Paliparan II Integrated High School

Holistic View of the Waste Management Strategies of Grade 10 students in

Paliparan II Integrated High School

A Research

Submitted to:

Mrs. Christine Tubog

In Partial Fulfillment

Of the Requirements for the

Practical Research 1

By:

Anib, Cindy N.

De Jesus, Jashia Mae D.

Mallo, Glaiza Mariez Angela

Toledo, Lenie May S.

S.Y: 2019-2020
Paliparan II Integrated High School

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Cover Page

Table of Contents

I. Introduction

Background of the Study

Statement of the Problem

Significance of the Study

Theoretical Framework

Conceptual Framework

II. Methodology

Study Design

Sampling Technique

Data Collection, Technique and Procedure

Research Participants

Data Analysis

Reliability and Validity

REFERENCES
Paliparan II Integrated High School

INTRODUCTION

As time time goes by, our problem involving lots of unsegregated waste

and trash gets worse resulting to more uncontrolled amount of waste are dump

sites get. The side effect of this is of course, us, humans, we consume and use

lots of things, foods, yet we do not know how to dispose or manage them

properly. The school Paliparan 2 Integrated High School, located in Dasmariñas

City had an incident once, The students in the said school loss control of its

waste and many garbage were found unsegregated, some were even scattered

on the ground, and on the school gym as well because the students did not know

how to segregate and manage their own waste, and what is the right bin for them

to throw it. It got out of hand, and it led to the point where the principal had to do

some action, took the bins in the school and close them, leaving the students

with the policy, “Kalat mo, Iuwi mo”. That led to the researchers to conduct the

study, to view the waste management strategies of Grade 10 students, to find out

if the students now know how to manage their own waste and their strategies on

how they do it, thus, this will also lead the researchers to find out its impact to the

school.

According to The Balance (2018) waste management is defined as the

discipline associated with control of generation, storage, collection, transport or

transfer, processing and disposal of solid waste materials in a way that best

addresses the range of public health, conservation, economic, aesthetic,

engineering and other environmental considerations. Its objective is to reduce

and try to eliminate the waste materials on human health and finding out how the

student manages their own waste will help the school develop a quality.

Moreover, knowing the strategies used in doing waste management will inspire

and will be introduced to the other students especially junior high schools.

Furthermore, this will not only impact the school but the students and its

environment as well. As the problem of waste accumulation reaches threatening

proportions, a worldwide effort is on to control waste and to manage it. Many

countries and individual towns are making an effort in their own way to manage

waste. According to UNEP (2004) solid waste generation has become an increa-

sing environmental and public health problem everywhere. It has become a

major problem in it affects thousands of people’s health since then, and if this

gets out of hand, it will be too late to stop this major problem about waste. Lots of

research that has been conducted about waste management strategies are all

from different countries and having different participants especially from college

students or local health organizations. Previous studies have show waste

management strategies or waste management disposal in different countries

including the research entitled “Effectiveness of Waste Management Strategies

on Environmental Health, The Health of Meru Municipality” (2016) from the

country of Kenya and having their participants as local health organizations.

Many studies defined solid waste means unwanted materials or

substances that are left or discarded after use, also included are by-products of

process lines or materials that may be required by law to be disposed of

(Okecha, 2000). Solid waste management is explained as that discipline

associated with the control of generation, storage, collection, transfer and

transport, processing and disposal of solid wastes in a manner that is in accord

with the best principles of public health, economics, engineering, conservation,

aesthetics and other environmental considerations and that is also responsive to

public attitude (Tchobanoglous et al., 1993).

Moreover, it was also stated that solid waste can be classified in a number

of ways, on the basis of source, environmental risks, utility and physical property.

On the basis of source which is commonly used, solid wastes are classified as:

municipal solid wastes, industrial solid wastes, agricultural solid wastes, mining

and mineral wastes, construction and demolition wastes, healthcare wastes,

radioactive (Nuclear) wastes, human and animal wastes (Omofonmwan &

Eseigbe, 2009). The generation of solid waste from household, industries,

markets, abattoir and shops result in improving the standard of living of the

inhabitants.

On the other hand, studies in Malaysia revealed that 89% of participants

considered recycling as an acceptable method for disposing of their waste and

57% agreed with the idea of waste collection being charged per bin or per bag to
Paliparan II Integrated High School

encourage recycling. Only 34% recycled some waste weekly and 9% recycled

four times a year or less. The study further discovered that for those who had

children aged 5-14 years old, most information about solid waste management

received at school influenced their household. This indicates that school

campaigns and focused on recycling can increase awareness and attitudes

toward solid waste management among children and their parents. In the related

studies above, waste management strategies of junior high school students may

not been studied here in the Philippines, that led to the researchers to conduct

this study.

