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Learn HTML - Elements and Structure Cheatsheet - Codecademy

HTML is used to structure and present content on the web. It uses tags like <p> for paragraphs, <h1> - <h6> for headings, <div> for sections, <ul> and <ol> for unordered and ordered lists, and <img> for images. Elements have opening and closing tags that can contain attributes to provide more information. The content between tags gets rendered on the page. The <body> element contains all visible page content.

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Victor Vardanyan
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
86 views

Learn HTML - Elements and Structure Cheatsheet - Codecademy

HTML is used to structure and present content on the web. It uses tags like <p> for paragraphs, <h1> - <h6> for headings, <div> for sections, <ul> and <ol> for unordered and ordered lists, and <img> for images. Elements have opening and closing tags that can contain attributes to provide more information. The content between tags gets rendered on the page. The <body> element contains all visible page content.

Uploaded by

Victor Vardanyan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Cheatsheets / Learn HTML

Elements and Structure


HTML
HTML (HyperText Markup Language) is used to give
content to a web page and instructs web browsers on
how to structure that content.

HTML Element
An HTML element is a piece of content in an HTML
document and uses the following syntax: opening tag + <p>Hello World!</p>

content + closing tag. In the code provided:

● <p> is the opening tag.

● Hello World! is the content.

● </p> is the closing tag.

HTML Tag
The syntax for a single HTML tag is an opening angle
bracket < followed by the element name and a closing <div>
angle bracket > . Here is an example of an opening
<div> tag.

Element Content
The content of an HTML element is the information
between the opening and closing tags of an element. <h1>Codecademy is awesome! 🙂</h1>

Closing Tag
An HTML closing tag is used to denote the end of an
HTML element. The syntax for a closing tag is a left angle <body>

bracket < followed by a forward slash / then the   ...


element name and a right angle bracket to close > . </body>

<body> Body Element


The <body> element represents the content of an HTML
document. Content inside <body> tags are rendered on <body>

the web browsers.   <h1>Learn to code with Codecademy :)


Note: There can be only one <body> element in a </h1>
document. </body>

HTML Structure
HTML is organized into a family tree structure. HTML
elements can have parents, grandparents, siblings, <body>

children, grandchildren, etc.   <div>

    <h1>It's div's child and body's


grandchild</h1>
    <h2>It's h1's sibling</h2>
  </div>

</body>

<h1>-<h6> Heading Elements


HTML can use six different levels of heading elements.
The heading elements are ordered from the highest level <h1>Breaking News</h1>

<h1> to the lowest level <h6> . <h2>This is the 1st subheading</h2>

<h3>This is the 2nd subheading</h3>

...

<h6>This is the 5th subheading</h6>

<div> Div Element


The <div> element is used as a container that divides an
HTML document into sections and is short for “division”. <div>
<div> elements can contain flow content such as   <h1>A section of grouped
headings, paragraphs, links, images, etc. elements</h1>

  <p>Here’s some text for the


section</p>

</div>

<div>
  <h1>Second section of grouped
elements</h1>

  <p>Here’s some text</p>

</div>

HTML Attributes
HTML attributes are values added to the opening tag of an
element to configure the element or change the <p id="my-paragraph" style="color:
element’s default behavior. In the provided example, we green;">Here’s some text for
are giving the <p> (paragraph) element a unique a paragraph that is being altered by
identifier using the id attribute and changing the color HTML attributes</p>

of the default text using the style attribute.

Attribute Name and Values


HTML attributes consist of a name and a value using the
following syntax: name="value" and can be added to the <elementName name="value">
opening tag of an HTML element to configure or change </elementName>

the behavior of the element.

Unique ID Attributes
In HTML, specific and unique id attributes can be
assigned to different elements in order to differentiate <h1 id="A1">Hello World</h1>

between them.
When needed, the id value can be called upon by CSS
and JavaScript to manipulate, format, and perform
specific instructions on that element and that element
only. Valid id attributes should begin with a letter and
should only contain letters ( a-Z ), digits ( 0-9 ), hyphens
( - ), underscores ( _ ), and periods ( . ).

<p> Paragraph Element


The <p> paragraph element contains and displays a
block of text. <p>This is a block of text! Lorem ipsum
dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing
elit.</p>

<span> Span Element


The <span> element is an inline container for text and
can be used to group text for styling purposes. However, <p><span>This text</span> may be styled
as <span> is a generic container to separate pieces of differently than the surrounding text.
text from a larger body of text, its use should be avoided if </p>

a more semantic element is available.

<em> Emphasis Element


The <em> emphasis element emphasizes text and
browsers will usually italicize the emphasized text by <p>This <em>word</em> will be
default. emphasized in italics.</p>

<strong> Strong Element


The <strong> element highlights important, serious, or
urgent text and browsers will normally render this <p>This is <strong>important</strong>
highlighted text in bold by default. text!</p>

<br> Line Break Element


The <br> line break element will create a line break in
text and is especially useful where a division of text is A line break haiku.<br>

required, like in a postal address. The line break element Poems are a great use case.<br>

requires only an opening tag and must not have a closing Oh joy! A line break.

tag.

