SIR SYED Aligarh Movement was the movement led by Sir Syed Ahmed Khan, to educate the Muslims

s of the Indian subcontinent after the defeat of the rebels in the Indian rebellion of 1857. It had enormous success and had a profound impact on the future of the subcontinent. Its most significant achievement was the establishment of Muhammadan Anglo-Oriental College at Aligarh, which later became Aligarh Muslim University. To develope good will with the British i.e, to convince them that Muslims alone wre not responsible for the war of 1857, Hindus and other nations in India also participated in the war. In order to clear the doubts from the minds of the British about Muslims Sir Syed Ahmed Khan wrote a pamphlet "The Causes Of Indian Revolt". To protect Islam against the onslaught of Orientalists and to prove that it was the one true religion; To remove the bitter enmity which had arisen between the Muslim and the British for religious or political reasons and to establish friendly relations between them; To reinterpret the teaching of Islam and bring them in harmony with modern science and philosophy so that educated Muslims while holding on to their religion, might take a rational and enlightened view of life and meet the demands of the new age; To persuade Muslims to learn the English language and Western sciences so that they might secure a substantial share in the administration of the country. To maintain Urdu along with English as an associate official language and to develop it through translations and original writings PAKISTAN LOCATION . From a strategic and economical point of view Pakistanenjoys a key position in the South Asia. there are few links by land to the north and northwest because of the large mountain ranges and the climate.however, the Khyber Pass provides a route to Afghanistan and the Karakorum Highway now makes communication with China easier. there are number of passes in pakistan which join Pakistan with its neighboring countries like kunjra pass. Pakistan's coastline on the Arabian Sea is in a central position for trading by sea both with South Asia and the Far East and beyond and with the Middle East to the west.In addition, some of the air routes between west and east pass through Pakistan because of this central position. Karachi a natural harbour and an important warm water port also serves as a re fulling stop for ships. Pakistan on the tropic of cancer makes it for agriculture through out the country.tnere are number of mountain ranges which protect us from the Siberian winds. And the glacier helps to increase the volume of water in the rivers. KHILAFAT MOVEMENT .. A few months ago a group of friends were discussing the reasons for Partition when one of them said that the Khilafat (K) Movement was the starting point of PanIslamism, making the Muslims believe or must I say reiterate that they constituted a separate nation. My knowledge about the movement was a big zero. Here is it for you. This essay is based on inputs from The History and Culture of Indian People by the Bharitya Vidya Bhavan and the Tragic Story of Partition by H.V. Seshadri. The essay has four chapters. 1. 2. 3. in 4. 5. Events in Turkey that gives you a background to Khilafat. The Khilafat movement. The non-cooperation is referred to briefly since it has its origin the K movement. The Moplah rebellion in Kerala is a result of the K movement. Hindu-Muslim unity!

Tawhid Tawhid (Arabic: tawd "doctrine of Oneness [of God ]"; also transliterated Tawheed and Tauheed) is the concept of monotheism in Islam. It holds God (Arabic: Allah) is one (wid) and unique (ahad). The Qu'ran asserts the existence of a single and absolute truth that transcends the world; a unique, independent and indivisible being, who is independent of the entire creation. The indivisibility of God implies the indivisibility of God's sovereignty which, in turn, leads to the concept of a just, moral and coherent universe, as opposed to an existential and moral chaos. Similarly, the Qur'an rejects the concept of duality of God arguing that both good and evil generate from God's creative act and asserting that the evil forces have no power to create anything. God according to Islam is a universal God, rather than a local, tribal or parochial one is an absolute, who integrates all affirmative values and brooks no evil. The Qur'an is the main information source for understanding the oneness of God in Islam. All Muslim authorities maintain that a true understanding of God is impossible unless he introduces himself due to the fact that God is beyond the range of human vision and senses. Therefore God tells people who he is by speaking through the prophet. According to this view the fundamental message of all of the prophets is "There is no god worthy of worship but Allah." The Qur'an asserts the existence of a single, absolute truth that transcends the world; a unique being who is independent of the creation; a real being indivisible into hypostatic entities or incarnated manifestation. According to the Qur'an: "Say (O Muhammad): "He is God, (the) One, The Self-Sufficient Master, He begets not, nor was He begotten; And there is none co-equal or comparable unto Him." (Sura 112:1-4) "Thy Lord is self-sufficient, full of Mercy: if it were His will, He could destroy you, and in your place appoint whom He will as your successors, even as He raised you up from the posterity of other people."(Sura 6:133) RISALAT RISALAT Finality Of Prophethood The Holy Quran and the Holy Prophet's Ahadith (teachings) eloquently prove that prophethood (nabuwwat and risalat) came to an end with our Prophet Muhammad(PBUH). There are decisive verses to that effect. Being the last Prophet in the chain of prophethood, no one ever shall now succeed him to that status of dignity. "Muhammad is not the father of any of your men, but (he is) the Messenger of Allah, and the Seal of the Prophets: and Allah has full knowledge of all things." (Holy Quran, 33:40) Finality of Prophet hood and Ahadith The Prophet (PBUH) unequivocally declared that he was the final Prophet. There are a large number of Ahadith to sustain this article of Islamic faith. Not only that but the Prophet (PBUH) was also pleased to bring forth such expositions of this word (Khatam-un-Nabieen) that all doubts relating to his finality in prophet hood stand void and misinterpretations exposed. Many people having theological distinctions to their credit have stressed upon the unbroken and consecutive nature of those Ahadith which concern finality of prophet hood Address to Hazrat Ali: The Holy Prophet(PBUH) told Hazrat 'Ali: "You are related to me as Aaron was related to Moses(peace be upon him). But no Apostle will come after me." (Bukhari and Muslim, Kitab Fada'il as-Sahaba) AQEEDA-E-AKHIRAT INTRODUCTION In Islam, Yawm al-Qiymah is believed to be God's final assessment of humanity. Muslims believe that the present life is only a trial preparation for the next realm of existence. This life is a test for each individual for the life after death. A day will come when the whole universe will be destroyed and the dead will be resurrected for judgment by God. This day will be the beginning of a life that will never end. This day is the Day of Judgment. Those who die while believing that There is no true god but God, and Muhammad is the Messenger (Prophet) of God and are Muslim will be rewarded on that day and will be admitted to Paradise forever, as God has said And those who believe and do good deeds, they are dwellers of Paradise, they dwell therein forever. (Quran, 2:82) This Belief Divides People into Three Categories FIRST, there are those who do not believe in the Hereafter and regard life on this earth as the only life and nothing destroys them except time. Naturally, they judge something to be good if it produces desirable results and evil if it brings about undesirable results. SECOND, there are those who do not deny the Hereafter, but they depend on the intercession or atonement of someone to absolve them of their sins. Among them are some who regard themselves as Gods chosen people, who will receive only nominal punishment, however grave their sins may be. This deprives them of the moral advantage, which they could have derived from their belief in the Hereafter. As a result their behavior becomes very much like that of those who deny the Hereafter. THIRD, are those who believe in the Hereafter and do not delude themselves that they have any special relationship with God or that anyone can intercede on their behalf? They hold themselves accountable for their actions and their belief in the Hereafter becomes a great moral force.

