Srihari Katari 11 Jan 2022

Srihari
Digitally signed by Srihari Katari
Srihari katari
DN: cn=Srihari Katari, o=Asset
Integrity, ou=QAQC,
email=Srihari_Katari@tatweerpe
11 Jan 2022
Katari troleum.com, c=BH
Date: 2022.01.11 08:11:43
+03'00'
Procedure for Phased Array Ultrasonic Testing
Project Title & Description: CO-454-2019-C Provision of General Construction
Services (AGS Piping)
Owner: TATWEER PETROLEUM
Contractor: MCSC
NDE Sub Contractor: Al-Hoty Analytical Services WLL
REVISION HISTORY
SP/NDT/21/AGS/MCSC/PA
00 15/Dec/2021 UT
Abhishek D Shyam Pandey
Rev. Client
Date Description Prepared by Approved by
No. Approval
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Contents
1. Introduction
1.1. General 05
1.2. Scope of work 05
1.3. Standards and references 05
1.4. Safety 06
2. Personnel Requirements 06
3. Pre-examination Requirements
3.1. Procedure qualification 06
3.2. Information Required 09
3.3. Surface Condition 09
3.4. Temperature 10
3.5. Couplant 10
3.6. Scan Plan 10
3.7. Examination technique 11
3.8. Examination Area 11
3.9. Identification of Datum Points 12
4. Equipment
4.1. Equipment specifications 12
4.2. Equipment calibrations 13
4.3. Calibration blocks 13
4.4. Scanners 18
5. Test Method
5.1. Construction of set-up file(s) 19
5.2. Calibration of set-up files 19
5.3. UT Transverse scans 21
5.4. Encoder calibration 22
5.5. Scanner setup 22
5.6. Data collection 22
5.7. Data analysis 23
5.8. Post examination cleaning 24
6. Acceptance Criteria 24
7. Reporting
7.1. Reporting of results 24
8. Non-Compliance 25
9. Data Handover to Owner 25
Appendix A Acceptance criteria 26
Appendix B Sample Report Format 30
Appendix C Scan Plan 31
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1. Introduction
1.1. General
This procedure describes the examination of piping welds, and dimensioning of

indications, for comparison with acceptance standards in welded joints using the
Phased Array Ultrasonic Test method.
This documented examination process contains this generic procedure which

addresses the referencing code requirements, and an examination technique
which describes the essential variables for each joint type and thickness.
1.2. Scope of work
The procedure shall be limited to thicknesses of 6.2mm to 29.75mm. Greater

and lesser thicknesses may be tested using this if the technique can be
demonstrated to provide adequate detection on mock-ups of the same wall
thickness and geometry.
This procedure covers welded joints in piping:
Sizes
o Diameter range : 6’’ NPS & Above
o Pipe Thickness Range : 6.2 mm to 29.75 mm
Materials
o Carbon steel (API 5L Gr B, ASTM A333 Gr 6, API 5L Gr X52, API
5L Gr X65)
Weld Configuration
o Pipe to Pipe, Pipe to Fittings/Flange, Buttweld, Bevel – 37.5±5°
1.3. Standards and References
This procedure has been established with references to the following

documents:
Pipe to fittings single side scanning joints
▪ ASME Sec. V 2021 Edition Make separate scan plan due to offset
▪ ASME B31.3 2020 Edition difference and add with this procedure
▪ ASNT SNT-TC-1A 2020 Edition
▪ Al-Hoty Written Practice: AAS-QP-21 Rev.02
▪ ASME SEC VIII Div 1 and 2 2021 Edition
▪ ASTM E2491-13
▪ ASTM E2700-20
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1.4. Safety
All operations shall be performed in accordance with company Health and

Safety requirements.
Where applicable, all local safety rules, such as “Permit to Work” shall be strictly
observed.
2. Personnel Requirements
Personnel working to this procedure shall have knowledge of the product and material
to be measured and they shall be qualified in ultrasonic testing, to the required
category in accordance with one of the following.
ASNT/PCN/EN 9712 Level II PAUT
NDT Level II or III (SNT-TC-1A) UT (PAUT)
ASNT Level III UT
Only persons certified to PAUT level II or III shall analyse the data or interpret the
results. Scanning may be carried out by a person who is fully trained in operating the
scanning equipment.
A review of the data interpretation and of the full records shall be performed by a
person certified to ASNT NDT Level III in UT and trained in PAUT or CSWIP/PCN
PAUT Level II or III.
Ultrasonic personnel shall be capable of reading the letter sizes equivalent to those
defined as Jaeger 1 and shall be tested for colour blindness particularly in the colours
or shades of grey to be used in subsequent testing. This shall be carried out annually
and a record of the tests shall be maintained on file.
3. Pre-examination Requirements
3.1. Procedure qualification
When required by the referencing code section, a demonstration block shall be

prepared as follows:
• The demonstration blocks geometry shall be representative of the

production joint details
• Demonstration block shall have same heat treatment as required by the

job.
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• Any changes or Deviation to essential variables will require revision and re-
qualification
• Unless otherwise specified by the referencing code, the demonstration

block shall contain a minimum of three actual planar flaws, or three
notches positioned parallel to the weld axis.
o One surface flaw on the OD.
o One surface flaw on the ID.
o One subsurface flaw.
O Welds containing defects and acceptable imperfections shall be

