ul>

<video> Video Element


The <video> element embeds a media player for video playback. The src attribute will contain the URL to the video.
Adding the controls attribute will display video controls in the media player. <video src="test-video.mp4" controls>

Note: The content inside the opening and closing tag is shown as a fallback in browsers that don’t support the element.   Video not supported

</video>

<em> Emphasis Element


The <em> emphasis element emphasizes text and browsers will usually italicize the emphasized text by default.
<p>This <em>word</em> will be emphasized in italics.</p>

<ol> Ordered List Element


The <ol> ordered list element creates a list of items in sequential order. Each list item appears numbered by default.
<ol>

  <li>Preheat oven to 325 F 👩‍🍳</li>


  <li>Drop cookie dough 🍪</li>


  <li>Bake for 15 min ⏰</li>


</ol>

<div> Div Element


The <div> element is used as a container that divides an HTML document into sections and is short for “division”. <div>
elements can contain flow content such as headings, paragraphs, links, images, etc. <div>

  <h1>A section of grouped elements</h1>


  <p>Here’s some text for the section</p>


</div>

<div>

  <h1>Second section of grouped elements</h1>


  <p>Here’s some text</p>


</div>

HTML Structure
HTML is organized into a family tree structure. HTML elements can have parents, grandparents, siblings, children,
grandchildren, etc. <body>

  <div>

    <h1>It's div's child and body's grandchild</h1>


    <h2>It's h1's sibling</h2>


  </div>

</body>

Closing Tag
An HTML closing tag is used to denote the end of an HTML element. The syntax for a closing tag is a left angle bracket <
followed by a forward slash / then the element name and a right angle bracket to close > . <body>

  ...

</body>

Attribute Name and Values


HTML attributes consist of a name and a value using the following syntax: name="value" and can be added to the opening
tag of an HTML element to configure or change the behavior of the element. <elementName name="value"></elementName>

<br> Line Break Element


The <br> line break element will create a line break in text and is especially useful where a division of text is required, like
in a postal address. The line break element requires only an opening tag and must not have a closing tag. A line break haiku.<br>

Poems are a great use case.<br>


Oh joy! A line break.


<img> Image Element


HTML image <img> elements embed images in documents. The src attribute contains the image URL and is mandatory.
<img> is an empty element meaning it should not have a closing tag. <img src="image.png">

<h1>-<h6> Heading Elements


HTML can use six different levels of heading elements. The heading elements are ordered from the highest level <h1> to
the lowest level <h6> . <h1>Breaking News</h1>

<h2>This is the 1st subheading</h2>


<h3>This is the 2nd subheading</h3>


...

<h6>This is the 5th subheading</h6>


<p> Paragraph Element


The <p> paragraph element contains and displays a block of text.
<p>This is a block of text! Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit.
</p>

Unique ID Attributes
In HTML, specific and unique id attributes can be assigned to different elements in order to differentiate between them.
When needed, the id value can be called upon by CSS and JavaScript to manipulate, format, and perform specific <h1 id="A1">Hello World</h1>
instructions on that element and that element only. Valid id attributes should begin with a letter and should only contain

letters ( a-Z ), digits ( 0-9 ), hyphens ( - ), underscores ( _ ), and periods ( . ).

HTML Attributes
HTML attributes are values added to the opening tag of an element to configure the element or change the element’s
default behavior. In the provided example, we are giving the <p> (paragraph) element a unique identifier using the id <p id="my-paragraph" style="color: green;">Here’s some text for a paragraph that is
attribute and changing the color of the default text using the style attribute. being altered by HTML attributes</p>

<ul> Unordered List Element


The <ul> unordered list element is used to create a list of items in no particular order. Each individual list item will have a
bullet point by default. <ul>

  <li>Play more music 🎸</li>


  <li>Read more books 📚</li>

</ul>

alt Attribute
An <img> element can have alternative text via the alt attribute. The alternative text will be displayed if an image fails to
render due to an incorrect URL, if the image format is not supported by the browser, if the image is blocked from being <img src="path/to/image" alt="text describing image" />
displayed, or if the image has not been received from the URL.

The text will be read aloud if screen reading software is used and helps support visually impaired users by providing a text
descriptor for the image content on a webpage.

<body> Body Element


The <body> element represents the content of an HTML document. Content inside <body> tags are rendered on the web
browsers. <body>

Note: There can be only one <body> element in a document.   <h1>Learn to code with Codecademy :)</h1>

</body>

<span> Span Element


The <span> element is an inline container for text and can be used to group text for styling purposes. However, as <span>
is a generic container to separate pieces of text from a larger body of text, its use should be avoided if a more semantic <p><span>This text</span> may be styled differently than the surrounding text.</p>
element is available.