BELIEF IN THE LAST DAY The event of the Last Day will begin by the blowing of Israfil's horn, and people will go through various stages before they meet the almighty Allah. There will be a gathering on a white, vast featureless ground, and be called on by Allah where the angels will recount the person's good and bad deeds. According to these, Allah will judge whether the person should go to Paradise or Hell to abide in forever in the afterlife.

KASB-I-HALAL (LAWFUL EARNING) LAWFUL EARNING DEFINATION: Lawful Earning means to earn our living by legitimate and lawful means. These commandments of Allah have further been spread according to Holy Quran and in the sayings of the Prophet (p.b.u.h.). Lawful things are known as Halal and the things, which are not lawful, are known as Haram. Lawful things are obligatory on every Muslim. HALAL AND HARAM (lawful and unlawful things) Rasulullah (sallallaho alaihe wasallam) said: It is compulsory on every Muslim to seek lawful earnings. He termed this compulsory subject as a thing of wisdom for a wise man out of other compulsory things. Lawful things are clear and unlawful things are also clear. Between these two, there are doubtful things, which are not clear and difficult to know. All things are limited within these three things. MERITS OF LAWFUL EARNINGS AND CONDEMNATION OF UNLAWFUL In Holy Quran Allah says: Eat of the good things and do good deeds- (2:168.) Allah ordered for eating good things before doing good deeds. The object of this order is eating of lawful things. Dont eat properties of one another unjustly-(2: 188.) Believers fear Allah and give up what remains of interest (usury) if you are believes- (2.278.) If you do not do it, then be prepared to fight with Allah and His Prophet -(2:289.) Then He says: If you repent, then for you is the capital. Then He said: Those who turn away from that are the inmates of Hell. They will abide therein. At first, eating of interest (usury), then call for fight with Allah and His Apostle and last of all residing in Hell have been mentioned. There are innumerable verses regarding lawful and unlawful things. ACCORING TO HADITH Rasulullah (sallallaho alaihe wasallam) said: It is compulsory on every Muslim to seek lawful earnings. Rasulullah (sallallaho alaihe wasallam) said: He who makes efforts to maintain his family out of lawful earnings is like a fighter in the way of Allah and he who seeks lawful earnings after restraining himself will get the rank of a martyr. If a man eats lawful food for forty days, Allah illumines his heart and lets flow wisdom from his heart through his tongue. Allah grants him renunciation in the world. Once Sayyidna Saad said to Rasulullah (sallallaho alaihe wasallam) Pray to Allah that He may accept my invocation. Rasulullah (sallallaho alaihe wasallam) said: Eat lawful food and for that your invocation will be accepted. Rasulullah (sallallaho alaihe wasallam) mentioned about the worldly addicted men and said:

 There are many men who have got dishevelled hairs, dust laden dresses, are tired in journey, whose food is unlawful, whose dress in unlawful, and who have been maintained by unlawful food. If they raise their hands and say: O Lord O Lord how can their invocation be accepted? An angel residing in Baitul Muqaddas proclaims every night: Saraf and Adal will not be accepted from a person who eats unlawful food. Saraf means optional and sunnat actions and Adal mean compulsory duties. In other words, compulsory duties and optional duties will not be accepted from him.