prepared from actual production pipe material samples utilizing an
approved welding procedure specification. Changes in wall
thickness, bevel design, acoustic velocity, welding process, repair
welds, and other variables that can have an effect on the
detectability and resolution of the system shall require additional
demonstration welds from other corresponding approved welding
procedures.
• Should multiple scan plans divide the weld into several zones, then a
minimum of one flaw per zone is required.
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• The flaw sizes shall be based on the block thickness and shall be no
larger than that specified by the referencing code.
• Demonstration block diagram or sketch shall be submitted for approval prior

to preparation and after demonstration NDT sub-contractor should submit
the RT comparison sheet.
If the weld is to be scanned from one side only, then the demonstration block
shall contain two sets of flaws, one set on each side of the weld.
Procedure, Performance & evaluation shall be based on Sec VIII Div. 2, 7.5.5
(Refer UW 53(b), Sec VIII Div. 1)
3.2. Information required
Detailed information of the item to be examined shall be obtained prior to

examination, including the location, access requirements, Location of specific
area(s) to be examined, the material type, thickness, surface condition and
temperature of the item.
Information on the results from any previous examination(s) should also be

provided.
Copies of weld procedures (where available) shall be supplied in order for the
weld preparation to be included in the computer modelling.
3.3. Surface condition
On final contact surface a minimum area of 150mm on either side of the weld
shall be sufficiently smooth and free from loose scale, spatter, surface coatings
and other debris that would adversely affect ultrasonic coupling and wrapping
shall be removed up to 500mm from each side of the weld.
When testing seamed pipes and/or Tee’s, it is essential any weld seam(s) that
may interfere with the examination, are ground flush prior to examination. If
Tee’s are not removed prior to testing, this shall be recorded on the final
examination report.
Transfer Correction. When the block material is not of the same product form
or has not received the same heat treatment, it may be used provided it meets
all other block requirements and a transfer correction for acoustical property
differences is used. Transfer correction shall be determined by noting the
difference between the signal response, using the same transducers and
wedges to be used in the examination, received from either (1) the
corresponding reference reflector (same type and dimensions) in the basic
calibration block and in the component to be examined, or (2) two search units
positioned in the same orientation on the basic calibration block and component
to be examined. The examination sensitivity shall be adjusted for the difference.
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When the transfer method is chosen as an alternative, it shall be used, at the
minimum (1) for sizes ≤DN50 (NPS 2), once in each 10welded joints examined
(2) for sizes DN 50 and ≤DN 450 (NPS 18), once in each 1.5 m (5 ft) of welding
examined (3) for sizes DN 450, once for each welded joint examined (d) Each
type of material and each size and wall thickness shall be considered separately
in applying the transfer method. In addition, the transfer method shall be used at
least twice on each type of weld joint. (e) The reference level for monitoring
discontinuities shall be modified to reflect the transfer correction when the
transfer method is used.
3.4. Temperature
Normally testing shall be carried out at ambient temperature, specialist

equipment (high temperature/water cooled wedges) is available to carry out
examinations at elevated temperatures.
Calibration of equipment shall be carried out using calibration blocks that are
the same temperature as the examination surface ± 14oC.
3.5. Couplant
Water, fed through a pressurized system is normally used when carrying out
phased array examination, although any of the following may be used.
Any non-corrosive, commercially available couplant may be used. Other

suitable couplant may be used and can include oils, grease, and cellulose
paste.
For elevated temperatures, couplant should be chosen carefully. The couplant

used should not cause damage to the examination item but should be stable
enough to transmit the ultrasound for the entire scan.
Couplant used on nickel-based alloys shall not contain more than 250ppm of
sulphur.
Couplants used on austenitic stainless steel or titanium shall not contain more
than 250ppm of halides (chlorides plus fluorides).
The same Couplant shall be used for calibration as for the examinations.
3.6. Scan Plan
Prior to examination, a computer model shall be designed using ES Beam tool 9