<strong> Strong Element


The <strong> element highlights important, serious, or urgent text and browsers will normally render this highlighted text
in bold by default. <p>This is <strong>important</strong> text!</p>

HTML Element
An HTML element is a piece of content in an HTML document and uses the following syntax: opening tag + content + closing
tag. In the code provided: <p>Hello World!</p>

<p> is the opening tag.

Hello World! is the content.

</p> is the closing tag.

HTML Tag
The syntax for a single HTML tag is an opening angle bracket < followed by the element name and a closing angle bracket
> . Here is an example of an opening <div> tag. <div>

<a> Anchor Element


The <a> anchor element is used to create hyperlinks in an HTML document. The hyperlinks can point to other webpages,
files on the same server, a location on the same page, or any other URL via the hyperlink reference attribute, href . The <!-- Creating text links -->

href determines the location the anchor element points to. <a href="http://www.codecademy.com">Visit this site</a>

<!-- Creating image links -->


<a href="http://www.codecademy.com">

    <img src="logo.jpg">Click this image


</a>

<head> Head Element


The <head> element contains general information about an HTML page that isn’t displayed on the page itself. This
information is called metadata and includes things like the title of the HTML document and links to stylesheets. <!DOCTYPE html>

<html>

  <head>

    <!-- Metadata is contained in this element-->


  </head>

</html>

<target> Target Attribute


The target attribute on an <a> anchor element specifies where a hyperlink should be opened. A target value of
"_blank" will tell the browser to open the hyperlink in a new tab in modern browsers, or in a new window in older browsers <a href="https://www.google.com" target="_blank">This anchor element links to google
or if the browser has had settings changed to open hyperlinks in a new window. and will open in a new tab or window.</a>

Indentation
HTML code should be formatted such that the indentation level of text increases once for each level of nesting.

It is a common convention to use two or four space per level of nesting. <div>

  <h1>Heading</h1>

  <ul>

    <li>Item 1</li>

    <li>Item 2</li>

  </ul>

</div>

Link to a Different Part of the Page #


The anchor element <a> can create hyperlinks to different parts of the same HTML document using the href attribute to
point to the desired location with # followed by the id of the element to link to. <div>

  <p id="id-of-element-to-link-to">A different part of the page!</p>


</div>

<a href="#id-of-element-to-link-to">Take me to a different part of the page</a>


<html> HTML Element


The <html> element, the root of an HTML document, should be added after the !DOCTYPE declaration. All
content/structure for an HTML document should be contained between the opening and closing <html> tags. <!DOCTYPE html>

<html>

  <!-- I'm a comment -->


</html>

Comments
In HTML, comments can be added between an opening <!-- and closing --> . Content inside of comments will not be
rendered by browsers, and are usually used to describe a part of code or provide other details. <!-- Main site content -->

Comments can span single or multiple lines. <div>Content</div>


<!--

  Comments can be

  multiple lines long.


-->

Whitespace
Whitespace, such as line breaks, added to an HTML document between block-level elements will generally be ignored by
the browser and are not added to increase spacing on the rendered HTML page. Rather, whitespace is added for <p>Test paragraph</p>
organization and easier reading of the HTML document itself.

<!-- The whitespace created by this line, and above/below this line is ignored by the
browser-->

<p>Another test paragraph, this will sit right under the first paragraph, no extra
space between.</p>

<title> Title Element


The <title> element contains a text that defines the title of an HTML document. The title is displayed in the browser’s title
bar or tab in which the HTML page is displayed. The <title> element can only be contained inside a document’s <head> <!DOCTYPE html>

element. <html>

  <head>

    <title>Title of the HTML page</title>


  </head>

</html>

File Path
URL paths in HTML can be absolute paths, like a full URL, for example: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn or a
relative file path that links to a local file in the same folder or on the same server, for example: ./style.css . Relative file <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web">The URL for this anchor element
paths begin with ./ followed by a path to the local file. ./ tells the browser to look for the file path from the current is an absolute file path.</a>
folder.

<a href="./about.html">The URL for this anchor element is a relative file path.</a>

Document Type Declaration


The document type declaration <!DOCTYPE html> is required as the first line of an HTML document. The doctype
declaration is an instruction to the browser about what type of document to expect and which version of HTML is being <!DOCTYPE html>
used, in this case it’s HTML5.

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