0

K-POP PAPER
PREPARED BY DARIUSDURIAN
JC2 PRELIMINARY
EXAMINATION Higher 2

MATHEMATICS 9758/02

Paper 2 2022
3 Hours
Additional Materials: List of Formulae (MF26)

READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST

Write your name and class on all work you hand in.
Write in dark blue or black pen on both sides of the paper.
You may use a soft pencil for any diagrams or graphs.
Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid.

Answer all questions.

Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, or 1 decimal place in the case of angles in
degrees, unless a different level of accuracy is specified in the question. You are expected to use a graphic
calculator.
Unsupported answers from a graphic calculator are allowed unless a question specifically states otherwise.
Where unsupported answers from a graphic calculator are not allowed in a question, you are required to present
the mathematical steps using mathematical notations and not calculator commands.
You are reminded of the need for clear presentation in your answers.

At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together. The number of marks is given in brackets
[ ] at the end of each question or part question.
The total mark is 100.

Gaslight, Gatekeep, Girlboss.

This document consists of 6 printed pages.

 1

Section A: Pure Mathematics [40 marks]

1 It is given that
sin 2 2
f ( tan  ) = .
4
(a) By using a double angle formula, show that
x2
f ( x) = .
( )
2
x2 + 1
[2]
(b) (i) By first considering the graph of y = tan x , explain why

lim tan −1 x =
.
x → 2 [1]
(ii) Use integration by parts to find the exact value of


 0
f ( x ) dx .
[4]
(c) By using an appropriate series expansion in the List of Formulae (MF26), obtain the
general term of the series expansion of f ( x ) . [3]
A function f ( x ) is continuous and infinitely differentiable on . It satisfies the equation

( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
f ( x ) + f x 2 + f x3 + ... + f x n = sin x + sin x 2 + sin x3 + ... + sin x n ( )
(d) (i) Define the nth derivative of a function, f ( x ) , to be f ( ) ( x ) . By repeated
n

differentiation, obtain the values of f ( ) ( 0 ) for n = 1, 2,3,...,9 .

n
[3]
(ii) Use Maclaurin’s Theorem to explain that f ( x ) = sin x . [1]

2 The coplanar vectors a, b and c are the position vectors of the vertices of a non-right-angled triangle
ABC. The non-zero vectors u and v are perpendicular to BC and CA respectively. The line through
A perpendicular to BC intersects the line through B perpendicular to CA at P.
(a) Find the position vector of P in terms of a, b, c and u. [4]
(b) Hence show that the line CP is perpendicular to the line AB. [4]
 2

3 An arithmetic-geometric sequence is the product of the nth term of an arithmetic sequence and the nth
term of a geometric sequence.

An arithmetic sequence an  has first term a and common difference d. A geometric sequence bn 
has first term b and common ratio r. Let cn  be the arithmetic-geometric sequence in this case and
S n denote the sum of the first n terms of cn .
(a) Obtain an expression for cn . [1]
(b) By considering (1 − r ) S n , show that
ab − ( a + d ( n − 1) ) br n
Sn =
1− r
+
bdr
(1 − r ) 2 (1 − r ) .
n −1

[5]
(c) In relation to Probability Theory, Gabriel’s Staircase is a useful result in the computation
of the expectation of a random variable. Prove this result:


 kr
k =1
k
=
r
(1 − r ) 2
, where 0  r  1
[2]
 3

4 The diameter of a Singapore 50-cents coin is 2.3 cm. Consider 2 50-cents coin, A and B, where A is
above B, as shown in Figure 1. Coin A is rotated clockwise about Coin B (which is fixed) until the
former returns to its original position. The locus of points traced out by the bottom of Coin A, P, is
a plane curve called a cardioid.

In Cartesian Coordinates, the equation of a cardioid is given by

(x ) ( )
2
2
+ y2 + 4ax x 2 + y 2 − 4a 2 y 2 =0

where a is the common radius of the two generating circles with midpoints ( − a, 0 ) and ( a, 0 ) .

Coin A

Coin B

Figure 1
(a) Verify that the parametrisation
x = 2a cos  (1 − cos  )
y = 2a sin  (1 − cos  ) 0    2
where  is the rolling angle, is valid. [2]
(b) The arc length L of a parametric curve from  =  to  =  is given by the following integral:
 2 2


 dx   dy 
L=   +  d
  d   d 
(i) Show that
2 2
 dx   dy 
  +   = 8a (1 − cos  )
2
[4]
 d   d 
(ii) Hence, find the exact distance P moves during one revolution. [3]
 4

Section B: Statistics [60 marks]

5 (a) Spose X1 , X 2 ,…, X n are independent random variables which are normally

[3]

(b) Michael only has watermelons and apples as his crops. W and A are the random variables
denoting the masses of a fully-grown watermelon and a fully-grown apple respectively. W is
normally distributed with mean 2800 and standard deviation 80 whereas A is normally
distributed with mean  and variance 25.
(i) The fruits are ready for harvest. Michael walks to his farm and randomly selects
a watermelon and an apple. The probability that the total mass is less than 2930
g is 0.74471. Find the value of  corrected to 3 significant figures. [3]

(ii) Now, suppose that the standard deviation of the masses of fully-grown
watermelons is now unknown. If
P (W1 + W2 + W3 + ... + W6 = 6W ) ,
without standardising, explain what this implies in the context of the question. [1]