or equivalent to ensure that all the code requirements are met. This “scan Plan”
shall demonstrate that the following areas of interest are adequately examined:
• Fusion faces.
• Root area.
• Weld cap.
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• Weld volume.
• Heat affected zone.
This scan plan shall be incorporated into the technique sheet.
For linear “E” scan techniques, the overlap between active apertures (i.e.,
aperture incremental change) shall be a minimum of 50% of the effective
aperture height.
For sectorial “S” scan techniques, the angular sweep incremental change shall
be a maximum of 1 degree or sufficient to ensure 50% beam overlap.
When multiple line scans are required to cover the area of interest, overlap
between the adjacent line scans shall be a minimum of 10% of the effective
aperture height for “E” scans or beam width for “S” scans.
Any changes to the technique shall be subject to approval by the client prior to
implementation.
3.7. Examination technique
A technique shall be prepared for each pipe diameter and thickness. The
technique shall be constructed in accordance with setup file (see 3.6). The
technique shall list all of the essential variables required by the code. A full list
of techniques related to the specific project is referenced in appendix C. Each
technique shall be approved by a certified Level III person in accordance with
ASNT/SNT-TC-1A.
The parameters from the technique shall be transferred to the Omniscan and
saved as a setup file in accordance with 5.1.
3.8. Examination area
The weld volume to be scanned shall be examined by moving the search unit
over the scanning surface so that each weld is scanned along its entire length.
Welds that cannot be examined for its entire length from at least one side shall
be noted in the examination report, stating the areas where inspection was not
carried out. For Flange welds, the weld may be manually examined with a
straight beam from the flange face if accessible.
The examination area shall include the volume of the weld plus the lesser of
25mm or t of the adjacent base metal.
Alternatively, the examination volume may be reduced to include the actual heat
affected zone (HAZ) plus 6mm (0.25 in.) of base material beyond the heat
affected zone on each side of the weld, provided the extent of the weld HAZ is
measured and documented
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3.9. Identification of Datum Points
Each weld shall be clearly and permanently identified with a unique number.
The nomenclature and numbering system shall be agreed with the client. Datum
numbers shall be consistent with any subsequent examinations.
On Butt welds the weld centre line shall be used as an index datum for the
probe stand-off distance, this shall be taken as mid-point between the weld Cap
toes. Where the weld cap has been removed chemical etching may be required
to reveal the weld toes.
On horizontal or horizontally inclined pipe work the scan datum shall be taken at
the 12 o’clock position viewed in the direction of flow.
On vertical pipe work the scan datum shall be taken as due north with
measurements referenced in a clockwise direction, relative to the direction of
flow.
4. Equipment
4.1. Equipment specifications
4.1.1. Flaw detector(s)
The Omniscan MX or MX2 is a pulse echo unit capable of generating and

displaying ‘A Scan’ data in a variety of forms, including, ‘S’ Scan, ‘B’ Scan
and ‘C’ Scan, which can be stored and recalled for subsequent review. It
shall operate at frequencies from 0.25MHz – 20MHz and has a stepped
gain control in units of 0.1dB.
The instrument shall be capable of digitization of A-scans at a minimum of

five times the nominal frequency of the probe used. Amplitude shall be
digitized at a resolution of at least 8-bit (that is, 256 levels). The
OmniScan shall have a pulser/channel configuration of 16:128 or 32:128.
Omniscan MX3 can be used when available.
4.1.2. Data analysing software
Data collected on the Omniscan using software version MXU- 4.1r2 or

later may be viewed and analysed either directly from the Omniscan
screen or converted to an .rdt file and viewed using Olympus Tomoview
software using software version 2.7r11 or OmniPC software.
4.1.3. Probes
Phased array probes used for weld inspection shall operate at frequencies
between 1MHz and 10MHz. linear array probes shall consist of at least 16
elements. The element width in the passive plane shall range between
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6mm and 15mm. Element size (e) and the Element spacing, Pitch (p) shall
be specifically designed to allow a steering range of +/- 20° of the natural
shear wave refracted angle from the wedge and minimise the effects of
grating lobes.
The probe selected shall not have more elements than the number of
elements addressable by the pulser-receivers available in the phased
array instrument being used.
Details of project specific probes and wedges used are shown in appendix
C.
4.1.4 Wedges
Refracting wedges used on curved surfaces shall require contouring to

match the surface curvature if the curvature causes a gap between the
wedge and examination surface exceeding 0.5 mm (0.020 in.) at any
point. For piping, AOD wedges shall be used to match the pipe curvature.
4.2. Equipment calibration
4.2.1. Flaw detectors
Calibration shall be performed by the equipment manufacturer or an

accredited test laboratory annually and shall include as a minimum:
• Screen height Linearity
• Time base linearity (Horizontal linearity)
• Amplitude linearity
Equipment that fails either of the above calibrations shall be removed from
service. Any examinations carried out with the equipment before the failed
calibration shall be assessed and retested if required.
4.3. Calibration blocks
Calibration blocks shall be manufactured from the same material or equivalent

P-Number as the examination specimen.
Dissimilar Metal Welds. The material selection shall be based on the material on
the side of the weld from which the examination will be conducted. If the
examination will be conducted from both sides, calibration reflectors shall be
provided in both materials.
If dissimilar materials have to be inspected, block shall be prepared with the

same parent materials on both sides, as the production joints. Calibration
reflectors shall be made on both parent materials (HAZ) & Weld Material
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The calibration shall be carried out on the surface corresponding to the surface
of the component from which the examination will be performed.
The calibration block shall receive at least the minimum tempering treatment
required by the material specification for the type and grade.
Specified reflectors for calibration may be either side drilled holes or notches.
These reflectors shall be used to establish primary reference values.
Alternate reflectors may be used provided that the reflector produces sensitivity
equal to or greater than the specified reflector(s) (e.g., flat-bottomed holes in
lieu of side drilled holes).
Scanning to be performed on validation block and production welds (at least

one joint for each category and geometry).
Sec
4.3.1 Block Curvature
Piping Calibration Blocks. As per ASME Sc V the basic calibration block

configuration and reflectors shall be as shown in Figure 2 & 3, or the alternate
provided in Figure 4.
Parent Material Ultrasonic Testing

After completion of the circumferential butt weld, but prior to its ultrasonic
testing a compression wave test of the parent material on both sides of the weld
(minimum distance = 1.25, the longest surface skip distance to be used) shall
be performed. All interfering partial and full beam reflectors shall be noted
(datum location and distance from the weld edge) and recorded on the
examination record
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Figure 2 Ratio Limits for Curved Surfaces
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Figure 3 Calibration block for piping
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Figure 4 Alternate calibration block for piping
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4.3.4 Calibration Check Intervals
Calibration(s) shall be checked daily before work and at least at the following times.
• Immediately after a change in personnel.