Paliparan II Integrated High School, a public high school located at

Dasmariñas, Cavite, Philippines, headed by Mrs. Ivy Joy Pelayo. The school had

an incident once where former Principal, Ms. Rowena Hermoso took action to the

problem of waste segregation. many trash were unsegregated even sanitary

pads and recycled bottles were together in the same trash bin. Trash bins were

closed for almost a year to teach children the importance of waste management

and segregation. This led the researchers to conduct this study, to find out the

strategies done by the students in terms of managing waste.

Statement of the Problem

Generally, this study aims to see the waste management strategies of

grade 10 student in Paliparan II Integrated High School, a public school located

in Dasmariñas City, Cavite, Philippines.

Specifically, this opted to answer the following questions:

1. How do grade 10 students manage their own waste?

2. Why does grade 10 students think managing waste is an important

thing?

3. What is the impact of having waste management strategies on the

school?

Significance of the Study

The purpose of this research is to look at the waste management

strategies practice the Grade 10 students at Paliparan II Integrated High School

and its impact on the students, school and the environment. It may also serve as

a contribution to the existing prior research. Through this, it may also be revealed

if the school has a strong implementation of waste segregation and management

policy. This paper may be added to the list of research papers that discusses
Paliparan II Integrated High School

waste management strategies. It may be a basis of the future action of the

Paliparan II Integrated High School regarding to the waste management

strategies. Moreover, this research is conducted to look, analyze and oversee

the waste management strategies done by the students and if it influence other

grade levels and practicing waste management as well.

In addition, this study will be beneficial to the following:

Grade 10 students – this study will help them identify the waste

management strategies that they practiced and will give them knowledge about

its importance and impact on the school.

Other grade levels – this study tackles about the waste management

strategy is done by grade 10 students it will help and influence the other grade

levels to do the same or maybe do even more.

Utilities of the school – this study will be very beneficial to the utilities of

the school, as they will not manage or segregate the waste anymore because

grade 10 students have done it already, in other words, it will give them much

lesser work to do.

Theoretical Framework

Theory of Planned Behavior (Ajzen, 1985)

This theory called Theory of Planned Behavior was proposed by Icek Ajzen in

1985. The theory was intended to explain all behaviors over which people have

the ability to exert self-control. The key component to this model is behavioral

intent; behavioral intentions are influenced by the attitude about the likelihood

that the behavior will have the expected outcome and the subjective evaluation of

the risks and benefits of that outcome. The Theory of Planned Behavior has been

used successfully to predict and explain a wide range of health behaviors and

intentions including smoking, drinking, health services utilization, breastfeeding,

and substance use, among others. The TPB states that behavioral achievement

depends on both motivation (intention) and ability (behavioral control). It

distinguishes between three types of beliefs - behavioral, normative, and control.

The Theory of Planned Behavior is comprised of six constructs that collectively

represent a person's actual control over the behavior. The six constructs include

attitude s, behavioral intention, subjective norms, social norms, perceived power,

perceived behavioral control. First, attitude refers to to the degree to which a

person has a favorable or unfavorable evaluation of the behavior of interest. It

entails a consideration of the outcomes of performing the behavior. Second,

behavioral intention refers to the motivational factors that influence a given

behavior where the stronger the intention to perform the behavior, the more likely

the behavior will be performed. Third, subjective norms refers to the belief about

whether most people approve or disapprove of the behavior. It relates to a

person's beliefs about whether peers and people of importance to the person

think he or she should engage in the behavior. Fourth, social norms refers to

customary codes of behavior in a group or people or larger cultural context.

Social norms are considered normative, or standard, in a group of people. Fifth,

perceived power refers to the perceived presence of factors that may facilitate or

impede performance of a behavior. Perceived power contributes to a person's

perceived behavioral control over each of those factors. And lastly, perceived

behavioral control refers to a person's perception of the ease or difficulty of

performing the behavior of interest. Perceived behavioral control varies across

situations and actions, which results in a person having varying perceptions of

behavioral control depending on the situation. This construct of the theory was

added later, and created the shift from the Theory of Reasoned Action to the

Theory of Planned Behavior.

Conceptual Framework

Participants
(Grade 10 students)

Theory of Planned Behavior

Waste Management
Strategies

Benefits of Waste
Management Strategies to
the students, school &
environment.
Paliparan II Integrated High School

FIGURE 1: Process of Finding the Waste Management Strategies

The Conceptual Framework shown above represents the major concepts

that are going to be discussed in this research and is the general outline of the

study. A conceptual framework is defined as a network or a “plane” of linked

concepts (Jabareen, 2009). Conceptual framework analysis offers a procedure of

theorization for building conceptual frameworks based on grounded theory

method. The advantages of conceptual framework analysis are its flexibility, its

capacity for modification, and its emphasis on understanding instead of

prediction (Jabareen, 2019). In the conceptual framework above, the participants

provide information for the waste management strategies then, the information

and data gathered from them are analyzed using the Theory of Planned

Behavior. After analyzing the gathered information, the waste management

strategies of grade 10 are revealed and this will benefit the students including the

school and the environment. Thus, this will also show how the school practices

towards waste management, the school itself, will show that they are not a

contributor in terms of global warming

The theoretical framework of the study, which is the Theory of Planned be

Behavioral will serve as a guide of the researchers in conducting this study. Next,
Paliparan II Integrated High School

the information gathered will undergo qualitative data analysis to know each

waste segregation management strategies and how is it done by the grade 10

students. After this, the result of this study will help other grade levels with grade

10 students to fight the problem of waste management in Paliparan II Integrated

High.