(c) The normal distribution is a continuous random variable which has profound importance in
Statistics. Its probability density function is given by
( x− )
2

1 −
f ( x) = e 2 2 , where x  .
 2
The standard normal distribution is given by
x2
1 −2
Φ ( x) = e , where x  .
2
(i) The graph in (i) is translated by 4 units in the positive direction of the x-axis and
then, scaled by a factor of 3 parallel to the x-axis. With reference to the probability
density function of the normal distribution, state the values of  and  . Sketch
the new graph, y = g ( x ) , on a separate diagram, indicating the line of symmetry. [3]

(ii) State the value of k for which the following equation holds true:


 
0
f ( x ) dx = k Φ ( x ) dx
b − [1]

(iii) By considering Φ ( x ) and the binomial distribution B 2n, 1 ( 2 ) , prove that

22 n ( n !)
2
( 2n !)  .
n [4]
 5

6 (a) Use the definition of conditional probability to derive Bayes’ Theorem. That is, if A and
B are two different events with P ( B )  0 , then
P ( A | B ) P ( B ) = P ( B | A) P ( A) . [2]

(b) Mr. Chebyshev is a contestant on a popular game show. The host, Mr. Markov, presents him
three doors labelled ‘1’, ‘2’ and ‘3’ and claims that behind one door is a car and behind each
of the remaining two doors is nothing. Mr. Chebyshev has to pick one of the three doors. If he
picks the door with the car behind, he walks away with it and wins.

Without a loss of generality, Mr. Chebyshev asks Mr. Markov to open Door 1. Mr. Markov,
who knows exactly where the car is, opens Door 2, which has nothing behind it. He asks Mr.
Chebyshev if he wants to open Door 3 instead or be adamant about his decision.

Let the events A and B be the following:

A: Door 1 has a car behind it
B: Mr. Markov has revealed a door with nothing behind it
(i) Prove that
P ( B | A ) P ( A ) +P ( B | A ' ) P ( A ' ) = P ( B ) . [2]
(ii) Using (a) and (bi), prove that
P ( B | A) P ( A)
P ( A | B) = .
P ( B | A) P ( A) +P ( B | A ' ) P ( A ' ) [1]
(iii) Hence, explain why Mr. Chebyshev should ask Mr. Markov to open Door 3. [3]

7 (a) Two brothers, Samuel and James, are playing a game called Lucky Dice involving two
unbiased six-sided dice. The scores on each of the die are denoted by the random variables D1
and D2 . If Samuel tosses the dice and attains a product of at most 10, he wins. If James tosses
the dice and attains the result D1 − D2  4 , he wins.
(i) Construct a table indicating the possible values of D1 and D2 , as well as the
corresponding values of P ( D1 − D2 = k ) where k = 4,5, 6 . [4]
The game begins with Samuel tossing the dice. If he loses, then James will toss them. Next, if
James loses, Samuel will toss them and the process continues until a winner emerges.
(ii) Calculate the probability that James wins on his sixth attempt. [4]

(b) The Lucky Dice clubs of two schools comprise 8 and 9 players. 4 members from each club are
randomly chosen to participate in a competition between the two schools. The chosen players
from one team are subsequently randomly paired with those from the other team. Each pair
will play a game of Lucky Dice. Suppose Samuel and James are members of the Lucky Dice
clubs in their respective schools. What is the probability that
(i) the two brothers will be paired? [3]
(ii) the two brothers will be chosen to represent their schools but will not play against
each other? [3]
(iii) either of the two brothers will be chosen to represent their school? [3]
 6

8 A six-sided die is tossed. In a particular game, the die is rolled 139 times and ‘6’ appears 31 times.

The binomial test can be used to test the hypothesis regarding the probability of success, p. In this
case, the alternative hypothesis is that the die generates more ‘6’s than expected.

The p-value of this binomial test is given by

139

 f ( k, n, p )
k =31

where f ( k , n, p ) is the probability density function of the binomial distribution with the
conventional parameters n and p.
(i) Calculate the p-value of the binomial test. [2]
(ii) Hence, using a one-tailed binomial test, test at a 5% level of significance whether the
die is fair. Show full working, indicating the null and alternative hypotheses. [3]
(iii) Explain why a two-tailed binomial test cannot be conducted if p = 0.5 . [1]
(iv) With the aid of the Central Limit Theorem, use a z-test and verify that the same
conclusion is reached compared to in (ii). [3]

9 A box contains n distinct balls numbered 1, 2, 3,…, n, where n  5 . Three balls are drawn randomly.
The random variables X1 , X 2 and X 3 denote the smallest, middle and largest number of the three
balls respectively.

Define  n to be
n = P ( X1 + 2  X 2  X 3 − 2) .
(a) By first setting X 2 = k , where k represents the possible values X 2 can take, form three
inequalities for X1 , X 2 and X 3 in terms of k and n. [2]
n
n ( n + 1)( 2n + 1)
(b) Using the identity r
r =1
2
=
6
, show that the number of combinations

( n − 4 )( n − 3)( n − 2 )
satisfying the inequality X1 + 2  X 2  X 3 − 2 is .
6 [5]
p ( n)
(c) Hence, express  n in terms of , where p ( n ) and q ( n ) are quadratic polynomials. [2]
q ( n)
(d) Without using a graphing calculator, prove that  n tends to a constant, which must be
evaluated, as n tends to infinity. [2]

END OF PAPER