• Flaw detector change.
• The proper functioning of the equipment shall be checked, and the equipment shall
be calibrated at the beginning of the day and end of every shift and for every 4
working hours.
• Inactive element check- Before start of initial system configuration, the inactive
element check shall be performed. In a selected focal law, inactive elements should
not be more than 5%.
• Even its 5% ensure number of inactive elements shall not be more than 1 for every
16 elements channel.
• Consecutive two inactive/dead elements should not be allowed.
• No adjacent element shall be inactive, and each element shall be within 2dB
amplitude of adjacent elements. The inactive element check shall be performed at
least once in every 12hrs.
• Change of Couplant type.

• Immediately after a change of probe, wedge, or cable.
• At every change of shift.
• If there is a significant change in equipment or material temperature.
• Whenever a calibration error is suspected.
• Probe check, dead element check shall be carried out as per ASTM E2491 when
required.
• Carry out a visual check for physical damage to the probe, evidence of crystal or wear
face dis-bonding or excessive or uneven wear of the wedge is unacceptable, also
check that the probe is fully coupled to the wedge.
4.4. Scanners
The type of scanner to be used shall be assessed before any work commences.
The scanner shall be capable of maintaining the required the probe position in
the required axis. and shall also ensure sufficient surface contact to maintain
the ultrasound signal. Semi-automatic HSMT-Flex scanner will be used. Chain
scanner may be used, in case access is restricted to one side.
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Typical chain scanner for pipes Magnetic wheeled scanner for plate
5. Test Method
5.1. Construction of set-up files
Setup files shall be constructed only by persons certified in accordance with 2.0.
The setup file shall be constructed using the details from the appropriate
technique sheet. This technique sheet shall be signed by an NDT Level III
certified person.
Individual beams shall be calibrated to provide measurement of distance and

amplitude correction over the sound path distance used during the examination.
This shall include compensation for wedge sound path variations and wedge
attenuation.
The pulse repetition frequency (PRF) shall be small enough to assure that a
signal from a reflector located at the maximum distance in the examination
volume will arrive back at the search unit before the next pulse is placed on the
transducer.
5.2. Calibration of set up files
5.2.1. PAUT
Calibration shall include the complete ultrasonic system and shall be

performed prior to use of the system in the thickness range under
examination.
Each setup file shall be calibrated for the following:
• Time base.
• Sensitivity (ACG) & Wedge delay.
• Time corrected gain (TCG).
5.2.1.1 Velocity calibration
Velocity calibration shall be carried out on one or more blocks

containing radius of 50mm and 100mm (V1, V2 or IIW type2).
Follow the required steps of the velocity calibration wizard on the
Omniscan to complete the calibration.
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5.2.1.2 Sensitivity and wedge delay calibration
Calibration of sensitivity and wedge delay shall be carried out on the

reference block(s). Follow the required steps of the wizards for
sensitivity and wedge delay on the Omniscan instrument to
complete these calibrations. Wedge delay and sensitivity setting
shall be used as acquired during the calibration.
5.2.1.3 Time corrected gain (TCG)
Calibration for time corrected gain shall be carried out using the
reference block(s). Follow the TCG wizard on the Omniscan
instrument to complete this calibration.
Daily checks shall be made using the reference reflectors to ensure the
correct gain is applied. The gain shall be set so that the amplitude reaches
80% FSH ± 20% or 2dB.
The TCG gain value shall be set from the reference reflectors, this value
shall be set as the reference gain value.
Equipment than fails any of the above calibrations shall be removed from
Calibration of the above “setup file” shall be carried using the same wedge
as used during the examination.
The temperature of the calibration block shall be within ± 14oC of the

examination surface.
The sensitivity calibration shall be performed utilizing the calibration

blocks with SDH at different depths.
The SDH with the weakest response shall display an indication of 80% of
FSH.
A time correction gain calibration shall be used to compensate for

attenuation in the material at the sound paths used during calibration and
examination. Minimum 3 TCG points is required.
TCG verification shall be done every four continuous hours of use.
NOTE: Multi-element phased array transducers suffer from element “drop

out” which means that one or more of the elements fail and ceases to
function. As long as the setup passes all of the above calibrations, it may
be considered to be functional.
During system calibration checks, any channels requiring 2 dB or more of

gain adjustment from the references value requires that the full system
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and dead/inactive element check be performed. Any system changes that
require a focal law channel changes(s) resulting in an angle change
greater than 1.5° requires a full system dead/inactive element check.
5.3 UT (Transverse scans)
Calibration shall include the complete ultrasonic system and shall be

performed prior to use of the system in the thickness range under
examination.
Each “setup file” shall be calibrated before use; these calibrations shall
consist of the following:
• Range.
• Probe index point.
• Probe angle verification.
• Velocity/Wedge delay.
• Distance Amplitude Correction (DAC).
Equipment that fails any of the above calibrations shall be removed from
The reference system parameters are locked into the system, with only
minor adjustment allowed. (Minor adjustments are defined as follows:
Cumulative gain adjustments are limited to less than 2 dB; any focal law
channel shift shall limit the inspection change to 1.5° or less.)
Reference parameters shall only be changed by PAUT supervisor with