METHODOLOGY

The section presents the ways on how the study was conducted and

materialized.

Research Design

The researchers will be using Basic Qualitative Research as their study

design. BQR is a design that is philosophically derived from constructionism,

phenomenology and symbolic interactions (Navarette et al., 2019). This means

the researchers did not choose in any of the approaches by Creswell (2007).

Basic Qualitative Research (BQR) has certain characteristics that will help the

researchers to identify the participants' waste management strategies: (1) its

design sign is generally based on a social constructivism perspective.

(2) ,research problems become research questions based on prior research

experience, (3) sample sizes can be as small as one. (4) Data collection involves

interview, observation, and/or archival (content) data and last, (5) interpretation is
Paliparan II Integrated High School

based on a combination of researcher perspective and data collected. Therefore,

this design will help the researchers accomplish their objective and that is, to find

out the strategies of grade 10 students in terms of waste management.

Sampling Technique

This study will use purposive sampling. Purposive sampling, also known

as judgmental, selective, or subjective sampling, is a form of non-probability

sampling in which researchers rely on their own judgment when choosing

members of the population to participate in their study. This sampling method

requires researchers to have prior knowledge about the purpose of their studies

so that they can properly choose and approach eligible participants. The

researchers decided to use purposive sampling because knowing the waste

management strategies of grade 10 students requires them to have certain

knowledge about waste management and its importance, thus, it also requires

them to know and practice waste segregation. Nonprobability sampling does not

involve known nonzero probabilities of selection. Rather, subjective methods are

used to decide which elements should be included in the sample (Lavrakas,

2008).
Paliparan II Integrated High School

Data Collection, Technique and Procedure

Interview and observation will be used to gather needed data from the

participants. A face-to-face interview will be done by the researchers to gather

needed data. Three of the researchers will be tasked to interview the

participants. The first researcher will do a casual talk to the interviewee to gather

needed information and will record their conversation using a mobile phone.

Second researcher, just like the first one, will also do a a face-to-face interview

and a casual talk with the interviewee and will be discussing the questions, data

will be recorded in a mobile phone as well. Since the researchers’ resources are

limited, the third researcher will have the information written on a notebook. Also,

observation will be conducted to the participants to see how they behave. All

three researchers that will be sent to observe will try to capture behavior of the

participants using a mobile phone and notebook.

Research Participants

This study will need a total participants of 3. The researchers decided to

have only 3 participants so that they can observe and interview them properly,

the researchers believe that having a few participants will be easier to observe

and interview. Also, choosing the participants, the criteria was set to the

following: (1) The participant must be a student from Paliparan II Integrated High

School, (2) The participant must be a Grade 10 student and, (3) must be aware
Paliparan II Integrated High School

of the waste segregation policy of the school, (4) lastly, the participants must be

a president of the classroom.

Data Analysis

After gathering the needed information and data, analysis is required for

the researchers to understand and decode obtained results. Data analysis is

perhaps the most important component of research. Weak analysis produces

inaccurate results that not only hamper the authenticity of the research but also

make the findings unusable. The researchers will use Grounded Theory as a way

to analyze obtained data and information. This refers to using qualitative data to

explain why a certain phenomenon happened. It does this by studying a variety

of similar cases in different settings and using the data to derive causal

explanations. Researchers may alter the explanations or create new ones as

they study more cases until they arrive at an explanation that fits all cases

(Glaser, 1992). The strategy of grounded theory is to take the interpretation of

meaning in social interaction on board and study "the interrelationship between

meaning in the perception of the subjects and their action" (Glaser, 1992).

Reliability and Validity

The researchers will seek help from an expert or a teacher of the subject

to validate questionnaires that is needed and will be relevant to the study.

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Bandura, N. & Hettiaratchi, J. P. A. (2010). Environmental Impacts with

Waste Disposal Practices in a Suburban Municipality, Sri Lanka

Creswell, J.W (2007) Qualitative Inquiring and Research Design:

Choosing Among Approaches retrieved from https://us.sagepub.com/en-

us/nam/research-design/book255675
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Jabareen, Y. (2009) Building a Conceptual Framework: Philosophy,

Definition and Procedure. Sage Publications retrieved from

https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/160940690900800406

Lavrakas, P. J. (2008) Research Methods, Sage Publications Inc.,

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