<ul> Unordered List Element


The <ul> unordered list element is used to create a list
of items in no particular order. Each individual list item <ul>

will have a bullet point by default.   <li>Play more music 🎸</li>

  <li>Read more books 📚</li>

</ul>

<li> List Item Element


The <li> list item element create list items inside:
<ol>

● Ordered lists <ol>   <li>Head east on Prince St</li>

● Unordered lists <ul>   <li>Turn left on Elizabeth</li>

</ol>

<ul>

  <li>Cookies</li>

  <li>Milk</li>

</ul>

<ol> Ordered List Element


The <ol> ordered list element creates a list of items in
sequential order. Each list item appears numbered by <ol>

default.   <li>Preheat oven to 325 F 👩‍🍳</li>

  <li>Drop cookie dough 🍪</li>

  <li>Bake for 15 min ⏰</li>

</ol>
<img> Image Element
HTML image <img> elements embed images in
documents. The src attribute contains the image URL <img src="image.png">

and is mandatory. <img> is an empty element meaning it


should not have a closing tag.

alt Attribute
An <img> element can have alternative text via the alt
attribute. The alternative text will be displayed if an image <img src="path/to/image" alt="text
fails to render due to an incorrect URL, if the image describing image" />
format is not supported by the browser, if the image is
blocked from being displayed, or if the image has not
been received from the URL.
The text will be read aloud if screen reading software is
used and helps support visually impaired users by
providing a text descriptor for the image content on a
webpage.

<video> Video Element


The <video> element embeds a media player for video
playback. The src attribute will contain the URL to the <video src="test-video.mp4" controls>

video. Adding the controls attribute will display video   Video not supported

controls in the media player. </video>

Note: The content inside the opening and closing tag is


shown as a fallback in browsers that don’t support the
element.

<a> Anchor Element


The <a> anchor element is used to create hyperlinks in
an HTML document. The hyperlinks can point to other <!-- Creating text links -->

webpages, files on the same server, a location on the <a


same page, or any other URL via the hyperlink reference href="http://www.codecademy.com">Visit
attribute, href . The href determines the location the this site</a>

anchor element points to.


<!-- Creating image links -->

<a href="http://www.codecademy.com">

    <img src="logo.jpg">Click this


image
</a>

<head> Head Element


The <head> element contains general information about
an HTML page that isn’t displayed on the page itself. This <!DOCTYPE html>

information is called metadata and includes things like the <html>

title of the HTML document and links to stylesheets.   <head>

    <!-- Metadata is contained in this


element-->
  </head>

</html>

<target> Target Attribute


The target attribute on an <a> anchor element
specifies where a hyperlink should be opened. A target <a href="https://www.google.com"
value of "_blank" will tell the browser to open the target="_blank">This anchor element
hyperlink in a new tab in modern browsers, or in a new links to google and will open in a new
window in older browsers or if the browser has had tab or window.</a>

settings changed to open hyperlinks in a new window.

Indentation
HTML code should be formatted such that the
indentation level of text increases once for each level of <div>
nesting.   <h1>Heading</h1>

It is a common convention to use two or four space

per level of nesting.   <ul>

    <li>Item 1</li>

    <li>Item 2</li>

  </ul>

</div>

Link to a Different Part of the Page #


The anchor element <a> can create hyperlinks to
different parts of the same HTML document using the <div>
href attribute to point to the desired location with #   <p id="id-of-element-to-link-to">A
followed by the id of the element to link to. different part of the page!</p>

</div>

<a href="#id-of-element-to-link-
to">Take me to a different part of the
page</a>

<html> HTML Element


The <html> element, the root of an HTML document,
should be added after the !DOCTYPE declaration. All <!DOCTYPE html>

content/structure for an HTML document should be <html>

contained between the opening and closing <html> tags.   <!-- I'm a comment -->

</html>

Comments
In HTML, comments can be added between an opening
<!-- and closing --> . Content inside of comments will <!-- Main site content -->

not be rendered by browsers, and are usually used to <div>Content</div>

describe a part of code or provide other details.

Comments can span single or multiple lines. <!--

  Comments can be

  multiple lines long.

-->

Whitespace
Whitespace, such as line breaks, added to an HTML
document between block-level elements will generally be <p>Test paragraph</p>

ignored by the browser and are not added to increase

spacing on the rendered HTML page. Rather, whitespace <!-- The whitespace created by this
is added for organization and easier reading of the HTML line, and above/below this line is
document itself.
ignored by the browser-->

<p>Another test paragraph, this will


sit right under the first paragraph, no
extra space between.</p>

Document Type Declaration


The document type declaration <!DOCTYPE html> is
required as the first line of an HTML document. The <!DOCTYPE html>

doctype declaration is an instruction to the browser


about what type of document to expect and which
version of HTML is being used, in this case it’s HTML5.
<title> Title Element
The <title> element contains a text that defines the
title of an HTML document. The title is displayed in the <!DOCTYPE html>

browser’s title bar or tab in which the HTML page is <html>

displayed. The <title> element can only be contained   <head>

inside a document’s <head> element.     <title>Title of the HTML


page</title>

  </head>

</html>

File Path
URL paths in HTML can be absolute paths, like a full URL,
for example: https://developer.mozilla.org/en- <a
US/docs/Learn or a relative file path that links to a local href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-
file in the same folder or on the same server, for example: US/docs/Web">The URL for this anchor
./style.css . Relative file paths begin with ./ followed element is an absolute file path.</a>

by a path to the local file. ./ tells the browser to look


for the file path from the current folder.


<a href="./about.html">The URL for this
anchor element is a relative file path.
</a>

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