concurrence from CONTRACTOR/COMPANY. All system parameters
shall be documented via hard copy after any changes.
The reference gain value shall be set from the reference reflectors; this
value shall include any additional gain required for transfer correction (see
3.3).
The gain from the reference reflectors shall be set so that the amplitude
from the highest reflector reaches 80% FSH ± 20% or 2dB.
Daily checks shall be made using the reference reflectors. Should the
reference gain change by more than ± 20% or 2dB, any examinations
carried out since the last successful check shall be re-examined.
The temperature of the calibration block shall be within ± 14oC of the

examination surface temperature.
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5.4. Encoder calibration
Encoder(s) shall be calibrated prior to first use, thereafter, at intervals not

exceeding one month. The encoder shall be moved a minimum distance of
500mm, the recorded distance shall be within 1% of the actual distance moved.
Encoder calibration shall be done at the beginning of Each Shift.
5.5. Scanner set-up
Persons setting up and operating scanners shall receive adequate training in

their use.
The selection of the scanner will depend on the particular application. The
scanner used shall contain one or more encoder(s), to record positional
information in the scan direction(s). The encoder(s) shall be calibrated before
use in accordance with 5.4.
The scanner shall be checked visually before use and shall be maintained in
good working order throughout the period of use.
5.6. Data Collection
Prior to the angle scan, a 0o scan shall be carried out to detect any laminar type
discontinuities. The area adjacent to the weld shall be scanned from the weld
toe to a distance of 1½ times the furthest calculated entry point for the angled
scans.
Persons collecting phased array data shall be certified to a minimum of NDT

Level II UT (PAUT) in accordance with 2.0.
All examinations shall be carried out at the reference gain value including any
additional gain required for transfer correction (see 3.3).
The scanning speed shall be controlled to ensure that “data drop-out” is less
than 2 data lines per inch of the linear scan length and that there are no
adjacent data line skips. Scan length and overlap shall be as per the scan plan
Appendix -C attached along with this procedure.
Any controls that affect the instrument linearity (e.g., filters, reject) shall be in
the same position for both calibration, and examination.
A-scan data shall be recorded for the area of interest in an unprocessed form
with no threshold, at a minimum digitisation rate of five times the probe
frequency and recorded at increments of:
• 1mm intervals for materials <75mm thick.
• 2mm intervals for materials ≥ 75mm thick.
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The required volume of the weld and base material to be examined shall be
scanned using a line scan technique with an encoder. Each line scan shall be
parallel to the weld axis at a constant stand-off distance with the beam oriented
perpendicular to the weld axis.
As an alternative to line scanning, a manual angle beam examination may be

performed for reflectors transverse to the weld axis (see 5.3).
The angle beam shall be directed essentially parallel to the weld axis. The
search unit shall be manipulated so that the ultrasonic energy passes through
the required volume of weld and adjacent base material. The search unit shall
be rotated 180o and the examination repeated. If the weld cap is not removed,
the examination shall be performed from the base material on both sides of the
weld cap in both weld axis directions.
Transverse scans shall be carried out using a distance amplitude technique

(DAC) (see 3.3), with a scanning sensitivity at least 6dB above the reference
value.
5.7. Data Analysis
Analysis of data shall only be carried out by persons certified to NDT Level II UT
(PAUT) in accordance with 2.0.
Data may be analysed either directly from the instrument or on a dedicated PC

based software program (OmniPC or Tomoview 2.7r11 or later).
A data analysis sheet shall be completed for each weld examined. This analysis
sheet may form part of the final document pack.
All indications shall be assessed and characterised as relevant or non-relevant

(geometry). Relevant indications shall be assessed against the acceptance
criteria of the referencing code section. Indications that are within the limits of
the acceptance shall be recorded on the analysis sheet.
Signals from metallurgical discontinuities and/or geometrical conditions (such as

weld root geometry, or weld to base material interface) are classified as
geometry effects. These geometry effects are not characterised as indications
nor compared with allowable indication standards.
Signals from the root and cap shall be carefully examined to ensure that they
are not obscuring any relevant indications such as lack of fusion or cracks.
All indications greater than 20% of the reference level shall be investigated to
the extent that they can be evaluated against the limitations within the
referencing code.
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All rejectable indications shall be recorded. As a minimum, the type of indication
(LS Linear Surface or LB Linear Buried), location, and extent (i.e., length) shall
be included in the final report.
The demonstration block shall be scanned, and the qualification data saved per
the procedure being qualified and shall be available to the Inspector and
Owner/User along with a copy of any software necessary to view the data.
Same applies to production welds.
5.8. Post examination cleaning
On completion of the examination, all traces of Couplant shall be removed to

prevent damage to the examination material.
6. Acceptance Criteria
6.1 For piping welds, wall thicknesses less than 25mm (1.0 in.), the acceptance
criteria stated in paragraph 344.6.2 of B31.3 or as given below shall be used.
A linear-type discontinuity is unacceptable if the amplitude of the indication exceeds

the reference level, and its length exceeds
(1) 6 mm (1⁄4 in.) for Tw ≤ 19 mm (3⁄4 in.)
(2) Tw/3 for 19 mm < Tw ≤ 57 mm (21⁄4 in.)
(3) 19 mm (3⁄4 in.) for Tw > 57 mm (21⁄4 in.)
6.3 For piping welds greater than 25 mm thickness, the Acceptance/Rejection Criteria
shall be as per ASME B31.3 Appendix-R and can be found in Appendix -A.
7. Reporting (Appendix B - Sample Report Format)
7.1. Reporting of results
Any limitations or restrictions to the weld examination shall be recorded.
All defects, required by the referencing code, shall be recorded relative to their
datum conventions. If required, defects may be depicted in plan and/or cross-
sectional views to demonstrate their extent with appropriate dimensions
recorded.
The examination report shall include as a minimum, the following information:
• Identification of the item.

• Material and product form.
• Dimensions.
• Surface condition.
TP-FG-05894-PRO-A4-A0 24 of 50
• Temperature.
• Manufacturer, type, and serial No of ultrasonic instrument including
software version
• Instrument settings.
• Details of search units/probes used.
• Type and length of cables.
• Beam angles used.
• Identification of any calibration or reference blocks used including
reflector dimensions.
• Validation block(s) details.
• Reference code/standard details.
• Procedure and technique used.
• Calibration record.
• Acceptance criteria used.
• Record of rejectable indications.
• Areas of restricted access or inaccessible welds.
• Examination personnel identity and qualification level.
8. Non-Compliance
If, for any reason, the technician is unable to comply fully with the requirements of this
procedure, he shall seek advice from his company NDT level III and contractor.
9. Data Handover to Owner
Upon completion of work activities, all weld data files shall be handed to owner as
part of the work package quality dossier.
Weld data files shall be compiled in such a manner that they are inserted in the
dossier with the following information.
I. ISO/Tag Number
II. Weld Number
III. Unit Identification
IV. System/Sub-system identification
TP-FG-05894-PRO-A4-A0 25 of 50
Appendix A
Acceptance Criteria
a) Flaw Evaluation
The dimension of the flaw(s) shall be determined by the rectangle that fully contains the
area of the flaw(s). (Refer to Fig. 1)
i) The length, ℓ, of the flaw shall be drawn parallel to the inside pressure
retaining surface of the component.
ii) The height, h, of the flaw shall be drawn normal to the inside pressure
retaining surface of the component.
iii) The flaw shall be characterized as a surface or subsurface flaw, as shown

in Figure 1 below.
iv) A subsurface indication shall be considered as a surface flaw if the

separation (S in Figure 1) of the indication from the nearest surface of the
component is equal to or less than half the through wall dimension (h in
Figure 1, sketch [b]) of the subsurface indication.
b) Multiple Flaws
i) Discontinuous flaws that are oriented primarily in parallel planes shall be

considered to lie in a single plane if the distance between the adjacent
planes is equal to or less than 13mm (0.50 in.) or 0.5t, whichever is less.
ii) If the space between two flaws aligned along the axis of weld is less than
the height of the flaw of greater height, the two flaws shall be considered a
single flaw.
iii) If the space between two flaws aligned in the through-thickness dimension
is less than the height of the flaw of greater height, the two flaws shall be
considered a single flaw.
c) Flaw Acceptance Criteria as per ASME B 31.3
For wall thicknesses less than 25mm (1.0 in.), the acceptance criteria shall be as stated
below.
(a) A linear-type discontinuity is unacceptable if the amplitude of the indication exceeds

the reference level, and its length exceeds
Indication chracterized as
(1) 6 mm (1⁄4 in.) for Tw ≤ 19 mm (3⁄4 in.) cracks are unacceptable
regardless of length
(2) Tw/3 for 19 mm < Tw ≤ 57 mm (21⁄4 in.)
(3) 19 mm (3⁄4 in.) for Tw > 57 mm (21⁄4 in.)
TP-FG-05894-PRO-A4-A0 26 of 50
APPENDIX R
USE OF ALTERNATIVE ULTRASONIC ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA
For weld thickness greater that 25 mm, flaws shall be evaluated against the applicable
acceptance criteria of Table 1 or 2, except that flaw length (l) shall not exceed 4t, regardless
of flaw height (h) or the calculated aspect ratio.
TP-FG-05894-PRO-A4-A0 27 of 50
TP-FG-05894-PRO-A4-A0 28 of 50
TP-FG-05894-PRO-A4-A0 29 of 50
Appendix -B Sample report format
DATE :
PAGE :
PAUT AND TOFD ULTRASONIC INSPECTION REPORT REPORT NO :
TW0 NO :
REQUEST NO :
Client Machine Model Exam Standard
Project Machine Make Acceptance Standard
Job Number Calibration Due Date Procédure no/Rev no.
Item ID Software version Validation Block
Location Analysis Software Scan plan no.
Material Final Display Processing Level(PA) Volume Scanned
OD and Thickness Scanner, Adhering, Guiding mechanism Scanning Surface
Type of Weld Scanner, Resolution Surface Condition

Scanning Technique Stage / Date of Test Couplant
PA Setup Details
PA Search Unit Details TOFD Search Unit Details Calibration Block Details PAUT TOFD
Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 Group 4
Make Probe Serial no. Focal Law Calibration Block no.
Model / Frequency Model/freq/Dia Angle Range Thickness
Probe Sr.no. Wedge Angle Elem ent Quantity Reflector Type / Dia
No. of ELEMENTS Cable Type/Length Angular Increm ent Tem perature
Element Pitch Encoder Type/Res Range of elem ent Material
Elevation PCS Video Filter Reflector Distance
Element Gap Data Sampling Focal Depth TCG Details (PAUT)

Wedge/Natural
Gain Skew Reflector no. 1 2 3 4 5
Angle
Wedge Angle Reference Gain True Depth - -
WPS NO. / Welding
Cable Type/length Process Scanning Sensitivity Am plitude % - -
Identification:
EXAMINATION DETAILS AND RESULTS
Flaw Details (mm)
Scan start
Sr.no. Weld No. Welder ID Weld Width Probe Offset Thick (MM) Start Length Depth Height Aspect
and end Skew ° AMP % Type Result Remark
(MM) (MM) (MM) (MM) Ratio(a/l)
Note:
EXAMINED & EVALUATED BY ALHOTY (Level-II) MCSC TATWEER PETROLEUM
NAME:
DATE:
SIGNATURE: TP-FG-05894-PRO-A4-A0 30 of 50
make each size scan
plan and give sequence
numbers
Appendix C - Beam tool Scan Plan
SP/TP/2021/001
(6” x 10.97mm, 8” x 12.7mm, 10” x 9.27mm, 20” x 11.12 & 12.7mm,
12’’x8.38mm)
For 8.38 and 9.27mm thickness check
offset 15 is not good,
10mm good for coverage.
BeamTool Scan Plan check in scan plan tool and update
accordingly
Inspection Layout Make it separate scan plan for single

side access welds-
pipe to pipe joints demonstration time
make separate scanning from single
side and attach report with demo report
Piece
Shear Compression
Thickness Width Length Index Offset Material
Velocity Velocity
TP-FG-05894-PRO-A4-A0 31 of 50
11.12mm 200mm 50mm 0mm Steel 1020 3.24mm/µs 5.89mm/µs
HAZ: 32.26% HAZ Width: 5mm
37.5
Weld
Angl
Region Height Gap 37.5
e
Upper Fill 36.5° 7mm
Hot Pass - V- 2.12m

36.5°
Type m
2m
Root 2mm
m
Cap Height Width Overlap
Top 2mm 18mm 5mm
Bottom 2mm 4.5mm 5mm
Phased Array Probe: PA Probe
Index Offset: -15mm Scan Offset: 25mm Mirrored: False
Wedge: SA32-N55S-IHC
TP-FG-05894-PRO-A4-A0 32 of 50
Velocity Primary Offset Height 1st Element Length Width Angle
2.33mm/µs 55.52mm 11mm 61.5mm 40mm 36.1o
Transducer: 5L64-A32
Num. of Elements Element Pitch Aperture
64 0.5mm 32mm
Sectorial Beamset 1 Beamset
Law Config.: Sectorial Wave Type: Shear
Element First Min Max Angle

Focus
Qty Element Angle Angle Steps
16 49 43o 70o 0.9o None
Linear Beamset 1 Beamset
Law Config.: Linear Wave Type: Shear
Elemen First Last Number Refracte

Focu
t Elemen Elemen of d
s
Qty t t Beams Angle
16 26 64 24 70o None
Index Offset: 15mm Scan Offset: 25mm Mirrored: True
TP-FG-05894-PRO-A4-A0 33 of 50
2.33mm/µs 55.52mm 11mm 61.5mm 40mm 36.1o
64 0.5mm 32mm

Focus
16 49 43o 70o 0.9o None
TP-FG-05894-PRO-A4-A0 34 of 50

Focu
s
Qty t t Beams Angle
16 26 64 24 70o None
TP-FG-05894-PRO-A4-A0 35 of 50
SP/TP/2021/002
(32” x 22.23mm, 28” x 23.80mm, 20’’ x 26.19mm)
BeamTool Scan Plan
Inspection Layout
Piece
Shear Compression
Velocity Velocity
TP-FG-05894-PRO-A4-A0 36 of 50
Weld
37.5
Angl Ga
Region Height
e p
22.07m
Upper Fill 36.5°
m
Hot Pass - V- 2.12m

36.5°
Type m
2m
Root 2mm
m
Top 2mm 47.8mm 5mm 37.5
Bottom 2mm 12mm 5mm
TP-FG-05894-PRO-A4-A0 37 of 50
2.33mm/µs 55.52mm 11mm 61.5mm 40mm 36.1o
64 0.5mm 32mm

Focus
16 11 40o 70o 1o None

Focu
s
Qty t t Beams Angle
16 1 64 49 60o None
TP-FG-05894-PRO-A4-A0 38 of 50
2.33mm/µs 55.52mm 11mm 61.5mm 40mm 36.1o
64 0.5mm 32mm

Focus
16 11 40o 70o 1o None
TP-FG-05894-PRO-A4-A0 39 of 50

Focu
s
Qty t t Beams Angle
16 1 64 49 60o None
TP-FG-05894-PRO-A4-A0 40 of 50
SP/TP/2021/003
(10” x 15.09mm, 12” x 17.48mm)
BeamTool Scan Plan
Inspection Layout
Piece
Shear Compression
Velocity Velocity
TP-FG-05894-PRO-A4-A0 41 of 50
Weld
Angl Ga
Region Height
e p
13.35m
Upper Fill 37.5°
m
Hot Pass - V- 2.12m

37.5°
Type m
2m
Root 2mm
m
Top 2mm 28.24mm 5mm
2.33mm/µs 55.52mm 11mm 61.5mm 40mm 36.1o
TP-FG-05894-PRO-A4-A0 42 of 50
64 0.5mm 32mm

Focus
16 39 40o 70o 1o None

Focu
s
Qty t t Beams Angle
16 12 64 38 68o None
TP-FG-05894-PRO-A4-A0 43 of 50
2.33mm/µs 55.52mm 11mm 61.5mm 40mm 36.1o
64 0.5mm 32mm

Focus
16 39 40o 70o 1o None
TP-FG-05894-PRO-A4-A0 44 of 50
Element First Last Number Refracted

Focus
Qty Element Element of Beams Angle
16 12 64 38 68o None
TP-FG-05894-PRO-A4-A0 45 of 50
SP/TP/2021/004
(24’’ X 20.62 mm)
Inspection Layout
Piece
Shear Compression
Velocity Velocity
TP-FG-05894-PRO-A4-A0 46 of 50
Weld
Angl Ga
Region Height
e p
16.48m
Upper Fill 37.5°
m
Hot Pass - V- 2.12m

37.5°
Type m
2m
Root 2mm
m
Top 2mm 33.04mm 5mm
2.33mm/µs 55.52mm 11mm 61.5mm 40mm 36.1o
TP-FG-05894-PRO-A4-A0 47 of 50
64 0.5mm 32mm

Focus
16 23 40o 70o 1o None

Focu
s
Qty t t Beams Angle
16 1 64 49 65o None
TP-FG-05894-PRO-A4-A0 48 of 50
2.33mm/µs 55.52mm 11mm 61.5mm 40mm 36.1o
64 0.5mm 32mm
TP-FG-05894-PRO-A4-A0 49 of 50

Focus
16 23 40o 70o 1o None
Element First Last Number Refracted

Focus
Qty Element Element of Beams Angle
16 1 64 49 65o None
TP-FG-05894-PRO-A4-A0 50 of 50

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Srihari

Digitally signed by Srihari Katari

Owner: TATWEER PETROLEUM

NDE Sub Contractor: Al-Hoty Analytical Services WLL

This procedure describes the examination of piping welds, and dimensioning of

This documented examination process contains this generic procedure which

1.2. Scope of work

The procedure shall be limited to thicknesses of 6.2mm to 29.75mm. Greater

This procedure covers welded joints in piping:

o Pipe to Pipe, Pipe to Fittings/Flange, Buttweld, Bevel – 37.5±5°

1.3. Standards and References

This procedure has been established with references to the following

All operations shall be performed in accordance with company Health and

ASNT/PCN/EN 9712 Level II PAUT

NDT Level II or III (SNT-TC-1A) UT (PAUT)

ASNT Level III UT

3.1. Procedure qualification

When required by the referencing code section, a demonstration block shall be

• The demonstration blocks geometry shall be representative of the

• Demonstration block shall have same heat treatment as required by the

• Unless otherwise specified by the referencing code, the demonstration

o One surface flaw on the OD.

o One surface flaw on the ID.

o One subsurface flaw.

O Welds containing defects and acceptable imperfections shall be

• Demonstration block diagram or sketch shall be submitted for approval prior

3.2. Information required

Detailed information of the item to be examined shall be obtained prior to

Information on the results from any previous examination(s) should also be

3.3. Surface condition

Normally testing shall be carried out at ambient temperature, specialist

Any non-corrosive, commercially available couplant may be used. Other

For elevated temperatures, couplant should be chosen carefully. The couplant

3.6. Scan Plan

Prior to examination, a computer model shall be designed using ES Beam tool 9

• Heat affected zone.

This scan plan shall be incorporated into the technique sheet.

3.7. Examination technique

3.8. Examination area

4.1. Equipment specifications

4.1.1. Flaw detector(s)

The Omniscan MX or MX2 is a pulse echo unit capable of generating and

The instrument shall be capable of digitization of A-scans at a minimum of

4.1.2. Data analysing software

Data collected on the Omniscan using software version MXU- 4.1r2 or

Refracting wedges used on curved surfaces shall require contouring to

4.2. Equipment calibration

4.2.1. Flaw detectors

Calibration shall be performed by the equipment manufacturer or an

• Screen height Linearity

• Time base linearity (Horizontal linearity)

4.3. Calibration blocks

Calibration blocks shall be manufactured from the same material or equivalent

If dissimilar materials have to be inspected, block shall be prepared with the

Scanning to be performed on validation block and production welds (at least

Piping Calibration Blocks. As per ASME Sc V the basic calibration block

Parent Material Ultrasonic Testing

• Immediately after a change in personnel.

• Consecutive two inactive/dead elements should not be allowed.